scholarly journals Hydrothermally Carbonized Waste Biomass as Electrocatalyst Support for α-MnO2 in Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold O. Panganoron ◽  
Jethro Daniel A. Pascasio ◽  
Eugene A. Esparcia ◽  
Julie Anne D. del Rosario ◽  
Joey D. Ocon
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
X Ray

Sluggish kinetics in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) requires low-cost and highly durable electrocatalysts ideally produced from facile methods. In this work, we explored the conversion and utilization of waste biomass as potential carbon support for α-MnO2 catalyst in enhancing its ORR performance. Carbon supports were derived from different waste biomass via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at different temperature and duration, followed by KOH activation and subsequent heat treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were used for morphological, chemical, and structural characterization, which revealed porous and amorphous carbon supports for α-MnO2. Electrochemical studies on ORR activity suggest that carbon-supported α-MnO2 derived from HTC of corncobs at 250 °C for 12 h (CCAC + MnO2 250-12) gives the highest limiting current density and lowest overpotential among the synthesized carbon-supported catalysts. Moreover, CCAC + MnO2 250-12 facilitates ORR through a 4-e‑ pathway, and exhibits higher stability compared to VC + MnO2 (Vulcan XC-72) and 20% Pt/C. The synthesis conditions preserve oxygen functional groups and form porous structures in corncobs, which resulted in a highly stable catalyst. Thus, this work provides a new and cost-effective method of deriving carbon support from biomass that can enhance the activity of α-MnO2 towards ORR.

scholarly journals Highly effective Fe-N-C electrocatalysts toward oxygen reduction reaction originated from 2,6-diaminopyridine

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weixiang Yang ◽  
Shuihua Tang ◽  
Qiankuan Huang ◽  
Qian Zhang ◽  
Zhen Tang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Catalytic Activity ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Photoelectron Spectroscopy ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Onset Potential

Abstract Fe-N-C electrocatalysts have been intensively studied due to their extraordinary catalytic activity toward oxygen reduction reaction (ORR). Here we prepare a Fe-N-C electrocatalyst through cost-effective and nontoxic precursors of 2,6-diaminopyridine (DAP) and FeCl3, where iron ions react with DAP to formed Fe-Nx species first, followed by polymerization and pyrolysis. X-ray diffraction patterns display no obvious Fe2O3 peaks observed in the catalyst as the nominal content of iron addition is less than 10 wt%. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy spectra indicate that the catalyst has rich pyridinic nitrogen, graphitic nitrogen and Fe-Nx species, which are considered as active sites for ORR. Therefore the catalyst demonstrates an excellent catalytic activity with an onset potential of about 0.96 V, half-wave potential of about 0.84 V, and a limiting current density of 5.8 mA cm-2, better than commercial Pt/C catalyst in an alkaline medium. Furthermore its stability is also much more excellent than that of Pt/C. This work provides a strategy to synthesize universal M-N-C catalysts.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review of Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Nanostructure, activity, mechanism and carbon support in PEM fuel cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1808-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Sui ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Xintong Zhou ◽  
Yuehong Su ◽  
Saffa Riffat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Pt Electrocatalysts ◽  
Activity Mechanism

This paper reviews progress in studies of the mechanism, nanostructure, size effect and carbon supports of Pt electrocatalysts for the ORR.

scholarly journals Relevant Properties of Carbon Support Materials in Successful Fe-N-C Synthesis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Study of Carbon Blacks and Biomass-Based Carbons

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Julia Hülstede ◽  
Dana Schonvogel ◽  
Henrike Schmies ◽  
Peter Wagner ◽  
Frank Schröter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Activated Biomass ◽  
The Impact

Fe-N-C materials are promising non-precious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells and batteries. However, during the synthesis of these materials less active Fe-containing nanoparticles are formed in many cases which lead to a decrease in electrochemical activity and stability. In this study, we reveal the significant properties of the carbon support required for the successful incorporation of Fe-N-related active sites. The impact of two carbon blacks and two activated biomass-based carbons on the Fe-N-C synthesis is investigated and crucial support properties are identified. Carbon supports having low portions of amorphous carbon, moderate surface areas (>800 m2/g) and mesopores result in the successful incorporation of Fe and N on an atomic level and improved oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. A low surface area and especially amorphous parts of the carbon promote the formation of metallic iron species covered by a graphitic layer. In contrast, highly microporous systems with amorphous carbon provoke the formation of less active iron carbides and carbon nanotubes. Overall, a phosphoric acid activated biomass is revealed as novel and sustainable carbon support for the formation of Fe-Nx sites. Overall, this study provides valuable and significant information for the future development of novel and sustainable carbon supports for Fe-N-C catalysts.

N and S Co-doped Ordered Mesoporous Carbon: An Efficient Electrocatalyst for Oxygen Reduction Reaction in Microbial Fuel Cells

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 625-638
Author(s):  
Leila Samiee ◽  
Sedigheh Sadegh Hassani
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Microbial Fuel Cells ◽  
Carbon Materials ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Carbon Substrate ◽  
Promising Candidate ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Carbon Framework ◽  
Co Doped

Background: Porous carbon materials are promising candidate supports for various applications. In a number of these applications, doping of the carbon framework with heteroatoms provides a facile route to readily tune the carbon properties. The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR), where the reaction can be catalyzed without precious metals is one of the common applications for the heteroatom-doped carbons. Therefore, heteroatom doped catalysts might have a promising potential as a cathode in Microbial fuel cells (MFCs). MFCs have a good potential to produce electricity from biological oxidization of wastes at the anode and chemical reduction at the cathode. To the best of our knowledge, no studies have been yet reported on utilizing Sulfur trioxide pyridine (STP) and CMK-3 for the preparation of (N and S) doped ordered porous carbon materials. The presence of highly ordered mesostructured and the synergistic effect of N and S atoms with specific structures enhance the oxygen adsorption due to improving the electrocatalytic activity. So the optimal catalyst, with significant stability and excellent tolerance of methanol crossover can be a promising candidate for even other storage and conversion devices. Methods: The physico-chemical properties of the prepared samples were determined by Small Angle X-ray Diffraction (SAXRD), N2 sorption-desorption, Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Field Emission Scanning Electron Microscopy (FESEM) and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The prepared samples were further applied for oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and the optimal cathode was tested with the Microbial Fuel Cell (MFC) system. Furthermore, according to structural analysis, The HRTEM, and SAXRD results confirmed the formation of well-ordered hexagonal (p6mm) arrays of mesopores in the direction of (100). The EDS and XPS approved that N and S were successfully doped into the CMK-3 carbon framework. Results: Among all the studied CMK-3 based catalysts, the catalyst prepared by STP precursor and pyrolysis at 900°C exhibited the highest ORR activity with the onset potential of 1.02 V vs. RHE and 4 electron transfer number per oxygen molecule in 0.1 M KOH. The high catalyst durability and fuel-crossover tolerance led to stable performance of the optimal cathode after 5000 s operation, while the Pt/C cathode-based was considerably degraded. Finally, the MFC system with the optimal cathode displayed 43.9 mW·m-2 peak power density showing even reasonable performance in comparison to a Pt/C 20 wt.%.cathode. Conclusions: The results revealed that the synergistic effect of nitrogen and sulfur co-doped on the carbon substrate structure leads to improvement in catalytic activity. Also, it was clearly observed that the porous structure and order level of the carbon substrate could considerably change the ORR performance.

Development of high stable Pt-based ORR catalyst over Mn-modified polyaniline-based carbon nanofiber

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Qingjun Chen ◽  
Jinghua Yu ◽  
Qian Zhou ◽  
Fanghui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The corrosion of carbon support is one of key factors causing deactivation of Pt-based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this work, a highly...

scholarly journals Eco-Friendly Nitrogen-Doped Graphene Preparation and Design for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 3858
Author(s):  
Monica Dan ◽  
Adriana Vulcu ◽  
Sebastian A. Porav ◽  
Cristian Leostean ◽  
Gheorghe Borodi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Machine Learning Algorithms ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Synthesis Conditions ◽  
Characterization Techniques ◽  
Doped Graphene

Four N-doped graphene materials with a nitrogen content ranging from 8.34 to 13.1 wt.% are prepared by the ball milling method. This method represents an eco-friendly mechanochemical process that can be easily adapted for industrial-scale productivity and allows both the exfoliation of graphite and the synthesis of large quantities of functionalized graphene. These materials are characterized by transmission and scanning electron microscopy, thermogravimetry measurements, X-ray powder diffraction, X-ray photoelectron and Raman spectroscopy, and then, are tested towards the oxygen reduction reaction by cyclic voltammetry and rotating disk electrode methods. Their responses towards ORR are analysed in correlation with their properties and use for the best ORR catalyst identification. However, even though the mechanochemical procedure and the characterization techniques are clean and green methods (i.e., water is the only solvent used for these syntheses and investigations), they are time consuming and, generally, a low number of materials can be prepared, characterized and tested. In order to eliminate some of these limitations, the use of regression learner and reverse engineering methods are proposed for facilitating the optimization of the synthesis conditions and the materials’ design. Thus, the machine learning algorithms are applied to data containing the synthesis parameters, the results obtained from different characterization techniques and the materials response towards ORR to quickly provide predictions that allow the best synthesis conditions or the best electrocatalysts’ identification.

scholarly journals Surface X-ray Scattering of Pd(111) and Pd(100) Electrodes during the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

2011 ◽  
Vol 79 (4) ◽  
pp. 256-260 ◽  
Author(s):  
Keita NAITO ◽  
Masashi NAKAMURA ◽  
Osami SAKATA ◽  
Nagahiro HOSHI
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
X Ray Scattering ◽  
Ray Scattering

Ethanol: Tolerant Oxygen Reduction Reaction Catalysts in Alkaline Media

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Chakkrapong Chaiburi ◽  
Bernd Cermenek ◽  
Birgit Elvira Pichler ◽  
Christoph Grimmer ◽  
Viktor Hacker
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
State Of The Art ◽  
Rotating Disk ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Rotating Disk Electrode ◽  
Alkaline Media ◽  
Direct Ethanol Fuel Cells ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Transmission Electron

This paper describes electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) in alkaline direct ethanol fuel cells (ADEFCs), using the non-noble metal electrocatalyst Ag/C, MnO2/C and AgMnO2/C. These electrocatalysts showed tolerance toward ethanol in alkaline media and therefore resistance to ethanol crossover in ADEFCs. Transmission electron microscopy, X-ray spectroscopy (EDX), cyclic voltammetry, and rotating disk electrode (RDE) were employed to determine the morphology, composition, and electrochemical activity of the catalysts. The herein presented results confirm that the AgMnO2/C electrocatalyst significantly outperforms the state-of-the art ORR catalyst platinum.

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