scholarly journals A comprehensive review of Pt electrocatalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction: Nanostructure, activity, mechanism and carbon support in PEM fuel cells

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 1808-1825 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sheng Sui ◽  
Xiaoying Wang ◽  
Xintong Zhou ◽  
Yuehong Su ◽  
Saffa Riffat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Comprehensive Review ◽  
Pt Electrocatalysts ◽  
Activity Mechanism

This paper reviews progress in studies of the mechanism, nanostructure, size effect and carbon supports of Pt electrocatalysts for the ORR.

scholarly journals Relevant Properties of Carbon Support Materials in Successful Fe-N-C Synthesis for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction: Study of Carbon Blacks and Biomass-Based Carbons

Materials ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Julia Hülstede ◽  
Dana Schonvogel ◽  
Henrike Schmies ◽  
Peter Wagner ◽  
Frank Schröter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Amorphous Carbon ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
Significant Information ◽  
Carbon Blacks ◽  
Activated Biomass ◽  
The Impact

Fe-N-C materials are promising non-precious metal catalysts for the oxygen reduction reaction in fuel cells and batteries. However, during the synthesis of these materials less active Fe-containing nanoparticles are formed in many cases which lead to a decrease in electrochemical activity and stability. In this study, we reveal the significant properties of the carbon support required for the successful incorporation of Fe-N-related active sites. The impact of two carbon blacks and two activated biomass-based carbons on the Fe-N-C synthesis is investigated and crucial support properties are identified. Carbon supports having low portions of amorphous carbon, moderate surface areas (>800 m2/g) and mesopores result in the successful incorporation of Fe and N on an atomic level and improved oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) activity. A low surface area and especially amorphous parts of the carbon promote the formation of metallic iron species covered by a graphitic layer. In contrast, highly microporous systems with amorphous carbon provoke the formation of less active iron carbides and carbon nanotubes. Overall, a phosphoric acid activated biomass is revealed as novel and sustainable carbon support for the formation of Fe-Nx sites. Overall, this study provides valuable and significant information for the future development of novel and sustainable carbon supports for Fe-N-C catalysts.

scholarly journals Hydrothermally Carbonized Waste Biomass as Electrocatalyst Support for α-MnO2 in Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Catalysts ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 177 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harold O. Panganoron ◽  
Jethro Daniel A. Pascasio ◽  
Eugene A. Esparcia ◽  
Julie Anne D. del Rosario ◽  
Joey D. Ocon
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Hydrothermal Carbonization ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Limiting Current ◽  
Koh Activation ◽  
Waste Biomass ◽  
Carbon Supports ◽  
X Ray

Sluggish kinetics in oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) requires low-cost and highly durable electrocatalysts ideally produced from facile methods. In this work, we explored the conversion and utilization of waste biomass as potential carbon support for α-MnO2 catalyst in enhancing its ORR performance. Carbon supports were derived from different waste biomass via hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) at different temperature and duration, followed by KOH activation and subsequent heat treatment. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and X-Ray diffraction (XRD) were used for morphological, chemical, and structural characterization, which revealed porous and amorphous carbon supports for α-MnO2. Electrochemical studies on ORR activity suggest that carbon-supported α-MnO2 derived from HTC of corncobs at 250 °C for 12 h (CCAC + MnO2 250-12) gives the highest limiting current density and lowest overpotential among the synthesized carbon-supported catalysts. Moreover, CCAC + MnO2 250-12 facilitates ORR through a 4-e‑ pathway, and exhibits higher stability compared to VC + MnO2 (Vulcan XC-72) and 20% Pt/C. The synthesis conditions preserve oxygen functional groups and form porous structures in corncobs, which resulted in a highly stable catalyst. Thus, this work provides a new and cost-effective method of deriving carbon support from biomass that can enhance the activity of α-MnO2 towards ORR.

Development of high stable Pt-based ORR catalyst over Mn-modified polyaniline-based carbon nanofiber

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hong Zhu ◽  
Qingjun Chen ◽  
Jinghua Yu ◽  
Qian Zhou ◽  
Fanghui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fuel Cells ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Proton Exchange Membrane ◽  
Carbon Nanofiber ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Proton Exchange ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Exchange Membrane

The corrosion of carbon support is one of key factors causing deactivation of Pt-based oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) catalysts for proton exchange membrane fuel cells. In this work, a highly...

Anomalous Size Effect of Pt Ultrathin Nanowires on Oxygen Reduction Reaction

Nano Letters ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhaoyu Yao ◽  
Yuliang Yuan ◽  
Tao Cheng ◽  
Lei Gao ◽  
Tulai Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Size Effect ◽  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Reduction Reaction

scholarly journals Probing the Influence of the Carbon Support on the Activity of Fe-N3/C Model Active Sites for the Oxygen Reduction Reaction

2020 ◽  
Vol 167 (8) ◽  
pp. 084520
Author(s):  
Holly M. Fruehwald ◽  
Iraklii I. Ebralidze ◽  
Peter D. Melino ◽  
Olena V. Zenkina ◽  
E. Bradley Easton
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction Reaction ◽  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Active Sites ◽  
Carbon Support ◽  
Reduction Reaction

scholarly journals Development of Porous Pt Electrocatalysts for Oxygen Reduction and Evolution Reactions

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (10) ◽  
pp. 2398
Author(s):  
Marika Muto ◽  
Mayumi Nagayama ◽  
Kazunari Sasaki ◽  
Akari Hayashi
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Reduction ◽  
Current Density ◽  
Polymer Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Porous Metal ◽  
Pem Fuel Cells ◽  
Reduction Reaction ◽  
Electrolyte Membrane ◽  
Catalyst Layers ◽  
Pt Electrocatalysts ◽  
Pt Black

Porous Pt electrocatalysts have been developed as an example of carbon-free porous metal catalysts in anticipation of polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) fuel cells and PEM water electrolyzers through the assembly of the metal precursor and surfactant. In this study, porous Pt was structurally evaluated and found to have a porous structure composed of connected Pt particles. The resulting specific electrochemical surface area (ECSA) of porous Pt was 12.4 m2 g−1, which was higher than that of commercially available Pt black. Accordingly, porous Pt showed higher oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) and oxygen evolution reaction (OER) activity than Pt black. When the activity was compared to that of a common carbon-supported electrocatalyst, Pt/ketjen black (KB), porous Pt showed a comparable ORR current density (2.5 mA cm−2 at 0.9 V for Pt/KB and 2.1 mA cm−2 at 0.9 V for porous Pt), and OER current density (6.8 mA cm−2 at 1.8 V for Pt/KB and 7.0 mA cm−1 at 1.8 V), even though the ECSA of porous Pt was only one-sixth that of Pt/KB. Moreover, it exhibited a higher durability against 1.8 V. In addition, when catalyst layers were spray-printed on the Nafion® membrane, porous Pt displayed more uniform layers in comparison to Pt black, showing an advantage in its usage as a thin layer.

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