scholarly journals A Five-Level Converter in a Three-Level Mode for Common-Mode Leakage Current Suppression in PV-Generation Systems

Electronics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (19) ◽  
pp. 2382
Author(s):  
Aleksey V. Udovichenko ◽  
Sergey V. Brovanov ◽  
Evgeny V. Grishanov ◽  
Svetlana M. Stennikova
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Multilevel Converter ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Common Mode Voltage ◽  
Modulation Mode ◽  
The Common ◽  
Pv Generation

Power generation systems (PGSs) based on renewable energy sources are finding ever-widening applications, and many researchers work on this problem. Many papers address the problem of transformerless PGSs, but few of them aimed at conducting research on structures with multilevel converter topologies as part of a PGS. In this paper a grid-tied transformerless PV-generation system based on a multilevel converter is discussed. There are common-mode leakage currents (CMLCs), which act as a parasitic factor. It is also known that common-mode voltage is the main cause of the common-mode leakage current in grid-tied PV-generation systems. This paper considers the space vector pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique, which is used to suppress or reduce common-mode leakage current. The proposed PWM technique with the reduction of common-mode leakage current for a generation system based on the multilevel converter controlled with a PWM technique was verified experimentally. The experimental results accurately confirmed the mathematical model and the compensation achieved without errors. In the experiment, there was an approximately six-fold decrease in the common-mode leakage current (10.3 mA in rejection mode and 61 mA in non-rejection current). This can lead to the elimination of CMLC in a multilevel semiconductor converter only by changing the modulation mode. This suggests the possibility of using these devices as part of transformerless generation systems. Suppression of CMLC can only be carried out by changing the PWM algorithm. Both considered topologies can implement this mode of operation. The proposed converter has a higher efficiency up to a frequency multiplicity of 2000.

scholarly journals A Five-Level Converter in a Three-Level Mode for Common-Mode Leakage Current Suppression in PV-Generation Systems

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey Vyacheslavovich Udovichenko ◽  
Sergey Viktorovich Brovanov ◽  
Evgeny Valerievich Grishanov ◽  
Svetlana Mikhailovna Stennikova
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Pulse Width ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Multilevel Converter ◽  
Generation System ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Common Mode Voltage ◽  
Conducting Research ◽  
Pv Generation

Power generation systems based on renewable energy sources are finding ever-widening applications and many researchers work on this problem. Many papers address the problem of transformerless structures, but few of them are aimed at conducting research on structures with multilevel converter topologies. In this paper a grid-tied transformerless PV-generation system based on a multilevel converter is discussed. There are common-mode leakage currents which act as a parasitic factor. It is also known that common-mode voltage is the main cause of the common-mode leakage current in grid-tied PV-generation systems. This paper considers the space vector pulse-width modulation (PWM) technique which is used to suppress or reduce common-mode leakage current. The proposed engineering solutions for a generation system based on the multilevel converter controlled with a pulse-width modulation technique are verified by experiment.

scholarly journals A New Approach to the PWM Modulation for the Multiphase Matrix Converters Supplying Loads with Open-End Winding

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 466
Author(s):  
Pawel Szczepankowski ◽  
Natalia Strzelecka ◽  
Enrique Romero-Cadaval
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
New Approach ◽  
Matrix Converters ◽  
Load Voltage ◽  
Common Mode Voltage ◽  
The Common ◽  
Open End Winding

This article presents three variants of the Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) for the Double Square Multiphase type Conventional Matrix Converters (DSM-CMC) supplying loads with the open-end winding. The first variant of PWM offers the ability to obtain zero value of the common-mode voltage at the load’s terminals and applies only six switches within the modulation period. The second proposal archives for less Total Harmonic Distortion (THD) of the generated load voltage. The third variant of modulation concerns maximizing the voltage transfer ratio, minimizing the number of switching, and the common-mode voltage cancellation. The discussed modulations are based on the concept of sinusoidal voltage quadrature signals, which can be an effective alternative to the classic space-vector approach. In the proposed approach, the geometrical arrangement of basic vectors needed to synthesize output voltages is built from the less number of vectors, which is equal to the number of the matrix converter’s terminals. The PWM duty cycle computation is performed using only a second-order determinant of the voltages coordinate matrix without using trigonometric functions. A new approach to the PWM duty cycles computing and the load voltage synthesis by 5 × 5 and 12 × 12 topologies has been verified using the PSIM simulation software.

scholarly journals Opposite Triangle Carrier with SVPWM for Common-Mode Voltage Reduction in Dual Three Phase Motor Drives

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 282
Author(s):  
Seon-Ik Hwang ◽  
Jang-Mok Kim
Keyword(s):  
Electromagnetic Interference ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Motor Drives ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Pwm Inverter ◽  
Common Mode Voltage ◽  
Voltage Vector ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
The Common ◽  
Zero Voltage

The common-mode voltage (CMV) generated by the switching operation of the pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter leads to bearing failure and electromagnetic interference (EMI) noises. To reduce the CMV, it is necessary to reduce the magnitude of dv/dt and change the frequency of the CMV. In this paper, the range of the CMV is reduced by using opposite triangle carrier for ABC and XYZ winding group, and the change in frequency in the CMV is reduced by equalizing the dwell time of the zero voltage vector on ABC and XYZ winding group of dual three phase motor.

scholarly journals An Efficient H7 Single-Phase Photovoltaic Grid Connected Inverter for CMC Conceptualization and Mitigation Method

Electronics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 1440 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mehrdad Mahmoudian ◽  
Eduardo M. G. Rodrigues ◽  
Edris Pouresmaeil
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Single Phase ◽  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Reactive Power ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Safety Issues ◽  
Common Mode Voltage ◽  
Circuit Components

Transformerless inverters are the economic choice as power interfaces between photovoltaic (PV) renewable sources and the power grid. Without galvanic isolation and adequate power convert design, single-phase grid connected inverters may have limited performance due to the presence of a significant common mode ground current by creating safety issues and enhancing the negative impact of harmonics in the grid current. This paper proposes an extended H6 transformerless inverter that uses an additional power switch (H7) to improve common mode leakage current mitigation in a single-phase utility grid. The switch with a diode in series connection aims to make an effective clamp of common mode voltage at the DC link midpoint. The principles of operation of the proposed structure with bipolar sinusoidal pulse width modulation (SPWM) is presented and formulated. Laboratory tests’ performance is detailed and evaluated in comparison with well-known single-phase transformer-less topologies in terms of power conversion efficiency, total harmonic distortion (THD) level, and circuit components number. The studied topology performance evaluation is completed with the inclusion of reactive power compensation functionality verified by a low-power laboratory implementation with 98.02% efficiency and 30.3 mA for the leakage current.

scholarly journals Modeling and Analysis of New Multilevel Inverter for Solar Photovoltaic Power Plant

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoqiang Guo ◽  
Ran He ◽  
Mehdi Narimani
Keyword(s):  
Power Plant ◽  
High Voltage ◽  
Renewable Energy Sources ◽  
Solar Photovoltaic ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Modeling And Analysis ◽  
Multilevel Inverters ◽  
Common Mode Voltage ◽  
The Common ◽  
And Control

Solar photovoltaic (PV) power plant is an effective way to utilize the renewable energy sources. EMI is one of the major concerns in PV power plant. Typically, the multilevel inverters are used in high voltage PV power plant. However, the conventional multilevel inverters require more semiconductors, which complicate the circuit structure and control algorithm. In this paper, a novel five-level inverter is introduced for the high voltage PV power plant applications. The model of the inverter is analyzed. With the redundant switching states, a new modulation strategy is proposed to reduce the common-mode voltage and EMI. The proposed approach is able to eliminate the common-mode voltage; meanwhile it has the capability of balancing the capacitor voltages. The cosimulation tests with the Matlab/Simulink and S-function are carried out. The results verify the effectiveness of the proposed method.

scholarly journals Leakage Current Reduction in Single-Phase Grid-Connected Inverters—A Review

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2384 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adyr A. Estévez-Bén ◽  
Alfredo Alvarez-Diazcomas ◽  
Gonzalo Macias-Bobadilla ◽  
Juvenal Rodríguez-Reséndiz
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Harmonic Distortion ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Photovoltaic Module ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Advantages And Disadvantages ◽  
Common Mode Voltage ◽  
The Common ◽  
Ac Converters ◽  
Current Reduction

The rise in renewable energy has increased the use of DC/AC converters, which transform the direct current to alternating current. These devices, generally called inverters, are mainly used as an interface between clean energy and the grid. It is estimated that 21% of the global electricity generation capacity from renewable sources is supplied by photovoltaic systems. In these systems, a transformer to ensure grid isolation is used. Nevertheless, the transformer makes the system expensive, heavy, bulky and reduces its efficiency. Therefore, transformerless schemes are used to eliminate the mentioned disadvantages. One of the main drawbacks of transformerless topologies is the presence of a leakage current between the physical earth of the grid and the parasitic capacitances of the photovoltaic module terminals. The leakage current depends on the value of the parasitic capacitances of the panel and the common-mode voltage. At the same time, the common-mode voltage depends on the modulation strategy used. Therefore, by the manipulation of the modulation technique, is accomplished a decrease in the leakage current. However, the connection standards for photovoltaic inverters establish a maximum total harmonic distortion of 5%. In this paper an analysis of the common-mode voltage and its influence on the value of the leakage current is described. The main topologies and strategies used to reduce the leakage current in transformerless schemes are summarized, highlighting advantages and disadvantages and establishing points of comparison with similar topologies. A comparative table with the most important aspects of each converter is shown based on number of components, modes of operation, type of modulation strategy used, and the leakage current value obtained. It is important to mention that analyzed topologies present a variation of the leakage current between 0 to 180 mA. Finally, the trends, problems, and researches on transformerless grid-connected PV systems are discussed.

scholarly journals A Method for the Simultaneous Suppression of DC Capacitor Fluctuations and Common-Mode Voltage in a Five-Level NPC/H Bridge Inverter

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 779 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming Wu ◽  
Zhenhao Song ◽  
Zhipeng Lv ◽  
Kai Zhou ◽  
Qi Cui
Keyword(s):  
Pulse Width Modulation ◽  
Neutral Point ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Mapping Algorithm ◽  
Common Mode Voltage ◽  
Point Potential ◽  
Voltage Vector ◽  
Three Phase ◽  
Simulation And Experiment ◽  
The Common

To suppress the direct current (DC) capacitor voltage fluctuations and the common-mode voltage (CMV) in a three-phase, five-level, neutral-point-clamped (NPC)/H-bridge inverter, this paper analyzes the influence of all voltage vectors on the neutral point potential of each phase under different pulse mappings in detail with an explanation of the CMV distribution. Then, based on the traditional space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) algorithm, a dual-pulse-mapping algorithm is proposed to suppress the DC capacitor fluctuations and the CMV simultaneously. In the algorithm, the reference voltage synthesis selects the voltage vector that has the smallest CMV value as the priority. In addition, the two kinds of pulse mappings that have opposite effects on the neutral point potential are switched to output. At the same time, regulating factors are introduced to adjust the working time of each voltage vector under the two pulse mappings; then, the capacitor voltages can be balanced. Both the simulation and experiment demonstrate the algorithm’s effectiveness.

scholarly journals A Novel Power Electronic Inverter Circuit for Transformerless Photovoltaic Systems

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cao Hai-Yan
Keyword(s):  
Leakage Current ◽  
Photovoltaic Systems ◽  
Power Electronic ◽  
Test Results ◽  
Common Mode ◽  
Common Mode Voltage ◽  
Evaluation Test ◽  
Mode Characteristic ◽  
The Common ◽  
Inverter Circuit

Capacitive leakage current is one of the most important issues for transformerless photovoltaic systems. In order to deal with the capacitive leakage current, a new power electronic inverter circuit is proposed in this paper. The inverter circuit consists of six switches and operates with constant common mode voltage. Theoretical analysis is conducted to clarify the circuit operation principle and the common mode characteristic. The performance evaluation test is carried out, and test results demonstrate that the capacitive leakage current can be significantly minimized with the proposed power electronic inverter circuit.

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