Genetic control of rebaudioside A and C concentration in leaves of the sweet herb, Stevia rebaudiana

1999 ◽  
Vol 79 (1) ◽  
pp. 85-91 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jim Brandle
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Control ◽  
Genetic Basis ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Multiple Loci ◽  
Additive Gene

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni produces steviol glycoside sweeteners in its leaves that are up to 240 times sweeter than sugar. Understanding the genetic basis of glycoside proportions will aid in their manipulation through plant breeding. The experiments conducted in this study were focused on the genetic control of the proportions of two of those glycosides, rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C. The study was conducted using F2 population from crosses between two sets of parents with divergent glycoside profiles. Segregation in the first set of F2s showed that the presence/absence of rebaudioside A is controlled by a single dominant gene, but that the actual proportions of rebaudioside A may be controlled by multiple loci or alleles. In a second cross, proportions of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C were found to co-segregate and were shown to be controlled by a single additive gene. This result suggests that both rebaudioside A and C are synthesized by the same enzyme. The results were used to propose a model for glycosylation of steviol glycosides. Key words: Diterpene glycoside, genetic analysis, glycosylation, biosynthetic model

A review on the improvement of stevia [Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)]

2011 ◽  
Vol 91 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-27 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ashok Kumar Yadav ◽  
S. Singh ◽  
D. Dhyani ◽  
P. S. Ahuja
Keyword(s):  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Leaf Size ◽  
Mutation Breeding ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Efficient System ◽  
Perennial Plant ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Marker Loci ◽  
Additive Gene

Yadav, A. K., Singh, S., Dhyani, D. and Ahuja, P. S. 2011. A review on the improvement of Stevia [Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni)]. Can. J. Plant Sci. 91: 1–27. Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) is a herbaceous perennial plant (2n=22) of genus Stevia Cav., which consists of approximately 230 species of herbaceous, shrub and sub-shrub plants. Leaves of stevia produce diterpene glycosides (stevioside and rebaudiosides), non-nutritive, non-toxic, high-potency sweeteners and may substitute sucrose as well as other synthetic sweetners, being 300 times sweeter than sucrose. In addition to its sweetening property, it has medicinal values and uses. Stevia is self-incompatible plant and the pollination behaviour is entomophilous. Rebaudioside-A is of particular interest among the glycosides produced in the leaves of stevia because of the most desirable flavour profile, while, stevioside is responsible for aftertaste bitterness. Development of new varieties of S. rebaudiana with a higher content of rebaudioside-A and a reduced content of stevioside is the primary aim of plant breeders concerned with the improvement and utilization of this source of natural sweeteners. The proportions of rebaudioside-A and -C are controlled by a single additive gene known to be co-segregating suggesting synthesis by the same enzyme. Stevioside and rebaudioside-A are negatively correlated, while rebaudioside-A and -C are positively correlated. Conventional plant breeding approaches such as selection and intercrossing among various desirable genotypes is the best method for improving quality traits in a highly cross-pollinated crop like stevia. Various plant types with larger amounts of specific glycoside have already been patented, such as RSIT 94-1306, RSIT 94-75, RSIT 95-166-1 through selection and intercrossing. Composites and synthetics can be used to capture part of the available heterosis because of the high degree of natural out-crossing and the absence of an efficient system of pollination control. Synthetics and composites like “AC Black Bird” and “PTA-444” have already been developed. Polyploidy results in better adaptability of individuals and increased organ and cell sizes. Tetraploids have larger leaf size, thickness and have potential use in increasing biomass and yield in comparison with diploid strains. Characters of interest with low variability in the population may be improved through mutation breeding. Use of biotechnological approaches, such as tissue culture for the mass propagation of elite genotypes, anther culture for development of pure homozygous doubled haploid and molecular marker technology for identification of marker loci linked to rebaudioside-A trait, can create new opportunities for plant breeders. Understanding the mechanism and pathway of biosynthesis of steviol glycosides can help to improve the glycoside profile by up-regulation and down-regulation of genes.

scholarly journals Salt Stress Mitigation via the Foliar Application of Chitosan-Functionalized Selenium and Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles in Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (13) ◽  
pp. 4090
Author(s):  
Morteza Sheikhalipour ◽  
Behrooz Esmaielpour ◽  
Gholamreza Gohari ◽  
Maryam Haghighi ◽  
Hessam Jafari ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Titanium Dioxide ◽  
Salt Stress ◽  
Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles ◽  
Chitosan Nanoparticles ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
High Salt ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Tio2 Nps ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni

High salt levels are one of the significant and major limiting factors on crop yield and productivity. Out of the available attempts made against high salt levels, engineered nanoparticles (NPs) have been widely employed and considered as effective strategies in this regard. Of these NPs, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2 NPs) and selenium functionalized using chitosan nanoparticles (Cs–Se NPs) were applied for a quite number of plants, but their potential roles for alleviating the adverse effects of salinity on stevia remains unclear. Stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) is one of the reputed medicinal plants due to their diterpenoid steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside A). For this reason, the current study was designed to investigate the potential of TiO2 NPs (0, 100 and 200 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (0, 10 and 20 mg L−1) to alleviate salt stress (0, 50 and 100 mM NaCl) in stevia. The findings of the study revealed that salinity decreased the growth and photosynthetic traits but resulted in substantial cell damage through increasing H2O2 and MDA content, as well as electrolyte leakage (EL). However, the application of TiO2 NPs (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1) increased the growth, photosynthetic performance and activity of antioxidant enzymes, and decreased the contents of H2O2, MDA and EL under the saline conditions. In addition to the enhanced growth and physiological performance of the plant, the essential oil content was also increased with the treatments of TiO2 (100 mg L−1) and Cs–Se NPs (20 mg L−1). In addition, the tested NPs treatments increased the concentration of stevioside (in the non-saline condition and under salinity stress) and rebaudioside A (under the salinity conditions) in stevia plants. Overall, the current findings suggest that especially 100 mg L−1 TiO2 NPs and 20 mg L−1 Cs–Se could be considered as promising agents in combating high levels of salinity in the case of stevia.

scholarly journals Effect of different drying methods on the composition of steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves

2017 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 139-144
Author(s):  
Irma Aranda-González ◽  
David Betancur-Ancona ◽  
Luis Chel-Guerrero ◽  
Yolanda Moguel-Ordóñez
Keyword(s):  
Low Cost ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Hplc Method ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Drying Method ◽  
Sun Drying ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Rebaudioside D

Abstract Drying techniques can modify the composition of certain plant compounds. Therefore, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of different drying methods on steviol glycosides in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves. Four different drying methods were applied to Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni leaves, which were then subjected to aqueous extraction. Radiation or convection drying was performed in stoves at 60°C, whereas shade or sun drying methods were applied at 29.7°C and 70% of relative humidity. Stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, dulcoside A, and steviolbioside were quantified by a validated HPLC method. Among steviol glycosides, the content (g 100 g−1 dry basis) of stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, and rebaudioside C varied according to the drying method. The total glycoside content was higher in sun-dried samples, with no significant differences compared to shade or convection drying, whereas radiation drying adversely affected the content of rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C (p <0.01) and was therefore a method lowering total glycoside content. The effect of the different drying methods was also reflected in the proportion of the sweetener profile. Convection drying could be suitable for modern food processing industries while shadow or sun drying may be a low-cost alternative for farmers.

scholarly journals Effect of Algae Treatment On Stevia Rebaudiana Growth

2018 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 73-77
Author(s):  
Réka Czinkóczky ◽  
Áron Németh
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
South America ◽  
Red Light ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Reduce Blood Pressure ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Biomass Yields ◽  
Set Up

Abstract Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a small, perennial and herbaceous shrub which originated in Paraguay (South America). Stevia rebaudiana is not native to Hungary but its cultivation and consumption may have many benefits, e.g. to reduce blood pressure and as a non-caloric sweetener. Steviol glycosides, mostly stevioside and rebaudioside A, located in the leaves are about 200–300 times sweeter than sucrose. S. rebaudina cultivation in Hungary would offer many opportunities in healthcare and the sweet industry. With the aim of achieving good green biomass yields, the effect of MACC4 autotrophic and heterotrophic algae strains was investigated by testing them as both leaf and soil fertilizers in the soil of Stevia rebaudiana seedlings and in its aqueous rooting experiments. In one of the later set up, the formation of roots was improved by combining the application of red light and algae treatment.

scholarly journals METHOD DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION FOR THE SIMULTANEOUS DETERMINATION OF STEVIOSIDE, REBAUDIOSIDE-A, REBAUDIOSIDE C AND DULCOSIDE A CONTAINED IN STEVIA REBAUDIANA BERTONI USING HPLC-ELSD

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Supriyadi . ◽  
Siswandono . ◽  
Mochammad Yuwono
Keyword(s):  
Method Development ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Ich Guidelines ◽  
Validation Parameters ◽  
System Mode ◽  
Development And Validation

<p><strong>Objective</strong><strong>:</strong><strong> </strong>To develop and validate a selective HPLC-ELSD method for determination of steviol glycosides contained in <em>Stevia rebaudiana</em>, mainly stevioside, rebauside A, rebaudioside C, and dulcoside A. <strong></strong></p><p><strong>Methods: </strong>The chromatographic separation of stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside C, and dulcoside A was achieved using Phenomenex Luna column 250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d. in isocratic system mode with a mobile phase of acetonitrile-water (35: 65). The temperature of nebulization and evaporization of the ELS detector was set at 50 <sup>o</sup>C and 70 <sup>o</sup>C, respectively.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Results: </strong>The good separation of stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside C, and dulcoside A was obtained, yielding the resolution of all the analytes more than 1.5. All the validation parameters like specificity, linearity, range, accuracy and precision met the acceptance criteria according to ICH guidelines.<strong></strong></p><p><strong>Conclusion: </strong>The proposed HPLC-ELSD method is simple and sensitive for the simultaneously detection and determination of stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside C and dulcoside A contained in <em>Stevia rebaudiana</em>. The method was successfully applied for the determination of the samples product of <em>Stevia rebaudiana</em>.</p><p><strong>Keywords: </strong>Stevioside, Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside C, Dulcoside A, HPLC-ELSD</p>

scholarly journals Dynamics of steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside-A) with growth and development of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 1953-1958
Author(s):  
Neena Kumari ◽  
R. C. Rana ◽  
Y. P. Sharma ◽  
Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Growth And Development ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Vegetative Stage ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Flowering Stage ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Green Stem

In the present investigation, the dynamics of steviol glycosides (stevioside and rebaudioside-A) of Stevia rebaudiana with their growth stages were studied. The study aimed to examine the best stage of harvesting (month of the year) the crop with respect to maximum accumulation of stevioside and rebaudioside-A content in different plant parts (leaves, green stem and woody stem). The results showed that the maximum stevioside content in leaves (8.55%) was found in June month (vegetative stage). Rebaudioside-A content in leaves (7.00%) was at its peak in August (vegetative stage). Whereas, higher stevioside and rebaudioside-A content was found for green stem (0.93%) and woody stem (0.18%) during September month (flowering stage). Leaves showed maximum yields of stevioside (17.60g) and rebaudioside-A (13.75g) per plant in July month. The study indicated that it is economical to harvest the leaves of S. rebaudiana rather than harvesting whole aerial biomass in vegetative phase (July month).

scholarly journals Pertumbuhan, Produksi Biomassa, dan Kandungan Glikosida Steviol pada Lima Klon Stevia Introduksi di Bogor, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 105-110
Author(s):  
Masna Maya Sinta ◽  
Dan Sumaryono
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Biomass Yield ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Plant Canopy ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Plant Mortality ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Leaf Yield

Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, a sweetener plant, has been cultivated in Indonesia since the early 1980s, but the yield is lower than in other countries. Five selected introduced stevia clones were planted at Megamendung, Bogor, Indonesia (6°39’ S, 106°56’ E, 800 m above sea level) on December 2014 until November 2015 to evaluate their growth and biomass yield. The growth and yield were observed from 6 to 12 months after planting. In addition, stevioside, rebaudioside A (reb A), and total steviol glycoside (TSG) contents of leaves were measured using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). At six months after planting, stem diameter was 8-11 mm, plant canopy diameter was 23-30 cm, plant height was 24-35 cm, and plant mortality was less than 5% except for clone BU at 30.7% due to Sclerotium attack. The plants flowered at different times, therefore had different harvest durations, from 4 weeks (clone BM) to 8 weeks (clone BP). The highest leaf yield was clone BM (6.04 ton ha-1 per year), followed by BX (4.91 ton ha-1 per year), and BP (4.38 ton ha-1 per year). From the five clones tested, clone BM was the best for leaf, TSG, and stevioside yields; whereas clone BS and BP were the best for reb A yield. Keywords: rebaudioside A, Stevia rebaudiana, stevioside, total steviol glycoside

scholarly journals Chemistry and analytical techniques for ent-kaurene-glycosides of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni - A review

2017 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 2114-2126 ◽  
Author(s):  
Neena Kumari ◽  
Suresh Kumar
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Estimation ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Analytical Techniques ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Estimation Methods ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Rebaudioside A ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
The World ◽  
Low Calorie Sweetener

The Stevia genus encompasses about 200 herbs and shrubs species. Stevia rebaudiana, one of the members has gained commercial importance as a natural low calorie sweetener, due to the presence of high con-centration of stevioside and rebaudioside - A (25% to 45% of stevioside content) in the leaves. The major processes involved in the production and quantification of steviol glycosides are extraction, purification and estimation. Various extraction methods have been used for extraction of steviol glycosides in the world. The extraction methods of steviol glycosides mostly differed at the stage of clarification of extracts. The present study is an attempt to summarize the scattered literature and reports on a single podium. Moreover, it also depicts up to date literature regarding numerous extraction, purification and quantitative estimation methods for steviol glycosides

scholarly journals Application of in vitro stevia (Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni) cultures in obtaining steviol glycoside rich material

2015 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 50-63 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksandra Luwańska ◽  
Aleksandra Perz ◽  
Grażyna Mańkowska ◽  
Karolina Wielgus
Keyword(s):  
Food Industry ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Sweet Taste ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Rich Material

Summary Stevia is a plant attracting attention due to its capability to synthesize a group of chemical compounds with sweet taste, i.e. steviol glycosides. Steviol glycosides are successfully applied as a natural sweetener, and some of them have also therapeutic properties. This paper presents available information on the use of stevia plant tissue cultures with the focus on their potential application in food industry. Detailed analysis was done concerning the research employing in vitro culture techniques and the use of them in biosynthesis of secondary metabolites of high importance for the food industry. Both established achievements and most recent publications on stevia were used for assessment of practical applications of the aforementioned techniques and prospects for their development.

scholarly journals Microwave-Assisted Subcritical Water Extraction of Steviol Glycosides From Stevia rebaudiana Leaves

2019 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1986000 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zheng Yang ◽  
Brandon Uhler ◽  
Tristan Lipkie
Keyword(s):  
Subcritical Water ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Extraction Methods ◽  
Water Extraction ◽  
Steviol Glycosides ◽  
Subcritical Water Extraction ◽  
Steviol Glycoside ◽  
Stevia Rebaudiana Bertoni ◽  
Green Approach

A rapid method that combines microwave heating and subcritical water extraction to extract steviol glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana (Bertoni) or stevia leaves was developed and compared to conventional thermal solvent extraction methods. Within only 1 minute after subcritical water condition at 140°C being reached, the yields of major steviol glycoside, rebaudioside A and stevioside, and less polar steviol glucoside, rebaudioside C, from stevia leaves were comparable to conventional extraction method that used 70% ethanol under sonication for 45 minutes. This new hybrid extraction technique may provide a cost-effective and green approach for commercial production of high-purity steviol glycoside sweeteners and their “organic” versions without the use of highly expensive “organic” ethanol.

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