From phycocyanin fluorescence to absolute cyanobacteria biomass: An application using in-situ fluorometer probes in the monitoring of potentially harmful cyanobacteria blooms

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 695-698 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Loisa ◽  
J. Kääriä ◽  
J. Laaksonlaita ◽  
J. Niemi ◽  
J. Sarvala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Fluorescence Probes ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Eutrophic Lakes ◽  
Cyanobacteria Blooms ◽  
Recreational Use ◽  
Harmful Effects

Cyanobacteria blooms can complicate the economical or recreational use of waters. Many of the bloom forming species are also potential producers of harmful cyanotoxins. The standard method for quantifying phytoplankton biomass, based on inverted microscopy, has high accuracy and is the only one producing biomass results on taxonomic level, but it requires specialized expertise and is time-consuming. Phycocyanin (PC) pigment concentration has been proven as a useful proxy for the concentration of cyanobacteria. Since 2006, we have studied practical solutions of in-situ monitoring of cyanobacteria using PC fluorescence probes. We have studied two eutrophic lakes, Lake Littoistenjärvi and Lake Kuralanjärvi in southwestern Finland using stationary monitoring stations equipped with PC probes. The fluorescence results were compared to independent water samples analyzed using standard methods. The PC fluorescence was positively correlated to cyanobacteria biomass in both lakes. Using site-specific post-calibrations of biomass, PC fluorescence can be used to estimate the absolute biomass of cyanobacteria. The monitoring techniques used in these studies are an applicable and relatively low-cost method to monitor cyanobacteria abundance. With nearly real-time data transfer possibilities, they can be used in management and early warning applications to minimize the harmful effects of cyanobacteria blooms.

Heteroepitaxy of GaN on Silicon: In Situ Measurements

2005 ◽  
Vol 483-485 ◽  
pp. 1051-1056
Author(s):  
A. Krost ◽  
Armin Dadgar ◽  
F. Schulze ◽  
R. Clos ◽  
K. Haberland ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Group Iii Nitrides ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Attractive Alternative ◽  
Light Emitting ◽  
Group Iii ◽  
Light Emitting Devices ◽  
Thermal Expansion Coefficients ◽  
Long Time

Due to the lack of GaN wafers, so far, group-III nitrides are mostly grown on sapphire or SiC substrates. Silicon offers an attractive alternative because of its low cost, large wafer area, and physical benefits such as the possibility of chemical etching, lower hardness, good thermal conductivity, and electrical conducting or isolating for light emitting devices or transistor structures, respectively. However, for a long time, a technological breakthrough of GaN-on-silicon has been thought to be impossible because of the cracking problem originating in the huge difference of the thermal expansion coefficients between GaN and silicon which leads to tensile strain and cracking of the layers when cooling down. However, in recent years, several approaches to prevent cracking and wafer bowing have been successfully applied. Nowadays, device-relevant thicknesses of crackfree group-III-nitrides can be grown on silicon. To reach this goal the most important issues were the identification of the physical origin of strains and its engineering by means of in situ monitoring during metalorganic vapor phase epitaxy.

scholarly journals IoT system for remote monitoring of mangrove forest the Sundarbans

2021 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
pp. 254-258
Author(s):  
Asif Rahman Rumee
Keyword(s):  
Remote Monitoring ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Mangrove Forests ◽  
Simulated Environment ◽  
Emergency Event ◽  
The Sundarbans

In-situ monitoring of mangrove forests is expensive, cumbersome, time consuming and error-prone, hence remote approaches are being used widely nowadays. Remote sensing using satellites, UAVs and other devices is incapable of collecting many important types of data required for processing, therefore a prototype of an  IoT device is designed and built for monitoring environmental parameters of the largest mangrove forest in the world, the Sundarbans in Bangladesh. The prototype is tested for a few hours in a simulated environment where the readings are updated every 2 seconds and alert notifications are received if an emergency event occurs. The simulation results prove the effectiveness of the proposed device and the feasibility of it for low cost remote monitoring of the mangrove forest.

In-Situ Monitoring for Open Low-Cost 3d Printing

2021 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
P. Minetola ◽  
M. S. Khandpur ◽  
L. Iuliano ◽  
F. Calignano ◽  
M. Galati ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
3D Printing ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
In Situ Monitoring

scholarly journals Study and application of Symphonie model to compute the hydrodynamic processes in the East Sea

2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (4A) ◽  
pp. 1-15
Author(s):  
To Duy Thai ◽  
Bui Hong Long
Keyword(s):  
High Resolution ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Seawater Temperature ◽  
East Sea ◽  
Time Data ◽  
In Situ Data ◽  
Hydrodynamic Processes ◽  
Hydrodynamic Fields

Hydrodynamic processes in the East Sea have been studied by many Vietnamese and foreign scientists applying the models as advanced tools with low cost and spatial and temporal synchronized dataset to serve their research. However, applying the model to study variability of small and medium structures with very high resolution (a few kilometers) is still challenge for scientists. With the advantages of high quality real-time data, open source hydrodynamic model, and the support from high performance computer (HPC) systems, we have step by step studied and developed the numerical model for study on hydrodynamic fields in the East Sea. The model was validated with high resolution satellite data as well as in-situ data from the ARGO and research vessels. Initial results of the simulation are very good for the surface seawater temperature (SST) field in the East Sea.

scholarly journals Long-Autonomy Unmanned Aircraft Vehicle (UAV) for Quick Release of Ocean Minidrifters

2020 ◽  
Vol 37 (10) ◽  
pp. 1801-1809
Author(s):  
Antonio Gómez Roa ◽  
Xavier Flores-Vidal ◽  
Orlando Avendaño Gastelum ◽  
Rogelio Núñez ◽  
Andrés Sandoval Rangel ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Level ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Unmanned Aircraft ◽  
Quick Response ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Quick Release ◽  
Simplified Method ◽  
Technical Details ◽  
Ocean Measurements

AbstractIn this work we present an unmanned aircraft vehicle (UAV) designed from off-the-shelf components to release ocean minidrifters. Its endurance (~1 h), payload (~5 kg), offshore range (~30 km), capability of operating into wind conditions of ~10 kt (1 kt ≈ 0.51 m s−1), high-precision autopilot (2–3 m), and flying altitude of ~500 m above sea level, along with its relatively low cost [<$5,000 (U.S. dollars)] enables quick and relatively easy oceanographic applications beyond 10 km offshore. We report here the very first successful ocean drifter releases, performed along the Baja California coast, between Tijuana and Rosarito, Mexico, and the technical details of the UAV. About 50 experiments (flights) allowed us to improve the takeoff and landing, the release tunnel for minidrifters, the cruise speed and altitude to release drifters safely, and to implement a parachute that controls the speed of the freefalling minidrifters. Quick release of up to six drifters (armed with real-time data transfer and web display) between 2 and 12 km offshore were performed at ~500 m above sea level, during a single flight in under 15 min, as opposed to classic techniques using boats or ships that, although can transport much more weight, can take several hours, use more human resources, and increase cost. Here we propose a novel open-source technique that can be used as a simplified method for scientific ocean measurements, as a quick-response emergency tool to map spills or for search and rescue.

scholarly journals An Integrated Toolbox for the Engagement of Citizens in the Monitoring of Water Ecosystems

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Krommyda ◽  
Anastasios Rigos ◽  
Spyridon-Nektarios Bolierakis ◽  
Theodoros Theodoropoulos ◽  
Stefano Tamascelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Data Quality ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Scientific Data ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Systems ◽  
Crowd Sourcing ◽  
Water Ecosystems

The monitoring of water ecosystems requires consistent and accurate sensor measurements, usually provided from traditional in-situ environmental monitoring systems. Such infrastructure, however, is expensive, hard to maintain and available only in limited areas that had been affected by extreme phenomena and require continuous monitoring. Due to climate change, the monitoring of larger areas and extended water ecosystems is imperative, raising the question of whether this monitoring can be disengaged from the in-situ monitoring systems. Due to climate change and extreme weather phenomena, more citizens are affected by environmental issues and become aware of the need to contribute to their monitoring. As a result, they are willing to offer their time to support the collection of scientific data. Collecting such data from volunteers, with no technical knowledge and while using low-cost equipment such as smart phones and portable sensors, raises the question of data quality and consistency. We present here a novel integrated toolbox that can support the organization of crowd-sourcing activities, ensure the engagement of the participants, the data collection in a consistent way, enforce extensive data quality controls and provide to local authorities and scientists access to the collected information in a uniform way, through widely accepted standards.

An ultra low-cost smartphone device for in-situ monitoring of acute organophosphorus poisoning for agricultural workers

2018 ◽  
Vol 275 ◽  
pp. 300-305 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Chung Chang ◽  
Xiaoxiao Ge ◽  
Li-Ju Wang ◽  
Stephen Sauchi Lee ◽  
Michael H. Paulsen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Agricultural Workers ◽  
Organophosphorus Poisoning ◽  
Acute Organophosphorus Poisoning

scholarly journals A Low-Cost, Stand-Alone Sensory Platform for Monitoring Extreme Solar Overirradiance Events

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (8) ◽  
pp. 2685 ◽  
Author(s):  
Otavio Andre Chase ◽  
Mailson Borges Teles ◽  
Marinaldo de Jesus dos Santos Rodrigues ◽  
José Felipe Souza de Almeida ◽  
Wilson Negrão Macêdo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Irradiance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Environmental Parameters ◽  
In Situ Monitoring ◽  
Low Latitude ◽  
Photovoltaic Modules ◽  
The North ◽  
Cost System ◽  
Embedded Computer

In this paper, we present a low-cost, stand-alone sensory platform developed for in situ monitoring of environmental parameters, for use in the Amazon region in the north of Brazil. The mission of the platform is to perform monitoring and identification of overirradiance (solar irradiance > 1000 W/m2) and extreme overirradiance events (solar irradiance > 1300 W/m2) using a photovoltaic based irradiance sensor. The sensory platform was built using the ESP8266 microcontroller, an open embedded computer capable of Wi-Fi communication using the IEEE 802.11 standard, and small photovoltaic modules, air temperature, atmospheric pressure, voltage, and current sensors, enabling the development of a low-cost system (€70/R$350.00 BRL). Calibration and tests were conducted at the Federal University of Pará (UFPA), Belém campus, Pará, where the platform measured an extreme overirradiance of 1321 W/m2 at a low-latitude (1 °S) and low altitude (7 m above sea level).

scholarly journals Sera Çevre Koşullarının Nesnelerin İnterneti Tabanlı İzleme ve Analiz Sistemi ile Denetlenmesi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 1279 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Çaylı ◽  
Adil Akyüz ◽  
Abdullah Nafi Baytorun ◽  
Sedat Boyacı ◽  
Sait Üstün ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Low Income ◽  
Rural Areas ◽  
Ieee 802.15.4 ◽  
Data Transfer ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Indoor Climate ◽  
Time Data ◽  
Data Collection And Analysis

Wireless sensor networks applications and inter-machine communication (M2M), called the Internet of Things, help decision-makers to control complex systems thanks to the low data-rate and cost-effective data collection and analysis. These technologies offer new possibilities to monitor environmental management and agricultural policies, and to improve agricultural production, especially in low-income rural areas. In this study, IoT is proposed with a low cost, flexible and scalable data collection and analysis system. For this purpose, open source hardware microprocessor cards and sensors are stored in the greenhouse computer database using the IEEE 802.15.4 Zigbee wireless communication protocol. The data can be analyzed by greenhouse computer analysis software, which is developed with the PHP programming language. It is possible to monitor the real time data from the greenhouse computer. Also alert rules definitions can be made and the system was tested in greenhouse conditions. It has been observed that it performs operations steadily such as data transfer, sensor measurements and data processing. The proposed system may be useful for monitoring indoor climate and controlling ventilation, irrigation and heating systems, especially for small enterprises due to the modular structure.

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