scholarly journals Enzymatic Synthesis and Characterization of a Novel α-1→6-Glucosyl Rebaudioside C Derivative Sweetener

Biomolecules ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yang ◽  
Brandon Uhler ◽  
Ted Zheng ◽  
Kristie Adams
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Market Place ◽  
Solubility In Water ◽  
The Third ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Enhanced Solubility ◽  
Food And Beverage

Zero-calorie high-intensity sweeteners from natural sources perform very well in the market place. This has encouraged food scientists to continue the effort to search for novel natural ingredients to satisfy consumer demand. Rebaudioside C (reb C) is the third most prevalent steviol glycoside in the leaves of the Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant, but has limited applications in food and beverage products due to its low sweetness and high lingering bitterness compared to other major steviol glycosides, such as rebaudioside A (reb A). Here we present a new enzyme modification strategy to improve the taste profile of reb C by using Cargill’s propriety enzyme and sucrose as a glucose donor. A novel α-1→6-glucosyl reb C derivative was produced and its structure was elucidated by mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopy. Sensory analysis demonstrated that this new reb C derivative has improved sweetness, reduced bitterness, and enhanced solubility in water.

scholarly journals Characterization of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Accessions Cultived in Southern Brazil

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 353 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felipe Francisco ◽  
Gabriely Pinto Pereira ◽  
Marília Pereira Machado ◽  
Luiz Alberto Kanis ◽  
Cícero Deschamps
Keyword(s):  
Native Species ◽  
Crop Improvement ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Biomass Accumulation ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Market Demand ◽  
Southern Brazil ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Commercially Important

Stevia, a native species of South America, is commercially important as a source of the non-caloric diterpene glycosides stevioside and rebaudioside-A. Although it has been cultivated in southern Brazil, the production is not enough to meet the domestic market demand. This study evaluated biomass accumulation, morphological and physiological characters, and steviol glycosides yield of seven stevia accessions after two cuts. A great variation for the different plant characteristics was found between the first and second cuts. There was a positive correlation between biomass production and SGs content and productivity. The overall Principal Components Analysis results in both cuts indicate that the accessions CE7 and CE14 presented great Reb-A yield, height and lodging (%). The accessions CE4 and CE12 produced high Ste yield and accessions CE6, CE8 and CE9 the highest leaf:stem ratio and low SGs. The stevia accessions showed characteristics of the interest for crop improvement for both biomass and SGs production.

scholarly journals Application of in vitro stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) cultures in obtaining steviol glycoside rich material

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Luwańska ◽  
Aleksandra Perz ◽  
Grażyna Mańkowska ◽  
Karolina Wielgus
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Rich Material

Summary Stevia is a plant attracting attention due to its capability to synthesize a group of chemical compounds with sweet taste, i.e. steviol glycosides. Steviol glycosides are successfully applied as a natural sweetener, and some of them have also therapeutic properties. This paper presents available information on the use of stevia plant tissue cultures with the focus on their potential application in food industry. Detailed analysis was done concerning the research employing in vitro culture techniques and the use of them in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of high importance for the food industry. Both established achievements and most recent publications on stevia were used for assessment of practical applications of the aforementioned techniques and prospects for their development.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Subcritical Water Extraction of Steviol Glycosides From Stevia rebaudiana Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yang ◽  
Brandon Uhler ◽  
Tristan Lipkie
Keyword(s):  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Green Approach

A rapid method that combines microwave heating and subcritical water extraction to extract steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) or stevia leaves was developed and compared to conventional thermal solvent extraction methods. Within only 1 minute after subcritical water condition at 140°C being reached, the yields of major steviol glycoside, rebaudioside A and stevioside, and less polar steviol glucoside, rebaudioside C, from stevia leaves were comparable to conventional extraction method that used 70% ethanol under sonication for 45 minutes. This new hybrid extraction technique may provide a cost-effective and green approach for commercial production of high-purity steviol glycoside sweeteners and their “organic” versions without the use of highly expensive “organic” ethanol.

scholarly journals Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni: The Interaction of Night Interruption on Gas Exchange, Flowering Delay, and Steviol Glycosides Synthesis

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (12) ◽  
pp. 543
Author(s):  
Jesús Antonio Rivera-Avilez ◽  
Alfredo Jarma-Orozco ◽  
Marcelo F. Pompelli
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Net Photosynthesis ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage Industry ◽  
Food And Beverage

The Stevia market is estimated to be USD 1.14 billion in 2028 due to its acceptance in the food and beverage industry. Stevia rebaudiana and its two more relevant edulcorants: stevioside (St) and rebaudioside A (Reb-A) can reach 450-fold sweeter than sucrose. The species is considered a long night plant, promoting flowering and shortening vegetative growth. Thus, to increase the leaf area and St and Reb-A increase, we broke the long night with a short light pulse, here called night interruption (NI). In this study, three NI times and two S. rebaudiana genotypes were tested to promote larger vegetative growth, flowering delay, and higher synthesis of steviol glycosides (SvGly). The main goal of this study was to demonstrate that NI increased net photosynthesis (9% to 20%), the internode length (59%), the leaf area (25%), while delays in 4 to 10 days of the flowering phase, impacting in 17% to 25% more St and Reb-A, respectively. Here we describe an inexpensive flowering delay, elongation of vegetative growth, allowing extended harvesting, which could yield four to five annual harvesting of leaves, increasing the production in 21% to 24% more St and Reb-A yield (kg ha−1).

scholarly journals Transcriptomic Characterization of Nitrate-Enhanced Stevioside Glycoside Synthesis in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana) Bertoni

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (16) ◽  
pp. 8549
Author(s):  
Yuming Sun ◽  
Ting Zhang ◽  
Xiaoyang Xu ◽  
Yongheng Yang ◽  
Haiying Tong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Transcription Factors ◽  
Expression Patterns ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Nitrogen Forms ◽  
Glycoside Synthesis ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Terpenoid Metabolism ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms

Nitrogen forms (nitrate (NO3−) or ammonium (NH4+)) are vital to plant growth and metabolism. In stevia (Stevia rebaudiana), it is important to assess whether nitrogen forms can influence the synthesis of the high-value terpene metabolites-steviol glycosides (SGs), together with the underlying mechanisms. Field and pot experiments were performed where stevia plants were fertilized with either NO3− or NH4+ nutrition to the same level of nitrogen. Physiological measurements suggested that nitrogen forms had no significant impact on biomass and the total nitrogen content of stevia leaves, but NO3−-enhanced leaf SGs contents. Transcriptomic analysis identified 397 genes that were differentially expressed (DEGs) between NO3− and NH4+ treatments. Assessment of the DEGs highlighted the responses in secondary metabolism, particularly in terpenoid metabolism, to nitrogen forms. Further examinations of the expression patterns of SGs synthesis-related genes and potential transcription factors suggested that GGPPS and CPS genes, as well as the WRKY and MYB transcription factors, could be driving N form-regulated SG synthesis. We concluded that NO3−, rather than NH4+, can promote leaf SG synthesis via the NO3−-MYB/WRKY-GGPPS/CPS module. Our study suggests that insights into the molecular mechanism of how SG synthesis can be affected by nitrogen forms.

scholarly journals Catalytic flexibility of rice glycosyltransferase OsUGT91C1 for the production of palatable steviol glycosides

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinzhu Zhang ◽  
Minghai Tang ◽  
Yujie Chen ◽  
Dan Ke ◽  
Jie Zhou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oryza Sativa ◽  
Structural Characterization ◽  
Industrial Production ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Low Levels ◽  
Structural Insights ◽  
Low Calorie Sweetener

AbstractSteviol glycosides are the intensely sweet components of extracts from Stevia rebaudiana. These molecules comprise an invariant steviol aglycone decorated with variable glycans and could widely serve as a low-calorie sweetener. However, the most desirable steviol glycosides Reb D and Reb M, devoid of unpleasant aftertaste, are naturally produced only in trace amounts due to low levels of specific β (1–2) glucosylation in Stevia. Here, we report the biochemical and structural characterization of OsUGT91C1, a glycosyltransferase from Oryza sativa, which is efficient at catalyzing β (1–2) glucosylation. The enzyme’s ability to bind steviol glycoside substrate in three modes underlies its flexibility to catalyze β (1–2) glucosylation in two distinct orientations as well as β (1–6) glucosylation. Guided by the structural insights, we engineer this enzyme to enhance the desirable β (1–2) glucosylation, eliminate β (1–6) glucosylation, and obtain a promising catalyst for the industrial production of naturally rare but palatable steviol glycosides.

Genetic control of rebaudioside A and C concentration in leaves of the sweet herb, Stevia rebaudiana

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Brandle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Additive Gene

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni produces steviol glycoside sweeteners in its leaves that are up to 240 times sweeter than sugar. Understanding the genetic basis of glycoside proportions will aid in their manipulation through plant breeding. The experiments conducted in this study were focused on the genetic control of the proportions of two of those glycosides, rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C. The study was conducted using F2 population from crosses between two sets of parents with divergent glycoside profiles. Segregation in the first set of F2s showed that the presence/absence of rebaudioside A is controlled by a single dominant gene, but that the actual proportions of rebaudioside A may be controlled by multiple loci or alleles. In a second cross, proportions of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C were found to co-segregate and were shown to be controlled by a single additive gene. This result suggests that both rebaudioside A and C are synthesized by the same enzyme. The results were used to propose a model for glycosylation of steviol glycosides. Key words: Diterpene glycoside, genetic analysis, glycosylation, biosynthetic model

scholarly journals Salt Stress Mitigation via the Foliar Application of Chitosan-Functionalized Selenium and Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4090
Author(s):  
Morteza Sheikhalipour ◽  
Behrooz Esmaielpour ◽  
Gholamreza Gohari ◽  
Maryam Haghighi ◽  
Hessam Jafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

High salt levels are one of the significant and major limiting factors on crop yield and productivity. Out of the available attempts made against high salt levels, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely employed and considered as effective strategies in this regard. Of these NPs, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and selenium functionalized using chitosan nanoparticles (Cs–Se NPs) were applied for a quite number of plants, but their potential roles for alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on stevia remains unclear. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is one of the reputed medicinal plants due to their diterpenoid steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A). For this reason, the current study was designed to investigate the potential of TiO2 NPs (0, 100 and 200 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (0, 10 and 20 mg L−1) to alleviate salt stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) in stevia. The findings of the study revealed that salinity decreased the growth and photosynthetic traits but resulted in substantial cell damage through increasing H2O2 and MDA content, as well as electrolyte leakage (EL). However, the application of TiO2 NPs (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1) increased the growth, photosynthetic performance and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the contents of H2O2, MDA and EL under the saline conditions. In addition to the enhanced growth and physiological performance of the plant, the essential oil content was also increased with the treatments of TiO2 (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1). In addition, the tested NPs treatments increased the concentration of stevioside (in the non-saline condition and under salinity stress) and rebaudioside A (under the salinity conditions) in stevia plants. Overall, the current findings suggest that especially 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs and 20 mg L−1 Cs–Se could be considered as promising agents in combating high levels of salinity in the case of stevia.

scholarly journals Comparative Assessment of the Basic Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Activity of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni Dried Leaves, Grown in Poland, Paraguay and Brazil—Preliminary Results

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 3634
Author(s):  
Teresa Leszczyńska ◽  
Barbara Piekło ◽  
Aneta Kopeć ◽  
Benno F. Zimmermann
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Total Polyphenols ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

This study compares the content of basic nutrients (proteins, fats, digestible carbohydrates, dietary fiber and ash), steviol glycosides, selected antioxidants (vitamin C, total polyphenols) and antioxidant activity in dried leaves of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni cultivated in Poland, Paraguay and Brazil and available in the direct sale. The basic chemical composition was determined by standard AOAC (Association of Official Analytical Chemists) methods. Content of steviol glycosides was determined by the UHPLC-UV chromatographic method. Total polyphenols content was expressed as gallic acid equivalent (GAE) and catechins equivalent (CE). Antioxidant activity was measured as ABTS●+ free radical scavenging activity. Dried leaves of S. rebaudiana grown in Poland had significantly higher contents of dietary fiber, and lower protein and ash content, compared to those derived from Paraguay and Brazil. The former had, however, considerably higher contents of total steviol glycosides, stevioside and rebaudioside D, compared to the remaining two plants. In the Paraguay-derived dried leaves, the content of rebaudioside A, C, E and rubusoside was found to be significantly lower. Dried leaves of S. rebaudiana Bertoni, cultivated in Poland, contained substantially more vitamin C and a similar content of total polyphenols, compared to those from Brazil and Paraguay. The examined material from Brazil and Paraguay plantations showed similar antioxidant activity, while that obtained from Polish cultivation was characterized by a significantly lower value of this parameter.

Effect of the application of elicitors on the amount of steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ma. Cristina Vazquez-Hernandez ◽  
Aurora Alvarado-Mariana ◽  
Humberto Aguirre-Becerra ◽  
Genaro Martin Soto-Zarazua ◽  
Ana Angelica Feregrino-Perez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni
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