scholarly journals Motor Endplate—Anatomical, Functional, and Molecular Concepts in the Historical Perspective

Cells ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (5) ◽  
pp. 387 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rüdiger Rudolf ◽  
Muzamil Majid Khan ◽  
Veit Witzemann
Keyword(s):  
Cell Biology ◽  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Mutual Benefit ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Research Activities ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Nerve Muscle ◽  
Molecular Components ◽  
Muscle Connectivity

By mediating voluntary muscle movement, vertebrate neuromuscular junctions (NMJ) play an extraordinarily important role in physiology. While the significance of the nerve-muscle connectivity was already conceived almost 2000 years back, the precise cell and molecular biology of the NMJ have been revealed in a series of fascinating research activities that started around 180 years ago and that continues. In all this time, NMJ research has led to fundamentally new concepts of cell biology, and has triggered groundbreaking advancements in technologies. This review tries to sketch major lines of thought and concepts on NMJ in their historical perspective, in particular with respect to anatomy, function, and molecular components. Furthermore, along these lines, it emphasizes the mutual benefit between science and technology, where one drives the other. Finally, we speculate on potential major future directions for studies on NMJ in these fields.

Leukemia Support Groups: How Are They Doing?

1997 ◽  
Vol 4 (5) ◽  
pp. 407-412
Author(s):  
Donna Corwin Moss
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Support Groups ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Cancer Treatments ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
New Concepts ◽  
Sources Of Support ◽  
Practical Impact

Background Support groups help their participants to cope with the emotional and practical impact of their illnesses. Methods The effectiveness of the Leukemia Society of America support groups in enhancing the quality of life for their participants is reviewed. The groundwork, purpose, and structure of such groups, as well as alternate sources of support, are presented. Evaluation and future directions for oncology groupwork are discussed. Results Support groups complement the therapies provided by clinical practitioners and scientists by addressing the additional needs of cancer patients over the course of illness and survival. Conclusions New concepts and methods that address the needs of specific age-groups and incorporate the newly generated data on cancer treatments will further enhance the benefits provided by support groups.

scholarly journals An Innovative Personalised Management Program for Older Adults with Parkinson’s Disease: New Concepts and Future Directions

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 43
Author(s):  
Piyush Varma ◽  
Lakshanaa Narayan ◽  
Jane Alty ◽  
Virginia Painter ◽  
Chandrasekhara Padmakumar
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Older Persons ◽  
Clinical Manifestations ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Older Person ◽  
Care Needs ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
New Concepts

Introduction: Parkinson’s disease is a heterogeneous clinical syndrome. Parkinson’s disease in older persons presents with a diverse array of clinical manifestations leading to unique care needs. This raises the need for the healthcare community to proactively address the care needs of older persons with Parkinson’s disease. Though it is tempting to categorise different phenotypes of Parkinson’s disease, a strong evidence based for the same is lacking. There is considerable literature describing the varying clinical manifestations in old age. This article aims to review the literature looking for strategies in personalising the management of an older person with Parkinson’s disease.

Heart failure and atrial fibrillation: new concepts in pathophysiology, management, and future directions

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grigorios Tsigkas ◽  
Anastasios Apostolos ◽  
Stefanos Despotopoulos ◽  
Georgios Vasilagkos ◽  
Eleftherios Kallergis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Atrial Fibrillation ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
New Concepts

scholarly journals Understanding CD30 biology and therapeutic targeting: a historical perspective providing insight into future directions

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (9) ◽  
pp. e603-e603 ◽  
Author(s):  
C A van der Weyden ◽  
S A Pileri ◽  
A L Feldman ◽  
J Whisstock ◽  
H M Prince
Keyword(s):  
Historical Perspective ◽  
Therapeutic Targeting ◽  
Future Directions ◽  
Insight Into

scholarly journals Regulatory Function of Sympathetic Innervation on the Endo/Lysosomal Trafficking of Acetylcholine Receptor

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tatjana Straka ◽  
Charlotte Schröder ◽  
Andreas Roos ◽  
Laxmikanth Kollipara ◽  
Albert Sickmann ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuromuscular Junction ◽  
Acetylcholine Receptor ◽  
Ribosomal Proteins ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Sympathetic Neurons ◽  
Sympathetic Innervation ◽  
Regulatory Function ◽  
Hindlimb Muscles ◽  
Nerve Muscle

Recent studies have demonstrated that neuromuscular junctions are co-innervated by sympathetic neurons. This co-innervation has been shown to be crucial for neuromuscular junction morphology and functional maintenance. To improve our understanding of how sympathetic innervation affects nerve–muscle synapse homeostasis, we here used in vivo imaging, proteomic, biochemical, and microscopic approaches to compare normal and sympathectomized mouse hindlimb muscles. Live confocal microscopy revealed reduced fiber diameters, enhanced acetylcholine receptor turnover, and increased amounts of endo/lysosomal acetylcholine-receptor-bearing vesicles. Proteomics analysis of sympathectomized skeletal muscles showed that besides massive changes in mitochondrial, sarcomeric, and ribosomal proteins, the relative abundance of vesicular trafficking markers was affected by sympathectomy. Immunofluorescence and Western blot approaches corroborated these findings and, in addition, suggested local upregulation and enrichment of endo/lysosomal progression and autophagy markers, Rab 7 and p62, at the sarcomeric regions of muscle fibers and neuromuscular junctions. In summary, these data give novel insights into the relevance of sympathetic innervation for the homeostasis of muscle and neuromuscular junctions. They are consistent with an upregulation of endocytic and autophagic trafficking at the whole muscle level and at the neuromuscular junction.

scholarly journals Severe muscle wasting and denervation in mice lacking the RNA-binding protein ZFP106

2016 ◽  
Vol 113 (31) ◽  
pp. E4494-E4503 ◽  
Author(s):  
Douglas M. Anderson ◽  
Jessica Cannavino ◽  
Hui Li ◽  
Kelly M. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin R. Nelson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Motor Neurons ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Muscle Wasting ◽  
Rna Binding ◽  
Neuromuscular Junctions ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Rna Binding Protein ◽  
Binding Motif ◽  
Nerve Muscle

Innervation of skeletal muscle by motor neurons occurs through the neuromuscular junction, a cholinergic synapse essential for normal muscle growth and function. Defects in nerve–muscle signaling cause a variety of neuromuscular disorders with features of ataxia, paralysis, skeletal muscle wasting, and degeneration. Here we show that the nuclear zinc finger protein ZFP106 is highly enriched in skeletal muscle and is required for postnatal maintenance of myofiber innervation by motor neurons. Genetic disruption of Zfp106 in mice results in progressive ataxia and hindlimb paralysis associated with motor neuron degeneration, severe muscle wasting, and premature death by 6 mo of age. We show that ZFP106 is an RNA-binding protein that associates with the core splicing factor RNA binding motif protein 39 (RBM39) and localizes to nuclear speckles adjacent to spliceosomes. Upon inhibition of pre-mRNA synthesis, ZFP106 translocates with other splicing factors to the nucleolus. Muscle and spinal cord of Zfp106 knockout mice displayed a gene expression signature of neuromuscular degeneration. Strikingly, altered splicing of the Nogo (Rtn4) gene locus in skeletal muscle of Zfp106 knockout mice resulted in ectopic expression of NOGO-A, the neurite outgrowth factor that inhibits nerve regeneration and destabilizes neuromuscular junctions. These findings reveal a central role for Zfp106 in the maintenance of nerve–muscle signaling, and highlight the involvement of aberrant RNA processing in neuromuscular disease pathogenesis.

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