scholarly journals Peri-Implantitis Diagnosis and Prognosis Using Biomarkers in Peri-Implant Crevicular Fluid: A Narrative Review

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 214 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hatem Alassy ◽  
Praveen Parachuru ◽  
Larry Wolff
Keyword(s):  
Disease Progression ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Current Model ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Probing

Dental implant diseases, peri-implantitis (PI) and peri-implant mucositis (PIM), have shown wide prevalence in recent studies. Despite the prevalence, diagnosing peri-implant disease (PID) remains challenging as common diagnostic methods of periodontal probing and radiographs may be inaccurate. These methods only document pre-existing destruction rather than current disease activity. Furthermore, there is no current model to predict the progression of PID. Though a predictive model is lacking, biomarkers may offer some potential. Biomarkers are commonly used in medicine to objectively determine disease state, or responses to a therapeutic intervention. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers have moderate diagnostic validity in periodontitis. Biomarkers in peri-implant crevicular fluid (PICF) also show promising results in regard to their diagnostic and prognostic value. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge of PICF biomarkers in the diagnosis of PID and evaluate their validity to predict disease progression. This review found that PICF studies utilize different methods of sampling and interpretation with varying validity (sensitivity and specificity). A number of promising diagnostic techniques were identified. Commercially available chair-side tests for MMP-8 to diagnose periodontal disease and PID activity are now available. Future directions include proteomics and metabolomics for accurate, site-specific diagnosis and prediction of PID progression. Although more research is needed, this review concludes that the assessment of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, TNFα, MMP-8) in the PICF may be of value to diagnose PI and PIM but current research remains insufficient to indicate whether biomarkers predict peri-implant disease progression.

scholarly journals The Importance of Feature Processing in Deep-Learning-Based Condition Monitoring of Motors

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Dileep Kumar Soother ◽  
Jawaid Daudpoto ◽  
Nicholas R. Harris ◽  
Majid Hussain ◽  
Sanaullah Mehran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Condition Monitoring ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽  
Feature Processing ◽  
Tremendous Progress ◽  
Motor Condition ◽  
Processing Techniques

The advent of deep learning (DL) has transformed diagnosis and prognosis techniques in industry. It has allowed tremendous progress in industrial diagnostics, has been playing a pivotal role in maintaining and sustaining Industry 4.0, and is also paving the way for industry 5.0. It has become prevalent in the condition monitoring of industrial subsystems, a prime example being motors. Motors in various applications start deteriorating due to various reasons. Thus, the monitoring of their condition is of prime importance for sustaining the operation and maintaining efficiency. This paper presents a state-of-the-art review of DL-based condition monitoring for motors in terms of input data and feature processing techniques. Particularly, it reviews the application of various input features for the effectiveness of DL models in motor condition monitoring in the sense of what problems are targeted using these feature processing techniques and how they are addressed. Furthermore, it discusses and reviews advances in DL models, DL-based diagnostic methods for motors, hybrid fault diagnostic techniques, points out important open challenges to these models, and signposts the prospective future directions for DL models. This review will assist researchers in identifying research gaps related to feature processing, so that they may effectively contribute toward the implementation of DL models as applied to motor condition monitoring.

Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases: Reaction Paper

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Technological Improvements

With the recent description of 12 different forms and sub-forms of periodontitis by the World Workshop in Clinical Periodontics (1989), increased emphasis has been placed on diagnosis. Dr. Ranney's review addressed the specificity and sensitivity of current diagnostic tests with respect to their ability to differentiate between health and disease and between the individual disease states. Although considerable microbiologic and immunologic data have been accumulated in the past decade, very little of this information has proved to be sufficiently sensitive to be of use in differential diagnosis. Clinical measurements provide us with an insensitive, retrospective analysis of what has already occurred but allow us to diagnose disease based on its natural history. Measures of attachment levels, by use of conventional probes, are only sufficiently sensitive indicators of periodontitis when as much as 20-30% of attachment has already been lost. Current technological improvements in probing measurements and radiographic assessment may increase sensitivity in this area. Future improvements in diagnostic techniques will occur with the advent of sensitive biochemical analyses of gingival crevicular fluid. These assays will provide a more objective analysis of inflammation and, in time, will provide sufficient sensitivity to allow for differentiation between and among the various forms of periodontal disease. Future directions in diagnosis will focus on the identification of disease-susceptible individuals and the prediction of future periodontal breakdown.

scholarly journals Nitrosative Stress Biomarkers in the Non-Stimulated and Stimulated Saliva, as well as Gingival Crevicular Fluid of Patients with Periodontitis: Review and Clinical Study

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 259 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joanna Toczewska ◽  
Tomasz Konopka ◽  
Anna Zalewska ◽  
Mateusz Maciejczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Nitrosative Stress ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Disease Process ◽  
Primary Source ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Periodontal Tissues ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gingival Fluid

Diagnosis of periodontopathy is complex and includes defining the cause, type, stage, and grade of periodontitis. Therefore, alternative diagnostic methods are sought to indicate the progression of inflammation or to determine the effectiveness of therapy. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) biomarkers can be particularly useful because they most likely reflect the disease process of the periodontal tissues. However, the difficulty of collecting GCF for testing is the reason for the limited use in diagnostics. Because periodontitis is the primary source of nitrogen free radicals in the oral cavity, the aim of the study was to evaluate the biomarkers of nitrosative stress (nitric oxide, peroxynitrite, and S-nitrosothiols) in GCF, non-stimulated and stimulated saliva of 90 patients with periodontitis. The study group was divided into two subgroups, depending on the stage of the disease severity. We showed a significantly higher concentration of all assessed biomarkers in the non-stimulated and stimulated saliva of patients with periodontitis. However, significant changes in GCF has been shown only for peroxynitrite. The studied biomarkers did not correlate with clinical periodontal status, which probably results from their short-duration activity and the impact on a few factors in the oral cavity. Saliva and gingival fluid are not very useful in the differential diagnosis of periodontitis.

Long-Term Sub-Antimicrobial Doxycycline (Periostat®) as Adjunctive Management in Adult Periodontitis: Effects on Subgingival Bacterial Population Dynamics

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.G. Thomas ◽  
R.J. Metheny ◽  
J.M. Karakiozis ◽  
J.M. Wetzel ◽  
R.J. Crout
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Dark Field ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Treatment Schedule ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Oral Flora ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Oral Microbiology ◽  
Double Blind Design ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Previous trials had indicated that various schedules of sub-antimicrobial doxycycline significantly reduced gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) collagenase activity in adult patients with periodontitis with no evidence of emergent tetracycline-resistant (Tcr) marker oral flora. The purpose of this nine-month study was to expand these observations, emphasizing newer microbial diagnostic methods. Subgingival paper point samples were obtained at baseline (BL), 3, 6, and 9 months. Four subject treatment groups in a double-blind design were evaluated by mechanical scaling and root planing (SRP) and/or 20 mg doxycycline BID (Periostat®). Thirty-eight patients entered the study at baseline (BL). Dark-field microscopy on 260 samples showed that morphotype distribution was independent of treatment schedule. Culture analysis of the 3 most prevalent isolates recovered showed that Streptococcus and Prevotella species accounted for approximately 85% of the 724 cultures. There did not appear to be any overgrowth or replacement by opportunistic oral flora. Of 658 susceptibility patterns evaluated by Etest, the MIC 50/90 and mode MIC showed stable patterns, independent of treatment group. Our findings were different from those of previously published reports, but may be partly explained by the lack of universally standardized methods in oral microbiology and interpretive criteria for susceptibility testing.

COVID-19: Our Current Knowledge of Epidemiology, Pathology, Therapeutic Approaches, and Diagnostic Methods

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faroogh Marofi ◽  
Ramyar Azizi ◽  
Roza Motavalli ◽  
Ghasem Vahedi ◽  
Maryam Nasimi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cells ◽  
Skin Color ◽  
Color Change ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
World Health ◽  
Therapeutic Approaches

: Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2) firstly emerged in Wuhan, China at the end of 2019. After going through the experimental process, the virus was named the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) by the World Health Organization (WHO) in February 2020 which has created a global pandemic. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection is challenging the people who are especially suffering from chronic health problems such as asthma, diabetes, and heart disease or immune system deteriorating disorders, including cancers, Alzheimer's, etc. Other predisposing/risk factors consist of smoking and age (elderly people are at higher risk). The 2019-nCoV attacks epithelial cells in all organs, particularly epithelial cells in the lungs, resulting in viral pneumonia. The 2019-nCoV starts its invasion with the attachment and entry into the respiratory tract epithelial cells via angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptors on the epithelial cells. The critical problem with 2019-nCoV is its ability in human to the human asymptomatic transmission which causes the rapid and hidden spread of the virus among the population. Also, there are several reports of highly variable and tightly case-dependent clinical manifestations caused by SARS-CoV2, which made the virus more enigmatic. The clinical symptoms are varied from common manifestations which occurred in flu and cold, such as cough, fever, body-ache, trembling, and runny nose to severe conditions, like the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) or even uncommon/unusual symptoms such as anosmia, skin color change, and stroke. In fact, besides serious injuries in the respiratory system, COVID-19 invades and damages various organs, including the kidney, liver, gastrointestinal, and nervous system. Accordingly, to cut the transmission chain of disease and control the infection spread. One of the major solutions seems to be early detection of the carriers, particularly the asymptomatic people with the help of sensitive and accurate diagnostic techniques. Moreover, developing novel and appropriate therapeutic approaches will contribute to the suitable management of the pandemic. Therefore, there is an urgent necessity to make comprehensive investigations and study reviews about COVID-19, offering the latest findings of novel therapies, drugs, epidemiology, and routes of virus transmission and pathogenesis. In this review, we discuss new therapeutic outcomes and cover and the most significant aspects of COVID-19, including the epidemiology, biological features, organs failure, and diagnostic techniques.

scholarly journals A Mini Review: The Potential Biomarkers for Non-invasive Diagnosis of Pulpal Inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brahmleen Kaur ◽  
Yoshifumi Kobayashi ◽  
Carla Cugini ◽  
Emi Shimizu
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Diagnostic Methods ◽  
Diagnostic Tools ◽  
Non Invasive ◽  
Promising Tool ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Vital Pulp Therapy ◽  
Pulp Exposure ◽  
Detection Of Biomarkers ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

For assessing the adequacy of vital pulp therapy for an inflamed pulp, the use of non-invasive diagnostic tools is necessary to avoid further damage to the teeth. Detection of biomarkers that are indicative of the inflammatory status in pulp can be a promising tool for this purpose. These biomarkers need to be reliably correlated with pulpal inflammation and to be easily detected without pulp exposure. This mini-review article aims to review biomarkers that are present in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) in inflamed pulp conditions. Several studies have reported the availability of various biomarkers including cytokines, proteases, elastase, neuropeptides, and growth factors. Non-invasive pulpal diagnostic methods will be useful as well to determine reversibility, irreversibility, or necrosis of inflamed pulp. These types of molecular diagnoses via analyzing the proteome have revolutionized the medical field, and are one of the most promising empirical methodologies that a clinician can utilize for the proactive identification of pulpal disease.

scholarly journals Porphyromonas gingivalis Fimbria-Induced Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Mouse Macrophages and Its Inhibition by the Bioactive Compounds Fibronectin and Melatonin

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Murakami ◽  
Mamoru Machino ◽  
Seiichiro Fujisawa
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) fimbriae, in addition to lipopolysaccharide, are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. At the same time, bioactive compounds such as fibronectin (FN) and melatonin in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid have been reported to exert a preventive effect against periodontitis. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the potent inhibitory effects of FN and melatonin against Pg fimbria-induced induction of proinflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and NF-kappa B activation in mouse macrophages and discuss their possible clinical application for prevention of periodontal diseases induced by oral bacteria.

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