scholarly journals Field Trials for the Characterization of Non-Intentional Emissions at Low-Voltage Grid in the Frequency Range Assigned to NB-PLC Technologies

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1044 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Fernández ◽  
David de la Vega ◽  
Amaia Arrinda ◽  
Itziar Angulo ◽  
Noelia Uribe-Pérez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Smart Grid ◽  
Error Detection ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Grid Services ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Industrial Facilities ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Error Detection And Correction

The paper describes the results of a measurement campaign to characterize the non-intentional emissions (NIE) that are present in the low voltage section of the electrical grid, within the frequency range assigned to narrowband power line communications (NB-PLC), from 20 kHz to 500 kHz. These NIE may severely degrade the quality of the communications and, in some cases, even isolate the transmission devices. For this reason, the identification and characterization of these perturbations are important aspects for the proper performance of the smart grid services based on PLC. The proper characterization of NIE in this frequency range is a key aspect for the selection of efficient configurations to find the best trade-off between data throughput and robustness, or even for the definition of new improved error detection and correction methods. The huge number of types of NIE, together with the wide variety of grid topologies and loads distribution (density and location of homes and industrial facilities) are great challenges that complicate the thorough characterization of NIE. This work contributes with results from field trials in different scenarios, the identification of different types of NIE and the characterization both in time and frequency domains of all the registered disturbances. This contribution will be helpful for a better knowledge of the electrical grid as a transmission medium for PLC and, therefore, for evaluating the appropriateness of different robustness techniques to be applied in the next generation of smart grid services.

scholarly journals Comparison of Measurement Methods of LV Grid Access Impedance in the Frequency Range Assigned to Nb‑Plc Technologies

Electronics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 1155 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Fernández ◽  
David de la Vega ◽  
Dominique Roggo ◽  
Robert Stiegler ◽  
Lino Capponi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Distribution System ◽  
Low Voltage ◽  
Collaborative Work ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Electrical Grid ◽  
Power Line Communications ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Impedance Characterization

The paper presents and evaluates three advanced methods for the characterization of the low-voltage (LV) grid access impedance for the frequency range assigned to Narrow Band-Power Line Communications (NB-PLC): 9 kHz to 500 kHz. This study responds to the recent demand from both regulatory bodies and Distribution System Operators about the need for accurate and validated methods for this frequency band, due to the limited knowledge of the impedance values in the electrical grid and their influence on NB-PLC transmission channels. In this paper, the results of a collaborative work to develop different proposals to overcome the challenges for the proper characterization of the frequency and time-varying grid impedance, from different theoretical approaches, are presented. The methods are compared in a controlled and isolated scenario: the impedance characterization of passive filters. Then, the results are validated two-fold: first, against theoretical simulations, based on the schematics provided by the manufacturer, and second, against the measurement results of a precision impedance meter, used as a reference of accuracy. The results demonstrate a high degree of precision of the three proposals to characterize the access impedance of the LV grid.

scholarly journals Field Trials for the Empirical Characterization of the Low Voltage Grid Access Impedance From 35 kHz to 500 kHz

IEEE Access ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
pp. 85786-85795 ◽  
Author(s):  
Igor Fernandez ◽  
Amaia Arrinda ◽  
Itziar Angulo ◽  
David De La Vega ◽  
Noelia Uribe-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Field Trials

Induced polarization and transient electromagnetic surveys for the characterization of a graphite ore

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrian Flores Orozco ◽  
Lukas Aigner ◽  
Timea Katona ◽  
Matthias Bücker ◽  
Philipp Zehetgruber ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Low Voltage ◽  
Numerical Models ◽  
Induced Polarization ◽  
Data Sets ◽  
Imaging Data ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Field Surveys ◽  
Transient Electromagnetic ◽  
Imaging Results

<p>The prospection of electrical conductors and semi-conductors has been one of the classical applications of the induced polarization (IP) method, with recent laboratory studies permitting to gain a deeper insight into the parameters controlling the polarization response. However, the application of electrochemical models developed for laboratory measurements has been rarely taken into field-scale imaging data sets. To fill this gap, here we discuss IP imaging results collected in Zettlitz (Austria), a former quarry operated between 1855 and 1967 for the extraction of graphite, an electrical conductor. The general goal of the geophysical survey is to characterize the geometry and volume of the residual graphite at the site. To this end, frequency-domain IP imaging measurements were collected along 10 main transects using different geometries, with selected data sets collected in the frequency range between 0.25 and 1 Hz to gain information about the frequency-dependence of the electrical properties. As expected, initial measurements revealed a high IP response in the graphite-rich areas. Nevertheless, the high electrical conductivity of the materials resulted in low voltage readings and an important decrease in the signal-to-noise ratio for deep measurements; thus, significantly reducing the depth of investigation. To overcome this limitation, we conducted measurements at areas of interest using transient electromagnetic (TEM) soundings, which are favored by the high conductivity of the targeted graphite and permit a better delineation of the contact to the calcareous host-rock. Initial analysis of the TEM data revealed a poor consistency with the electrical models retrieved from the IP surveys. However, taking into account the IP effect within the inversion of the TEM data significantly improved the consistency in the subsurface models resolved by the different methods. In order to resolve for adequate parameters for the modeling of TEM signatures, IP measurements were also collected at relevant positions in the frequency-range between 0.01 and 10000 Hz, with a high accuracy electrical impedance spectrometer. Further IP measurements were also collected in rock samples in the laboratory to aid in the interpretation of the field surveys and to permit the numerical modeling of the electrical signatures using a recently proposed electrochemical model. Our results demonstrate that the combination of IP and TEM surveys provide an improved modeling of the field signatures and, thus, a better characterization of the site. Additionally, we discuss the applicability of existing empirical and numerical models for the quantitative interpretation of field surveys.</p>

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