scholarly journals Porphyromonas gingivalis Fimbria-Induced Expression of Inflammatory Cytokines and Cyclooxygenase-2 in Mouse Macrophages and Its Inhibition by the Bioactive Compounds Fibronectin and Melatonin

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yukio Murakami ◽  
Mamoru Machino ◽  
Seiichiro Fujisawa
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Cyclooxygenase 2 ◽  
Nf Kappa B ◽  
Mouse Macrophages ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Porphyromonas gingivalis (Pg) fimbriae, in addition to lipopolysaccharide, are involved in the pathogenesis of periodontal disease. At the same time, bioactive compounds such as fibronectin (FN) and melatonin in saliva and gingival crevicular fluid have been reported to exert a preventive effect against periodontitis. Here, we review current knowledge regarding the potent inhibitory effects of FN and melatonin against Pg fimbria-induced induction of proinflammatory cytokines, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression, and NF-kappa B activation in mouse macrophages and discuss their possible clinical application for prevention of periodontal diseases induced by oral bacteria.

scholarly journals Porphyromonas gingivalis proteinases in periodontitis, a review.

1996 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 455-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
J Potempa ◽  
J Travis
Keyword(s):  
Porphyromonas Gingivalis ◽  
Catalytic Domain ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Proteolytic Enzymes ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Proteolytic Processing ◽  
Tissue Destruction ◽  
Single Chain ◽  
Neutrophil Accumulation ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Porphyromonas gingivalis has been closely associated with the initiation and progression of some forms of periodontal diseases and its proteolytic enzymes have been implicated in invasion, tissue destruction and evasion of host antibacterial defenses. Recently, the primary focus of research has been on cysteine proteinases, referred to as gingipain R and gingipain K which are produced in large quantities and are directly involved in pathological events during development and progression of periodontitis, contributing to clinical hallmarks of the disease including: flow of gingival crevicular fluid, neutrophil accumulation and bleeding on probing. Gingipain R exists as 110-, 95-, 70- to 90- and 50-kDa proteins, the first two being a complex of the 50-kDa catalytic subunit with hemagglutinin/adhesins, with or without an added membrane anchorage peptide. The other forms are single-chain enzymes. The predominant form of gingipain K in P. gingivalis strains is a complex of a 60-kDa catalytic protein with hemagglutinin/adhesins. Molecular cloning and structural characterization of the gingipain R and gingipain K genes has shown that they code for 1704 and 1722 amino-acid residue preproenzymes, respectively. Although both structures show no similarity within the preprofragment and only limited identity within the catalytic domain (27%) they are essentially identical within the putative hemagglutinin/adhesin domain. Furthermore, on the basis of gene structure it is now apparent that various soluble and membrane bound forms of gingipains are derived through proteolytic processing of the preproenzymes, and it can be assumed that the Arg-X-specific enzyme is responsible for this processing.

scholarly journals Are Proteinase 3 and Cathepsin C Enzymes Related to Pathogenesis of Periodontitis?

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oya Türkoğlu ◽  
Elif Azarsız ◽  
Gülnur Emingil ◽  
Necil Kütükçüler ◽  
Gül Atilla
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Aggressive Periodontitis ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Proteinase 3 ◽  
Cathepsin C ◽  
Probing Depth ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Aim. Cathepsin C is the activator of the polymorphonuclear leukocyte-derived proteinase 3, which contributes to inflammatory processes. The aim of the present study was to investigate gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) proteinase 3 and cathepsin C levels in periodontal diseases.Design. Eighteen patients with chronic periodontitis (CP), 20 patients with generalized aggressive periodontitis (G-AgP), 20 patients with gingivitis, and 18 healthy subjects were included in the study. Periodontal parameters including probing depth, clinical attachment level, papilla bleeding index, and plaque index were assessed in all study subjects. GCF proteinase 3 and cathepsin C levels were analyzed by ELISA.Results. GCF proteinase 3 total amount was significantly higher in diseased groups compared to control group, after adjusting ageP<0.05. No differences were found in GCF cathepsin C levels among the study groupsP>0.05. Periodontal parameters of sampling sites were positively correlated with GCF proteinase 3 total amountsP<0.01but not with cathepsin C total amountsP>0.05.Conclusions. Elevated levels of GCF proteinase 3 in CP, G-AgP, and gingivitis might suggest that proteinase 3 plays a role during inflammatory periodontal events in host response. However, cathepsin C in GCF does not seem to have an effect on the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

Diagnosis of Periodontal Diseases: Reaction Paper

1991 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.J. Novak
Keyword(s):  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Diagnostic Techniques ◽  
Disease States ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Biochemical Analyses ◽  
Clinical Measurements ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Technological Improvements

With the recent description of 12 different forms and sub-forms of periodontitis by the World Workshop in Clinical Periodontics (1989), increased emphasis has been placed on diagnosis. Dr. Ranney's review addressed the specificity and sensitivity of current diagnostic tests with respect to their ability to differentiate between health and disease and between the individual disease states. Although considerable microbiologic and immunologic data have been accumulated in the past decade, very little of this information has proved to be sufficiently sensitive to be of use in differential diagnosis. Clinical measurements provide us with an insensitive, retrospective analysis of what has already occurred but allow us to diagnose disease based on its natural history. Measures of attachment levels, by use of conventional probes, are only sufficiently sensitive indicators of periodontitis when as much as 20-30% of attachment has already been lost. Current technological improvements in probing measurements and radiographic assessment may increase sensitivity in this area. Future improvements in diagnostic techniques will occur with the advent of sensitive biochemical analyses of gingival crevicular fluid. These assays will provide a more objective analysis of inflammation and, in time, will provide sufficient sensitivity to allow for differentiation between and among the various forms of periodontal disease. Future directions in diagnosis will focus on the identification of disease-susceptible individuals and the prediction of future periodontal breakdown.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of Antimicrobial Activity of Minocycline Formulations for Topical Application in Periodontal Therapy

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 352
Author(s):  
Jan-Luca Schmid ◽  
Martin Kirchberg ◽  
Sandra Sarembe ◽  
Andreas Kiesow ◽  
Anton Sculean ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Oral Bacteria ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Lipid Complex ◽  
Colony Forming Units ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Periodontal therapy using antimicrobials that are topically applied requires slow or controlled release devices. The in vitro antimicrobial activity of biodegradable polymer formulations that contain a new minocycline lipid complex (P-MLC) was evaluated. The new P-MLC formulations that contained 11.5% minocycline were compared with pure minocycline or an existing commercial formulation, which included determination of minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values against two oral bacteria and activity on six-species periodontal biofilm. Moreover, the flow of gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) was modeled up to 42 days and the obtained eluates were tested both for MIC values and inhibiting biofilm formation. In general, MICs of the P-MLC formulations were slightly increased as compared with pure minocycline. Biofilm formation was clearly inhibited by all tested formulations containing minocycline with no clear difference between them. In 3.5 day old biofilms, all formulations with 250 µg/mL minocycline decreased bacterial counts by 3 log10 and metabolic activity with no difference to pure antimicrobials. Eluates of experimental formulations showed superiority in antimicrobial activity. Eluates of one experimental formulation (P503-MLC) still inhibited biofilm formation at 28 days, with a reduction by 1.87 log10 colony forming units (CFU) vs. the untreated control. The new experimental formulations can easily be instilled in periodontal pockets and represent alternatives in local antimicrobials, and thus warrant further testing.

scholarly journals Gingival Crevicular Fluid and Serum Cystatin C Levels in Periodontal Health and Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 101-107 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anuj Sharma ◽  
A. R. Pradeep ◽  
N. M. Raghavendra ◽  
P. Arjun ◽  
Rahul Kathariya
Keyword(s):  
Cystatin C ◽  
Chronic Periodontitis ◽  
Gingival Crevicular Fluid ◽  
Therapy Group ◽  
Periodontal Diseases ◽  
Periodontal Therapy ◽  
Periodontal Health ◽  
Healthy Group ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Crevicular Fluid

Cystatin C (CSTC) is an inhibitor of cysteine proteinases and could play a protective and regulatory role under inflammatory conditions. The present study was designed to assess the concentration of CSTC in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and serum, to find out their association if any, in periodontal health and disease. 30 subjects were selected divided into 3 groups consisting of 10 subjects in each group based on clinical parameters: periodontally healthy group, gingivitis group and chronic periodontitis group, while, chronic periodontitis group after 8 weeks of the treatment (scaling and root planing) constituted after periodontal therapy group. GCF and serum samples were collected from all subjects to estimate the levels of CSTC by ELISA. The mean CSTC concentration in GCF and serum was observed to be the highest in periodontitis group and lowest in periodontally healthy group with intermediate concentration in gingivitis group and after periodontal therapy group. CSTC concentration in GCF and serum increased proportionally with the severity of periodontal disease (from health to periodontitis group) and decreased after treatment. This suggests that CSTC increases with disease progression to prevent further periodontal degeneration and decreases after treatment due to bone metabolic homeostasis. Further, longitudinal prospective studies involving larger population are needed to confirm the findings of present study and to better understand the role of CSTC in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases.

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