scholarly journals A Low-Cost Optoacoustic Sensor for Environmental Monitoring

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (4) ◽  
pp. 1379
Author(s):  
Antonios Stylogiannis ◽  
Nikolaos Kousias ◽  
Anastasios Kontses ◽  
Leonidas Ntziachristos ◽  
Vasilis Ntziachristos
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Quartz Tuning Fork ◽  
Acoustic Energy ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Gaseous Pollutants ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Good Agreement

Attention to Black Carbon (BC) has been rising due to its effects on human health as well its contribution to climate change. Measurements of BC are challenging, as currently used devices are either expensive or impractical for continuous monitoring. Here, we propose an optoacoustic sensor to address this problem. The sensor utilizes a novel ellipsoidal design for refocusing the optoacoustic signal with minimal acoustic energy losses. To reduce the cost of the system, without sacrificing accuracy, an overdriven laser diode and a Quartz Tuning Fork are used as the light source and the sound detector, respectively. The prototype was able to detect BC particles and to accurately monitor changes in concentration in real time and with very good agreement with a reference instrument. The response of the sensor was linearly dependent on the BC particles concentration with a normalized noise equivalent absorption coefficient (NNEA) for soot equal to 7.39 × 10−9 W cm−1 Hz−1/2. Finally, the prototype was able to perform NO2 measurements, demonstrating its ability to accurately monitor both particulate and gaseous pollutants. The proposed sensor has the potential to offer a significant economic impact for BC environmental measurements and source appointment technologies.

A new low‐cost high‐performance quartz tuning‐fork temperature sensor

Sensor Review ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 23 (2) ◽  
pp. 134-142 ◽  
Author(s):  
He Jin ◽  
Chen Zhaoyang ◽  
Lin Jiang ◽  
Dai Jingmin
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Quartz Tuning Fork

scholarly journals Evaluation and Optimization of an Innovative Low-Cost Photovoltaic Solar Concentrator

2011 ◽  
Vol 2011 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Franco Cotana ◽  
Federico Rossi ◽  
Andrea Nicolini
Keyword(s):  
High Efficiency ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Solar Irradiation ◽  
Energy Losses ◽  
Solar Concentrator ◽  
Low Concentration ◽  
Pv Panel ◽  
Economical Evaluation ◽  
Geometrical Factors ◽  
The Cost

Many researches showed that the cost of the energy produced by photovoltaic (PV) concentrators is strongly reduced with respect to flat panels, especially in those countries that have a high solar irradiation. The cost drop comes from the reduction of the expensive high-efficiency photovoltaic surface through the use of optical concentrators of the solar radiation. In this paper, an experimental innovative PV low-concentration system is analysed. Numerical simulations were performed to determine the possible reasons of energy losses in the prototype, primarily due to geometrical factors. In particular, the effect of the shadows produced from the mirrors on the prototype performances was analysed: shadows are often neglected in the design phase of such systems. The study demonstrates that shadows may affect the performances of a hypothetical optimized PV low-concentration system up to 15%. Finally, an economical evaluation was carried out comparing the proposed optimized system to a traditional flat PV panel.

scholarly journals The Real Economics of Climate Engineering

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gernot Klepper ◽  
Wilfried Rickels
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Economic Cost ◽  
Economic Research ◽  
Radiation Balance ◽  
Climate Engineering ◽  
External Effects ◽  
Theoretical Investigations ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Phase Out

In 2008 Scott Barrett wrote a paper on “The incredible economics of geoengineering” in which he argued that the potentially low cost of climate engineering (CE) measures together with the quick response of the earth’s temperature to such interventions will change the whole debate about the mitigation of climate change. Whereas Barrett was mostly focusing on the cost of running CE measures, we point out that several determinants of overall economic cost like price or external effects are not yet sufficiently accounted for and that the question of dynamic efficiency is still unresolved. Combining the existing theoretical investigations about the topic from the literature, we show that even though these new measures provide new options to deal with climate change, several of them might also reduce our scope of action. Consequently, we suggest that economic research should shift its focus to portfolios of CE measures and put more emphasis on those measures which control atmospheric carbon concentration and therefore allow extending our scope of action. Additionally, economic research should address the question of phase-in and phase-out scenarios for measures which directly influence the radiation balance.

scholarly journals A Novel and Low-Cost Sea Ice Mass Balance Buoy

2013 ◽  
Vol 30 (11) ◽  
pp. 2676-2688 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keith Jackson ◽  
Jeremy Wilkinson ◽  
Ted Maksym ◽  
David Meldrum ◽  
Justin Beckers ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sea Ice ◽  
Mass Balance ◽  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Thermal Response ◽  
Material Interfaces ◽  
Ice Mass Balance ◽  
Data Bus ◽  
A Chain ◽  
The Cost

Abstract The understanding of sea ice mass balance processes requires continuous monitoring of the seasonal evolution of the ice thickness. While autonomous ice mass balance (IMB) buoys deployed over the past two decades have contributed to scientists' understanding of ice growth and decay processes, deployment has been limited, in part, by the cost of such systems. Routine, basinwide monitoring of the ice cover is realistically achievable through a network of reliable and affordable autonomous instrumentation. This paper describes the development of a novel autonomous platform and sensor that replaces the traditional thermistor strings for monitoring temperature profiles in the ice and snow using a chain of inexpensive digital temperature chip sensors linked by a single-wire data bus. By incorporating a heating element into each sensor, the instrument is capable of resolving material interfaces (e.g., air–snow and ice–ocean boundaries) even under isothermal conditions. The instrument is small, low cost, and easy to deploy. Field and laboratory tests of the sensor chain demonstrate that the technology can reliably resolve material boundaries to within a few centimeters. The discrimination between different media based on sensor thermal response is weak in some deployments and efforts to optimize the performance continue.

Design, Development and Testing of Quartz Tuning Fork Temperature Sensor

2011 ◽  
Vol 483 ◽  
pp. 143-147
Author(s):  
Jing Ma ◽  
Jun Xu ◽  
Bo You
Keyword(s):  
Temperature Sensor ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Quartz Tuning Fork ◽  
Design Development ◽  
Metal Electrodes ◽  
Crystalline Quartz ◽  
Flexural Mode ◽  
External Temperature ◽  
Satisfactory Performance

In this paper, a low cost quartz tuning fork temperature sensor adopting H-shaped tuning fork resonator to address miniaturization, high resolution and high stability has been designed, developed and tested. The quartz tuning temperature sensor is designed vibrating in flexural mode with a new thermo-sensitive cut. The quartz tuning fork temperature sensor consists of two prongs connected at one end of crystalline quartz plate with thin-film metal electrodes deposited on the faces, which is used to produce vibration in response to alternating voltages and detecting the resonance frequency in the meantime. When an external temperature is change, there is a shift in its natural frequency. Based on this principle, a resonant thermometer is designed. Finite element method is used to analyze the vibratory modes and optimize the structure. The whole structure is 500μm thickness, the length of tuning fork arm is 3076μm and the width of tuning fork arm is 600um, the frequency of tuning fork is about 37kHz with a sensitivity of rough 85 ppm/°C. The experimental results shown that a temperature accuracy of 0.01 °C and a resolution of 0.005 °C within temperature range from 0 °C to 100 °C. All these research are helpful to design satisfactory performance of the sensor for temperature measurement.

scholarly journals Quartz Tuning Fork Sensor-Based Dosimetry for Sensitive Detection of Gamma Radiation

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (22) ◽  
pp. 7035
Author(s):  
Nadyah Alanazi ◽  
Abdullah N. Alodhayb ◽  
Atheer Almutairi ◽  
Hanan Alshehri ◽  
Sarah AlYemni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gamma Radiation ◽  
Resonance Frequency ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Radiation Detector ◽  
Quartz Tuning Fork ◽  
Fast Response ◽  
Gold Coating ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Small Change

This study generally relates to nuclear sensors and specifically to detecting nuclear and electromagnetic radiation using an ultrasensitive quartz tuning fork (QTF) sensor. We aim to detect low doses of gamma radiation with fast response time using QTF. Three different types of QTFs (uncoated and gold coated) were used in this study in order to investigate their sensitivity to gamma radiations. Our results show that a thick gold coating on QTF can enhance the quality factor and increase the resonance frequency from 32.7 to 32.9 kHz as compared to uncoated QTF. The results also show that increasing the surface area of the gold coating on the QTF can significantly enhance the sensitivity of the QTF to radiation. We investigated the properties of gold-coated and uncoated QTFs before and after irradiation by scanning electron microscopy. We further investigated the optical properties of SiO2 wafers (quartz) by spectroscopic ellipsometry (SE). The SE studies revealed that even a small change in the microstructure of the material caused by gamma radiation would have an impact on mechanical properties of QTF, resulting in a shift in resonance frequency. Overall, the results of the experiments demonstrated the feasibility of using QTF sensors as an easy to use, low-cost, and sensitive radiation detector.

scholarly journals Design of a Portable and Low-Cost Mass Sensitive Quartz Tuning Fork Sensor

Proceedings ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 1 (8) ◽  
pp. 803
Author(s):  
Mehmet Altay Ünal ◽  
Dilek Çökeliler Serdaroğlu ◽  
İsmail Cengiz Koçum
Keyword(s):  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Quartz Tuning Fork

scholarly journals Open IoT Architecture for Continuous Patient Monitoring in Emergency Wards

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1074 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carlos Pereira ◽  
João Mesquita ◽  
Diana Guimarães ◽  
Frederico Santos ◽  
Luis Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Continuous Monitoring ◽  
Emergency Service ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Wearable Sensors ◽  
Open Communication ◽  
Serious Adverse Events ◽  
Hard Constraints ◽  
Data Semantics ◽  
Physiological Sensors ◽  
The Cost

Due to multiple reasons, emergency wards can become overloaded with patients, some of which can be in critical health conditions. To improve the emergency service and avoid deaths and serious adverse events that could be potentially prevented, it is mandatory to do a continuous monitoring of patients physiological parameters. This is a good fit for Internet of Things (IoT) technology, but the scenario imposes hard constraints on autonomy, connectivity, interoperability, and delay. In this paper, we propose a full Internet-based architecture using open protocols from the wearable sensors up to the monitoring system. Particularly, we use low-cost and low-power WiFi-enabled wearable physiological sensors that connect directly to the Internet infrastructure and run open communication protocols, namely, oneM2M. At the upper end, our architecture relies on openEHR for data semantics, storage, and monitoring. Overall, we show the feasibility of our open IoT architecture exhibiting 20–50 ms end-to-end latency and 30–50 h sensor autonomy at a fraction of the cost of current non-interoperable vertical solutions.

Low-cost quartz tuning fork based methane sensor for coal mine safety applications

2019 ◽  
Vol 295 ◽  
pp. 7-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Chen ◽  
Xiaoce Feng ◽  
Xiaojun Liu ◽  
Xiangqun Zeng ◽  
Yong Xu
Keyword(s):  
Coal Mine ◽  
Tuning Fork ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Quartz Tuning Fork ◽  
Mine Safety ◽  
Methane Sensor ◽  
Coal Mine Safety ◽  
Safety Applications
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