scholarly journals The Fairytale Semantic Differential Technique: A Cross-Cultural Application

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 112
Author(s):  
Victor Petrenko ◽  
Olga Mitina
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Quantitative Indicators

The “Fairytale Semantic Differential” method, in which the respondent assesses several fairytale characters according to a set of personal characteristics, is designed for individual psychological work with children 4–10 years old. Personality characteristics, according to which the characters are evaluated, are formulated in terms understandable to child respondents, i.e., these are words that parents and teachers use when dealing with children of this age. An analysis of the child’s attitude to a certain fairytale character makes it possible to determine the individual properties of his/her moral value sphere. Quantitative indicators that can be calculated on the basis of the data collected by the questionnaire are discussed. These indicators characterize the child’s personality, his/her understanding of interpersonal relationships, the dimensionality of the categorial space of interpersonal perception, the content of these categories and its hierarchy, the level of cognitive development in this domain, and the degree of socialization. The results of an empirical study that was conducted in Moscow, Baku, and Tashkent are presented. Age and sex differences were found in the cognitive complexity of interpersonal perception and socialization. Also, an example of individual semantic space is presented.

scholarly journals Fairytale Semantic Differential Technique: Diagnostic Possibilities

2018 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 41-54 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.F. Petrenko ◽  
O.V. Mitina
Keyword(s):  
Sex Differences ◽  
Cognitive Complexity ◽  
Fairy Tale ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Moral Value ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Semantic Differential Technique

The method “Fairy Semantic Differential”, during which a respondent should assess a number of fairy-tale characters according to a set of personal characteristics, is designed for the individual work of a psychologist with children 4—10 years old.Personality characteristics, according to which the characters are evaluated, are formulated by words that adults use when dealing with children of this age.An analysis of the child’s attitude to characters allows us to determine the specificity of his/her moral-value sphere.Quantitative indicators that can be calculated using the data of the answering the questionnaire are discussed.These indicators characterize the child’s attitudes toward oneself and others, dimension of categorial space of interpersonal perception, content and hierarchy of these categories, the level of cognitive development in this area, the degree of socialization.The results of an empirical study are presented.Age/sex differences in the cognitive complexity of interpersonal perception and socialization were shown.For each indicator normative intervals are calculated.Examples of individual semantic space are presented.

scholarly journals Psychological features of the formation of jury prejudice against the defendant

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 214-221
Author(s):  
Diana Beloded ◽  
Ilya Minenko
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Evaluation Criteria ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Specific Situation ◽  
Criminal Cases ◽  
Psychological Techniques ◽  
Psychological Pressure ◽  
Psychological Knowledge ◽  
The Individual

This article provides a theoretical analysis of the conditions and specifics of the consideration of criminal cases with the participation of jury. The aspect of the provision of psychological influence by the participants in the trial on the jury by means of a system of psychological techniques that form the prejudice of the jury against the defendant is disclosed. Currently, the selection of candidates for jurors does not include psychological evaluation criteria. But, in order to avoid making erroneous decisions by the jury, they need to be prepared to confrontation psychological pressure from opposite sides, to teach them the ability to resist manipulation. During the trial the defense and prosecution parties try to form the attitude of the jury towards the defendant, which corresponds to their position. The methods of forming the convictions of jurors correspond to the modern direction of applied psychology. The degree of awareness of the jury about the evidence examined and the rules for its assessment is a cognitive condition for overcoming the formation of the necessary conviction in the jury, because the defendant and the prosecutor and defense parties of the trial use manipulative techniques as methods of influence, mechanisms of covert control: deception, intimidation, etc. It is advisable, prior to participating in a trial, to give the jury the foundations of the psychological knowledge they need. At the same time, it is hardly realistic, in the existing normative conditions, to form their knowledge of the general laws of the functioning of mental processes, the characteristics of the individual’s activity and his personal characteristics that determine the productivity of the implementation of mental cognitive processes in the framework of a specific situation that has legal significance. But you can pay special attention to the emotional stability of the individual, aggressiveness, introversion, rigidity in the spheres of interpersonal relationships and the resolution of difficult situations of professional activity.

scholarly journals Psychosemantic Reconstruction of Health Concepts in Patients with Somatogenia

2019 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 194-214
Author(s):  
Ksenia Maksymenko ◽  
Olena Kudermina
Keyword(s):  
Self Regulation ◽  
Cognitive Activity ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Conceptual System ◽  
Semantic Differential Method ◽  
The Third ◽  
Number Of Patients ◽  
Subjective Aspect

The article presents the results of study of the subjective psychosemantic space of patients suffering from somatogeny. The construction of a subjective semantic space is fundamentally different from the descriptive researches because it involves an experiment that simulates the certain aspects of linguistic or cognitive activity and allows the reconstruction of the system of values. This is a study of the psychosemantic structure of those semantic structures of consciousness that create a typical conceptual system of self-regulation, forming a normative and actual subjective picture of the own ideas about the health and psychological causes of its violation. On the example of patients with chronic gastroenterological and cardiovascular diseases, the author used the method of semantic differential by Ch. Ozgud with the subsequent factorization of data and has established the basic psycho-semantic parameters of such patients’ consciousness, which allows to understand how people with a certain structure of consciousness fall into the number of patients suffering from psychogeny . The semantic differential method allows us to evaluate the subjective aspect of the meanings associated with content, social settings, stereotypes and other emotionally loaded, structured, and not enough apperceived forms of generalization. The study was conducted in three stages. At the first one was used the adoption of associations. At the second stage was obtained an array of data that represented the result of applying the semantic differential method to the description of the specified categories. The third stage was aimed at working out the received factual data. Through the study, there were obtained the results as three factors. The main factor was called “Score”. The second (partial) bipolar factor absorbed three scales and received the name – antonym to the classical scale of Ch. Osgood “Weakness”. The third (partial) unipolar factor also contains three scales. It received the name “Activity”. The study revealed a number of common features that characterize the partial psychosemantic space of such patients. It was found that the psychosemantic parameters of the psychosemantic space of patients differ by its cognitively-emotional simplicity, low dimensionality, inconsistency and predominance in negative connotations. The psychosemantic structure of consciousness of the patients suffering from psychogeny involves the special efforts of clinical psychologists and psychotherapists in providing targeted psychological support and assistance to such people.

scholarly journals Psychosemantical Approach to Volition Research

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
O Chalikova ◽  
D Kiseleva
Keyword(s):  
Factor Analysis ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Individual Characteristics ◽  
Large Variability ◽  
Professional Activities ◽  
Group Success ◽  
Multidimensional Objects ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Group Object

The research into the ratio of objective and subjective indicators of the volitional qualities of an individual conducted by the Department of General and Social Psychology of the UrFU discovered some limitations of the corresponding approaches to such multidimensional objects as volition. The research into individual semanticfields of the concept of ‘volition’ will make up for the existing methodological gap in that area. The research was conducted in 2017. The sample consisted of 77 students of the Department of Psychology. The semantic differential method in the modification by I.L. Solomin was used as a basis. The list of objects has been changed and expanded according to the tasks of the research. The second method of research is the associative experiment. The results were processed by using the methods of cluster analysis, factor analysis and content analysis. An analysis of individual cluster trees discovered a rather large variability of the semantic relationships between the objects under study. Several sub-groups of respondents were identified according to the individual characteristics of the semantic fields in relation to the object ‘volition’, the sub-group ‘success of activities’, the sub-group ‘personality qualities’, the subgroup ‘negative objects’ and the sub-group ‘object is not defined’. Most students consider volition either as an applied tool of educational or professional activities, or as a self-sufficient personal mechanism. With the help of factor analysis, the features of the affective attitude toward the object ‘volition’ in respect to the sample as a whole are revealed. The associative experiment made it possible to identify the key topic markers that characterize the volition of respondents of different semantic sub-groups. For the sub-group ‘success of activities’, it is ‘power’; it is ‘time’ for the sub-group ‘personality qualities’, in particular, ‘responsibility’; it is ‘firmness’ for the sub-group ‘negative objects’. The psychosemantics approach in studying volition allows us to identify topics that clarify the semantic nuances of the concept of ‘volition’ in the minds of the subjects. The method of the semantic differential and the method of associative experiment are mutually complementary with respect to research into the semantic sphere of a personality. The results obtained provide a necessary part of a comprehensive study of volition and the volitional qualities of aperson. Keywords: volition, volitional qualities, responsibility, students, psychosemantic approach, semantic differential, semantic field, associative experiment, semantic structures of consciousness, representations, individuality, cluster trees, topic markers

Engine Sound Quality Evaluation Using Semantic Differential Method

1992 ◽  
Vol 36 (16) ◽  
pp. 1244-1248 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kuang C. Wei ◽  
Norman C. Otto
Keyword(s):  
Automotive Industry ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Semantic Differential Method ◽  
Passenger Vehicles ◽  
Engine Design ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Acoustic Quality

There is an emerging effort in the automotive industry to explore a new horizon of quality, e.g. sensory comfort, beyond the traditional measure of reliability and durability. This is evidenced by the birth of a new engineering field, referred to here as sensory engineering. The objective is to evaluate and characterize human's feeling and incorporate these findings into the engineering and design of the product. In this paper, engine sounds from various passenger vehicles were examined using this approach. Five sound samples under wide-open-throttle acceleration condition and five under constant speed conditions were evaluated using the semantic differential method. Results showed that subject's perception of these sounds can be very well characterized in a semantic space made of three factor axes. Significant difference of mean factor scores appeared along ‘smooth, reliable, & desirable’, ‘loud/whining’, and ‘special & modern’ axes. These results can be used to refine the engine design to achieve a better acoustic quality of the engine.

The Establishment and Analysis of the Laptop Bag Semantic Space Based on the Semantic Differential Method

2012 ◽  
Vol 201-202 ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Lu Han ◽  
Jian Ming Che ◽  
Xin Ru Wan
Keyword(s):  
Success Probability ◽  
Semantic Differential ◽  
Semantic Space ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Public Acceptance ◽  
The Public ◽  
Semantic Differential Method ◽  
Statistical Measurement ◽  
Component Factor ◽  
Main Component

The user's preferences and views make a profound impaction on the public acceptance of the product. Both can be expressed through the study of product semantic. This article describes the application of semantic differential method to establishment and analysis the laptop bag products semantic space. Through the collection of 60 subjects’ evaluation of 8 laptop bags, the semantic universe is reduced to a collection of 25 adjectives semantic by using of semantic differential method. Semantic axis are defined the main component factor. The influence of subjects’ number in the semantic evaluation results is also studied. The establishment of the semantic space is the first step for introducing emotional performance in products design and interaction, which would increase the success probability of products. This statistical measurement help make decisions in terms of design expression.

The (Mis) Education of Immigrant Children in Today’s America

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 32
Author(s):  
Gabriela E. Gui
Keyword(s):  
General Education ◽  
Immigrant Students ◽  
Geographical Location ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Immigrant Children ◽  
Playing Field ◽  
Survey Interviews ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
General Education Classrooms

In today’s America, not every child starts on a level playing field, and very few children move ahead based solely on hard work or talent. Generational poverty and a lack of cultural capital hold many students back, robbing them of the opportunity to move up professionally and socially. Children of immigrants are especially at-risk because, in addition to facing poverty, race, geographical location or economic disadvantages, they are also confronted with failure due to their limited or non-existent English proficiency. This study focuses on the degree to which teachers in a mid-sized urban school district take into consideration the individual needs of immigrant children in the process of their education. The study also examines the preparation teachers have had to equip them with knowledge of best practices in teaching immigrant children, and the relationship between teachers’ practices, beliefs, and their demographic and personal characteristics (age, gender, years of experience, level of education, etc.). Quantitative data was collected via a survey. Interviews with teachers and one central office administrator provided data for the qualitative section of the study. The findings revealed that teachers, in general, appeared to lack knowledge of specific policies for mainstreaming immigrant students into general education classrooms; their use of effective teaching practices for working with immigrant children were limited; and most of the teachers had not participated actively in professional development that focused on teaching immigrant children.

Organization of Individual Counselling of Children Brought up in Foster Families (on the example of the «Family» Centre»)

2020 ◽  
pp. 42-50
Author(s):  
Aygul Fazlyeva ◽  
Aliya Akhmetshina
Keyword(s):  
Interpersonal Relationships ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Social Situation ◽  
Individual Counseling ◽  
Emotional Instability ◽  
Foster Families ◽  
Individual Counselling ◽  
The Social ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Relationship

Children, brought up in foster families, experience various problems (diffi culties in interpersonal relationships with parents, diffi culties in communicating with peers, emotional instability), which lead to confl icts, quarrels, running away from home, destructive phenomena, etc. One of the eff ective forms of working with children brought up in foster families is individual counselling. Individual counselling is used by various specialists (psychologists, educators, psychotherapists), where a special place is taken by a social educator. His or her activity involves the implementation of social-protective, preventive, educational, informational, advisory functions. In the process of organizing individual counseling, the social educator takes into account the social situation of the family and the child, personal characteristics, social conditions, social and cultural characteristics and the nature of the relationship with the social environment. To organize individual counseling, a social educator needs to master various and eff ective techniques, and take into account a number of recommendations. An analysis of the literature and practical socio-pedagogical experience led to an understanding of the insuffi cient degree of elaboration of this issue. The purpose of this article was the solution to this problem.

Quantitative indicators of air traffic controllers’ attitude to the danger of errors

2020 ◽  
pp. 68-78
Author(s):  
O. M. Reva ◽  
V. V. Kamyshin ◽  
S. P. Borsuk ◽  
V. A. Shulhin ◽  
A. V. Nevynitsyn
Keyword(s):  
Human Factor ◽  
Differential Method ◽  
Air Traffic ◽  
Professional Activity ◽  
Aviation Accidents ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Level Of Significance ◽  
The Individual ◽  
High Level

The negative and persistent impact of the human factor on the statistics of aviation accidents and serious incidents makes proactive studies of the attitude of “front line” aviation operators (air traffic controllers, flight crewmembers) to dangerous actions or professional conditions as a key component of the current paradigm of ICAO safety concept. This “attitude” is determined through the indicators of the influence of the human factor on decision-making, which also include the systems of preferences of air traffic controllers on the indicators and characteristics of professional activity, illustrating both the individual perception of potential risks and dangers, and the peculiarities of generalized group thinking that have developed in a particular society. Preference systems are an ordered (ranked) series of n = 21 errors: from the most dangerous to the least dangerous and characterize only the danger preference of one error over another. The degree of this preference is determined only by the difference in the ranks of the errors and does not answer the question of how much time one error is more dangerous in relation to another. The differential method for identifying the comparative danger of errors, as well as the multistep technology for identifying and filtering out marginal opinions were applied. From the initial sample of m = 37 professional air traffic controllers, two subgroups mB=20 and mG=7 people were identified with statisti-cally significant at a high level of significance within the group consistency of opinions a = 1%. Nonpara-metric optimization of the corresponding group preference systems resulted in Kemeny’s medians, in which the related (middle) ranks were missing. Based on these medians, weighted coefficients of error hazards were determined by the mathematical prioritization method. It is substantiated that with the ac-cepted accuracy of calculations, the results obtained at the second iteration of this method are more ac-ceptable. The values of the error hazard coefficients, together with their ranks established in the preference systems, allow a more complete quantitative and qualitative analysis of the attitude of both individual air traffic controllers and their professional groups to hazardous actions or conditions.

The Role of Normative Information in Judgments of Others

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine H. Rogers
Keyword(s):  
Social Desirability ◽  
Interpersonal Perception ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Average Person ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Source Of Information

When forming impressions of an other’s personality, people often rely on information not directly related to the individual at hand. One source of information that can influence people’s impressions of others is the personality of the average person (i.e., normative profile). This relationship between the normative profile and an impression is called normative accuracy or normativity. In this chapter, you will learn about the average personality, why it is important, the relationship to social desirability and what it means to have a normative impression, as well as correlates and moderators of normativity. More broadly, you will learn about current research and views regarding the normative profile and normative impressions as well as concrete steps for incorporating this approach into your future research on interpersonal perception.

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