scholarly journals Update on Metabolic Bariatric Surgery for Morbidly Obese Adolescents

Children ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 372
Author(s):  
Holger Till ◽  
Oliver Mann ◽  
Georg Singer ◽  
Susann Weihrauch-Blüher
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Children And Adolescents ◽  
Lifestyle Changes ◽  
Controversial Issue ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Public Attention ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Co Morbidity

Despite worldwide public attention and intense medical efforts, the prevalence of severe morbid obesity in children and adolescents is still rising. Similar to adults, excess adipose tissue triggers multiple immunological and metabolic pathways leading to serious co-morbidities such as impaired glucose tolerance or even type 2 diabetes (T2D), dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and hyperuricemia. The management of severe childhood obesity requires a life-long multidisciplinary approach with a combination of lifestyle changes, nutrition, and medications. Standardized life-style intervention programs remain the first-line treatment for morbid obese children and adolescents, but unfortunately reveal limited long-term success. In such cases, metabolic bariatric surgery (MBS) has evolved from being a controversial issue to being included in distinct recommendations. According to the American Society for Metabolic and Bariatric Surgery (ASMBS) Pediatric Committee, indications for bariatric surgery in adolescence must follow very strict criteria. Adolescents with class II obesity (BMI > 120% of the 95th percentile) and a diagnosed co-morbidity or with class III obesity (BMI ≥ 140% of the 95th percentile) should be considered for MBS. These interventions represent high-risk operations, and adolescents should be treated in specialized, multidisciplinary high-volume obesity centers with long-term follow-up programs. The Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) remains the gold standard of all malabsorptive procedures. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG), which the authors pioneered as a stand-alone procedure in morbidly obese adolescents in 2008, has become the most commonly performed operation in morbidly obese adolescents at present. Recent literature proves that MBS is safe and effective in morbidly obese adolescents. Mid-term data have revealed significant improvement or even resolution of major co-morbidities. Thus, MBS for the treatment of morbidly obese adolescents has evolved from being a controversial issue to being included in distinct recommendations by several medical societies as a therapeutic strategy to reduce severe co-morbidities potentially causing end-organ damage in adulthood.

Bariatric surgery in morbidly obese adolescents: long-term follow-up

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (S1) ◽  
pp. 65-69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kurt Widhalm ◽  
Maria Fritsch ◽  
Harald Widhalm ◽  
Gerd Silberhumer ◽  
Sabine Dietrich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Long Term Follow Up

scholarly journals Physical and Psychological Effects of Bariatric Surgery on Obese Adolescents: A Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cherie A. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Hormonal Changes ◽  
Obese Adolescents ◽  
Co Morbidity ◽  
Bidirectional Relationship ◽  
Anxiety Depression ◽  
New Evidence ◽  
Minimal Research ◽  
Term Data

The worldwide obesity crisis is not isolated to adults; rather, obesity in adolescents has reached epidemic levels as well. Bariatric surgery continues to be one of the most effective treatments for obesity, both in adults and adolescents, with new evidence continually emerging; however, research surrounding outcomes of these procedures in younger patients is limited in comparison with data available for adults. Further, it is important to examine psychological aspects of obesity in adolescents, as well as effects of surgery on mental health endpoints. Conditions such as anxiety, depression, anger, and disruptive behavior show increased prevalence among obese adolescents, but minimal research exists to examine changes in such conditions following bariatric surgery. Additionally, there is growing evidence of a bidirectional relationship between sleep (quality; disorders) and the development of obesity, and the effects of this relationship are particularly pronounced in the vulnerable adolescent population. This review aims to compile and discuss the results of literature within the last 5 years with regard to overall efficacy of bariatric surgery specifically in adolescent patients in terms of weight and body mass index (BMI) reduction, hormonal changes, and co-morbidity resolution, as well as data surrounding sleep and psychological outcomes. Race, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status were also examined. From this review, we conclude that current research supports bariatric surgery in adolescents as an effective method of treatment for obesity and related co-morbidities; however, minimal long-term data exists to adequately assess efficacy and trends into adulthood. These areas are ripe for future study.

Long-Term Outcome of Bariatric Surgery in Morbidly Obese Adolescents: a Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of 950 Patients with a Minimum of 3 years Follow-Up

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (12) ◽  
pp. 3110-3117 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Shoar ◽  
Habibollah Mahmoudzadeh ◽  
Mohammad Naderan ◽  
Shahram Bagheri-Hariri ◽  
Catherine Wong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Term Outcome ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Obese Adolescents

scholarly journals Caspase-Cleaved Keratin 18 Measurements Identified Ongoing Liver Injury after Bariatric Surgery

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1233
Author(s):  
Felix Hempel ◽  
Martin Roderfeld ◽  
Lucas John Müntnich ◽  
Jens Albrecht ◽  
Ziya Oruc ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Liver Injury ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Laboratory Parameters ◽  
Nafld Fibrosis Score ◽  
Keratin 18 ◽  
One Year

Bariatric surgery has emerged as an effective treatment option in morbidly obese patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). However, worsening or new onset of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and fibrosis have been observed. Caspase-cleaved keratin 18 (ccK18) has been established as a marker of hepatocyte apoptosis, a key event in NASH development. Thus, ccK18 measurements might be feasible to monitor bariatric surgery patients. Clinical data and laboratory parameters were collected from 39 patients undergoing laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass at six timepoints, prior to surgery until one year after the procedure. ccK18 levels were measured and a high-throughput analysis of serum adipokines and cytokines was carried out. Half of the cohort’s patients (20/39) presented with ccK18 levels indicative of progressed liver disease. 21% had a NAFLD-fibrosis score greater than 0.676, suggesting significant fibrosis. One year after surgery, a mean weight loss of 36.87% was achieved. Six and twelve months after surgery, ccK18 fragments were significantly reduced compared to preoperative levels (p < 0.001). Yet nine patients did not show a decline in ccK18 levels ≥ 10% within one year postoperatively, which was considered a response to treatment. While no significant differences in laboratory parameters or ccK18 could be observed, they presented with a greater expression of leptin and fibrinogen before surgery. Consecutive ccK18 measurements monitored the resolution of NAFLD and identified non-responders to bariatric surgery with ongoing liver injury. Further studies are needed to elicit the pathological mechanisms in non-responders and study the potential of adipokines as prognostic markers.

scholarly journals Bariatric Surgery in Cirrhotic Patients: Is It Safe?

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (4) ◽  
pp. 1241-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hafsa Younus ◽  
Amit Sharma ◽  
Rosa Miquel ◽  
Alberto Quaglia ◽  
Subba Rao Kanchustambam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Postoperative Complications ◽  
Length Of Stay ◽  
Class Iii ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Long Term Outcome ◽  
Bariatric Patients ◽  
Cirrhotic Patients

Abstract Introduction Ten percent of cirrhotic patients are known to have a high risk of postoperative complications. Ninety percent of bariatric patients suffer from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and 50% of them may develop non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) which can progress to cirrhosis. The aim of this study was to assess whether the presence of cirrhosis at the time of bariatric surgery is associated with an increased rate and severity of short- and long-term cirrhotic complications. Methods A cohort of 110 bariatric patients, between May 2003 and February 2018, who had undergone liver biopsy at the time of bariatric surgery were reassessed for histological outcome and divided into two groups based on the presence (C, n = 26) or absence (NC, n = 84) of cirrhosis. The NC group consisted of NASH (n = 49), NAFLD (n = 24) and non-NAFLD (n = 11) liver histology. Medical notes were retrospectively assessed for patient characteristics, development of 30-day postoperative complications, severity of complications (Clavien-Dindo (CD) classification) and length of stay. The C group was further assessed for long-term cirrhosis-related outcomes. Results The C group was older (52 years vs 43 years) and had lower BMI (46 kg/m2 vs 52 kg/m2) and weight (126 kg vs 145 kg) compared to the NC group (p < 0.05). The C group had significantly higher overall complication rate (10/26 vs 14/84, p < 0.05) and severity of complications (CD class ≥ III, 12% vs 7%, p < 0.05) when compared to the NC group. The length of stay was similar between the two groups (5 days vs 4 days). The C group had significant improvement in model end-stage liver disease scores (7 vs 6, p < 0.01) with median follow-up of 4.5 years (range 2–11 years). There were no long-term cirrhosis-related complications or mortality in our studied cohort (0/26). Conclusion Bariatric surgery in cirrhotic patients has a higher risk of immediate postoperative complications. Long-term cirrhosis-related complications or mortality was not increased in this small cohort. Preoperative identification of liver cirrhosis may be useful for risk stratification, optimisation and informed consent. Bariatric surgery in well-compensated cirrhotic patients may be used as an aid to improve long-term outcome.

scholarly journals MON-LB101 5-Year Data of an Aggressive Pharmacological Approach to Moderate and Morbid Obesity: Is Prevention of Bariatric Surgery Feasible in the Long Run?

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Flavio Cadegiani
Keyword(s):  
Bariatric Surgery ◽  
Morbid Obesity ◽  
Weight Loss ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Weight Regain ◽  
Morbidly Obese ◽  
Biochemical Profile ◽  
Initial Weight ◽  
Initial Weight Loss

Abstract Background: Maintenance of weight loss in patients that undergo weight loss interventions is highly challenging, irrespective of the type of approach to obesity (whether surgical, pharmacological, or non-pharmacological). We proposed a protocol of an aggressive clinical treatment for obesity aiming to prevent the need of bariatric surgery, in patients unwilling to undergo this procedure, by proposing a protocol that included the combination of different anti-obesity medications and non-pharmacological modalities, for longer duration, and with an active approach to prevent weight regain. Our initial 2-year data showed that 93% (40 of 43 patients) with moderate and morbid obesity were able to avoid the need of bariatric surgery, with concomitant improvements of the biochemical profile. However, whether these patients would maintain their successful rates after five years was uncertain. Our objective is to describe the efficacy and safety of a long term (5-year data) pharmacological and multi-modal treatment for moderate and severe obesity. Methods: The 40 patients that were successful in the two-year approach in our obesity center (Corpometria Institute, Brasilia, DF, Brazil) were enrolled. A long-term anti-obesity protocol was employed, with continuous or intermittent use of anti-obesity drugs, trimestral body composition analysis, psychotherapy, visit to a nutritionist every four months, and both resistance and endurance exercises at least four times a week. Body weight (BW), total weight excess (TWE), body fat, markers of lipid and glucose metabolism, liver function, and inflammation were analyzed. Subjects that dropped out were considered as weight regain. Therapeutic success for the 5-year follow-up included as the maintenance of &gt;20% loss of the initial BW loss, and no weight regain (or &lt; 20% of the initial weight loss). Results: A total of 27 patients (67.5%) were able to maintain the body weight, seven dropped out, and six regained more than 20% of the initial weight loss. Of these, 21 (77.8%) had significant further increase of muscle mass and decrease of fat loss, while 17 (63.0%) had further weight loss (p &lt; 0.05), compared to the 2-year data. Improvements on the biochemical profile persisted in all 27 patients, and had significant further improvements in 24 (88.9%) of these patients. Conclusion: The risk of weight regain five years after a weight loss treatment for obesity was significantly lower compared to previous literature, and comparable to the long-term outcomes of bariatric procedures. An aggressive, structured, and long-term clinical weight loss approach has been shown to be feasible, even for morbidly obese patients.

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