scholarly journals Pulsed Electrodeposition for Copper Nanowires

Crystals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 218 ◽  
Author(s):  
Duc-Thinh Vuong ◽  
Ha-My Hoang ◽  
Nguyen-Hung Tran ◽  
Hyun-Chul Kim
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Transparent Electrode ◽  
Pulse Frequency ◽  
Transparent Conductors ◽  
Copper Nanowires ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Promising Alternative ◽  
Flexible Polymer

Copper nanowires (Cu NWs) are a promising alternative to indium tin oxide (ITO), for use as transparent conductors that exhibit comparable performance at a lower cost. Furthermore, Cu NWs are flexible, a property not possessed by ITO. However, the Cu NW-based transparent electrode has a reddish color and tends to deteriorate in ambient conditions due to the oxidation of Cu. In this paper, we propose a pulsed-current (PC) plating method to deposit nickel onto the Cu NWs in order to reduce oxidation over a 30-day period, and to minimize the sheet resistance. Additionally, the effects of the pulse current, duty cycle, and pulse frequency on the performance of the Cu–Ni (copper–nickel) NW films have also been investigated. As a result, the reddish color of the electrode was eliminated, as oxidation was completely suppressed, and the sheet resistance was reduced from 35 Ω/sq to 27 Ω/sq. However, the transmittance decreased slightly from 86% to 76% at a wavelength of 550 nm. The Cu–Ni NW electrodes also exhibited excellent long-term cycling stability after 6000 bending cycles. Our fabricated Cu–Ni electrodes were successfully applied in flexible polymer-dispersed liquid crystal smart windows.

scholarly journals Using Dual Microresonant Cavity and Plasmonic Effects to Enhance the Photovoltaic Efficiency of Flexible Polymer Solar Cells

Nanomaterials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 944 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wenfei Shen ◽  
Guoqing Zhao ◽  
Xiaolin Zhang ◽  
Fanchen Bu ◽  
Jungheum Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Active Layer ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Light Harvesting ◽  
Polymer Solar Cells ◽  
Sio2 Nanoparticles ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Photoactive Polymers ◽  
Plasmonic Effects

Fabricating polymer solar cells (PSCs) on flexible polymer substrates, instead of on hard glass, is attractive for implementing the advantage and uniqueness of the PSCs represented by mechanically rollable and light-weight natures. However, simultaneously achieving reliable robustness and high-power conversion efficiency (PCE) in such flexible PSCs is still technically challenging due to poor light harvesting of thin photoactive polymers. In this work, we report a facile, effective strategy for improving the light-harvesting performance of flexible PSCs without sacrificing rollability. Very high transparent (93.67% in 400–800 nm) and low sheet resistance (~10 Ω sq−1) ZnO/Ag(O)/ZnO electrodes were implemented as the flexible substrates. In systematically comparison with ZnO/Ag/ZnO electrodes, small amount of oxygen induced continuous metallic films with lower thickness, which resulted in higher transmittance and lower sheet resistance. To increase the light absorption of thin active layer (maintain the high rollability of active layer), a unique platform simultaneously utilizing both a transparent electrode configuration based on an ultrathin oxygen-doped Ag, Ag(O), and film and plasmonic Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles were designed for fully leveraging the advantages of duel microresonant cavity and plasmonic effects to enhance light absorbance in photoactive polymers. A combination of the ZnO/Ag(O)/ZnO electrode and Ag@SiO2 nanoparticles significantly increased the short-current density of PSCs to 17.98 mA cm−2 with enhancing the photoluminescence of PTB7-Th film. The flexible PSC using the optimized configuration provided an average PCE of 8.04% for flexible PSCs, which was increased by 36.27% compared to that of the PSC merely using a conventional transparent indium tin oxide electrode.

Low Resistance Transparent Electrode

2014 ◽  
Vol 490-491 ◽  
pp. 271-273
Author(s):  
So Hyun Jeong ◽  
Ju Youn Kim ◽  
Eui Jung Yun ◽  
Byung Seong Bae
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Incident Light ◽  
Transparent Electrode ◽  
Transparent Electrodes ◽  
Low Resistance ◽  
Metal Material ◽  
The Many

Transparent electrodes are used widely for the many kinds of devices. The most widely used material is ITO (indium tin oxide). The attempts to improve the resistance and flexibility have been tried. The low resistance can be achieved by increasing the thickness of the ITO; however, the increase of the thickness results in the decrease of the transmittance of the incident light. Therefore,decrease of the resistance is required without increase of the thickness. We investigated the effect of the metal material on the resistance of the transparent electrode. After deposition of the metal on the ITO, we investigated the resistance of the electrode after annealing. The lowest sheet resistance was obtained for the metal Mo after 500 °C annealing. The sheet resistance 25.6 Ω/ of the ITO was decreased to 9.6 Ω/ without any significant decrease of the transmittance.

scholarly journals Research Progress of Transparent Electrode Materials with Sandwich Structure

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (15) ◽  
pp. 4097
Author(s):  
Li-Hao Qin ◽  
Yong-Qi Yan ◽  
Gan Yu ◽  
Zhao-Yi Zhang ◽  
Tuofu Zhama ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Electrode Materials ◽  
Electronic Devices ◽  
Clean Energy ◽  
Transparent Electrode ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Fossil Energy

The nonrenewable nature of fossil energy has led to a gradual decrease in reserves. Meanwhile, as society becomes increasingly aware of the severe pollution caused by fossil energy, the demand for clean energy, such as solar energy, is rising. Moreover, in recent years, electronic devices with screens, such as mobile phones and computers, have had increasingly higher requirements for light transmittance. Whether in solar cells or in the display elements of electronic devices, transparent conductive films directly affect the performance of these devices as a cover layer. In this context, the development of transparent electrodes with low sheet resistance and high light transmittance has become one of the most urgent issues in related fields. At the same time, conventional electrodes can no longer meet the needs of some of the current flexible devices. Because of the high sheet resistance, poor light transmittance, and poor bending stability of the conventional tin-doped indium tin oxide conductive film and fluorine-doped tin oxide transparent conductive glass, there is a need to find alternatives with better performance. In this article, the progress of research on transparent electrode materials with sandwich structures and their advantages is reviewed according to the classification of conductive materials to provide reference for research in related fields.

scholarly journals Spray Deposition of Ag Nanowire–Graphene Oxide Hybrid Electrodes for Flexible Polymer–Dispersed Liquid Crystal Displays

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (11) ◽  
pp. 2231 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumi Choi ◽  
Chang Kim ◽  
Sungjin Jo
Keyword(s):  
Optical Properties ◽  
Graphene Oxide ◽  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Spray Deposition ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Flexible Polymer ◽  
Polymer Dispersed

We investigated the effect of different spray-coating parameters on the electro-optical properties of Ag nanowires (NWs). Highly transparent and conductive Ag NW–graphene oxide (GO) hybrid electrodes were fabricated by using the spray-coating technique. The Ag NW percolation network was modified with GO and this led to a reduced sheet resistance of the Ag NW–GO electrode as the result of a decrease in the inter-nanowire contact resistance. Although electrical conductivity and optical transmittance of the Ag NW electrodes have a trade-off relationship, Ag NW–GO hybrid electrodes exhibited significantly improved sheet resistance and slightly decreased transmittance compared to Ag NW electrodes. Ag NW–GO hybrid electrodes were integrated into smart windows based on polymer-dispersed liquid crystals (PDLCs) for the first time. Experimental results showed that the electro-optical properties of the PDLCs based on Ag NW–GO electrodes were superior when compared to those of PDLCs based on only Ag NW electrodes. This study revealed that the hybrid Ag NW–GO electrode is a promising material for manufacturing the large-area flexible indium tin oxide (ITO)-free PDLCs.

Flexible high performance hybrid AZO/Ag-nanowire/AZO sandwich structured transparent conductors for flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cell applications

2016 ◽  
Vol 4 (18) ◽  
pp. 6980-6988 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wen-Chi Tsai ◽  
Stuart R. Thomas ◽  
Cheng-Hung Hsu ◽  
Yu-Chen Huang ◽  
Jiun-Yi Tseng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Solar Cells ◽  
Solar Cell ◽  
Tin Oxide ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Transparent Electrode ◽  
Transparent Conductors ◽  
Ag Nanowire

We report on the fabrication of a robust and flexible transparent electrode to replace costly and fragile indium tin oxide used in flexible Cu(In,Ga)Se2 solar cells.

Enhancement of Characteristics of Transparent Conductive Electrode on Flexible Substrate by Combination of Solution-Based Oxide and Metallic Layers

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (10) ◽  
pp. 7997-8003 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sung-Jei Hong ◽  
Yong-Hoon Kim ◽  
Seung-Jae Cha ◽  
Yong-Sung Kim
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Stability ◽  
Sheet Resistance ◽  
Flexible Electronics ◽  
Indium Tin Oxide ◽  
Silver Nanowires ◽  
Flexible Substrate ◽  
Optical Transmittance ◽  
Transparent Conductors ◽  
Transparent Conductor ◽  
Transparent Conductive Electrode

This study investigates solution-processed transparent conductors with hybrid structure consisting of silver nanowires (AgNWs) and indium-tin-oxide nanoparticles (ITO-NPs) layers fabricated on polymeric flexible polyethylene terephthalate (PET) substrate. The transparent conductors had stacked structures of AgNWs/ITO-NPs on 125-μm-thick PET and ITO-NPs/AgNWs/ITO-NPs on 125-μm-thick PET, 188-μm-thick PET, or 700-μm-thick glass substrate, respectively. Successful integrations were possible on the substrates without any deformation or distortion. Sheet resistance of the triplelayered transparent conductor samples exhibits low values ranging from 22.41 Ω/□ to 22.99 Ω/□. Also, their optical transmittance exhibits high values ranging from 83.78 to 87.29% at 550 nm. The triple-layered transparent conductor showed a good thermal stability in terms of sheet resistance and optical transmittance against the high-temperature environment up to 250 °C. All the double and triple-layered transparent conductors fabricated on PET and glass substrates are so stable against the accelerated thermal aging from 110 °C to 130 °C, that ΔR/R0 and ΔT550/T0550 values exhibit less than 0.068 and 0.049, respectively. Furthermore, the layers are so flexible that ΔR/R0 of the layers on PET substrates is lower than 0.1 even at 4.0-mm bending. Especially, triple-layered transparent conductor on 125-μm-thick PET substrates exhibits ΔR/R0 value of 0.042 even at 4.0 mm bending. Thus, it can be concluded that the hybrid structures have the advantage of both thermal stability and flexibility for electrical and optical properties of transparent conductive electrode; which makes them highly applicable in flexible electronics.

Yttrium Oxyhydrides for Photochromic Applications: Correlating Composition and Optical Response

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitrii Moldarev ◽  
Elbruz M. Baba ◽  
Marcos V. Moro ◽  
Chang C. You ◽  
Smagul Zh. Karazhanov ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medical Devices ◽  
Ternary Diagram ◽  
Optical And Electrical Properties ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Elastic Recoil ◽  
Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis ◽  
Photochromic Properties ◽  
Smart Windows ◽  
Elastic Recoil Detection ◽  
Detection Analysis

It has been recently demonstrated that yttrium oxyhydride(YHO) films can exhibit reversible photochromic properties when exposed to illumination at ambient conditions. This switchable optical propertyenables their utilization in many technological applications, such as smart windows, sensors, goggles, medical devices, etc. However, how the composition of the films affects their optical properties is not fully clear and therefore demands a straightforward investigation. In this work, the composition of YHO films manufactured by reactive magnetron sputtering under different conditions is deduced in a ternary diagram from Time-of-Flight Elastic Recoil Detection Analysis (ToF-ERDA). The results suggest that stable compounds are formed with a specificchemical formula – YH<sub>2-δ</sub>O<sub>δ</sub>. In addition, optical and electrical properties of the films are investigated, and a correlation with their compositions is established. The corresponding photochromic response is found in a specific oxygen concentration range (0.45 < δ < 1.5) with maximum and minimum of magnitude on the lower and higher border, respectively.

Vanadium dioxide for thermochromic smart windows in ambient conditions

2021 ◽  
pp. 100827
Author(s):  
Nan Shen ◽  
Shi Chen ◽  
Runqing Huang ◽  
Jiaqi Huang ◽  
Jingyi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vanadium Dioxide ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Smart Windows
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