scholarly journals Lipid and Carotenoid Production by Rhodotorula glutinis with a Combined Cultivation Mode of Nitrogen, Sulfur, and Aluminium Stress

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 2444 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nora Elfeky ◽  
Mostafa Elmahmoudy ◽  
Yue Zhang ◽  
JianLi Guo ◽  
Yongming Bao
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Rhodotorula Glutinis ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Synthesis Rate ◽  
Carotenoid Production ◽  
Total Pigment ◽  
Relative Productivity

Torulene is a promising pink pigment, produced only by yeasts and fungi, and its production is still in a developing stage due to the low production rate. Accordingly, this study focuses on maximizing torulene production by Rhodotorula glutinis using shaken flask fermentation. The effect of different nitrogen sources, and C/N and C/S ratios on lipid and carotenoid production by R. glutinis was studied using 60 g/L glucose. The largest cells filled with golden fluorescence lipid bodies were observed using fluorescence microscopy when peptone was used as a nitrogen source. The highest total pigment (0.947 mg/L) and carotenoid relative productivity (Car-RP) (89.04 µg/g) were obtained at C/N 146 and C/S 120, and with ammonium sulfate as a nitrogen source, with 62% torulene domination using High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) for identification. Under a high C/N ratio, regardless of the C/S ratio, the carotenoid synthesis rate decreased after three days while the lipid synthesis rate kept increasing to the sixth day. Interestingly, after adding 0.7 mM Al2(SO4)3 to the optimized medium, the total pigment and Car-RP (2.2 mg/L and 212.9 µg/g) sharply increased, producing around 2.16 mg/L torulene (98%) with around 50% decrease in lipid yield. This is the first report on the role of Al2(SO4)3 for enhancing torulene production under lipogenesis condition, which could be used as a potential tool for torulene production.

scholarly journals Studies on the Role of the are a Gene in the Regulation of Nitrogen Catabolism in Aspergillus nidulans

1975 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 301 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Hynes
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Aspergillus Nidulans ◽  
Carbon Sources ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Selection Methods ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Dominance Relationships ◽  
Regulatory Circuits ◽  
Specific Activities

Mutants of Apergillus nidulanswith lesions in a gene, areA (formerly called amdT), have been isolated by a variety of different selection methods. The areA mutants show a range of pleiotropic growth responses to a number of compounds as sole nitrogen sources, but are normal in utilization of carbon sources. The levels of two amidase enzymes as well as urease have been investigated in the mutants and have been shown to be affected by this gene. Most of the areA mutants have much lower amidase-specific activities when grown in ammonium-containing medium, compared with mycelium incubated in medium la9king a nitrogen source. Some of the areA. mutants do not show derepression of urease upon relief of ammonium repression. The dominance relationships of areA alleles have been investigated in� heterozygous diploids, and these studies lend support to the proposal that areA codes for a positively acting regulatory product. One of the new areA alleles is partially dominant to areA + and areA102. This may be a result of negative complementation or indicate that areA has an additional negative reiuIatory function. Investigation.of various amdR; areA double mutants has led to the conclusion that amdR and areA participate in independent regulatory circuits in the control of acetamide utilizatiol1. Studies on an amdRc; areA.double mutant indicate that areA is involved in derepression of acetamidase upon relief of ammo.nium repression.

Effects of sulfur and different sources and levels of nitrogen and energy on the intake and liveweight change of steers fed tropical native pasture hay

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (2) ◽  
pp. 157 ◽  
Author(s):  
SR McLennan ◽  
MD Savage ◽  
JA Lindsay ◽  
PK O'Rourke ◽  
RM Murray
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat And Bone Meal ◽  
Bone Meal ◽  
Protein Meal ◽  
Rumen Degradation ◽  
Low Protein ◽  
Native Pasture

Weaner steers were fed low quality native pasture hay in pens for 84 days to determine the differences in response to supplements of molasses (280 g/steer.day) and grain sorghum (265 g/steer.day), fed with urea (45 g/steer.day), and to determine the role of sulfur in these differences. The control group consumed 1.63 kg/steer.day organic matter (OM) and lost 277 g/steer.day over the feeding period. Supplements of urea alone or urea + grain did not affect hay intake or liveweight performance but both parameters were markedly improved by supplements of urea + molasses and urea + sodium sulfate. It was concluded that sulfur, in addition to urea, was necessary to increase feed intake and reduce liveweight loss in steers fed the low-protein pasture hay. With an increase in molasses intake from 280 to 1120 g/ steer.day, total OM intake remained constant while roughage OM intake declined (P> 0.05). At the higher molasses intake both roughage and total OM intakes were greater when 37 g/steer.day of supplemental nitroin-was fed (P>0.05), suggesting that energy substitution could be countered by ensuring a non-limiting nitrogen supply. Urea, meat and bone meal or the combination of the 2 were equally effective as the nitrogen source. In a second experiment weaner steers were fed a similar hay in pens for 56 days to compare the effects of either urea or protein meal as the nitrogen source in molasses. Molasses was fed at 1120 g/steer.day. The protein meal was a formaldehyde-treated mix of cottonseed meal, meat and bone meal and fish meal (8:1:1). Unsupplemented animals consumed 2.86 kg/ steer.day OM and lost 210 g/steer.day liveweight. Total OM intake was increased similarly by both nitrogen sources (P<0.05) but, whereas steers fed urea-molasses maintained weight, those given urea molasses plus the formaldehyde-treated protein meal gained weight at 163 g/steer.day (P<0.05). The advantage of providing a protein source protected from rumen degradation was demonstrated.

scholarly journals Association of the Liver and Plasma Lipidomes with the Histological Stage of Alcohol-Related Liver Disease

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maja Thiele ◽  
Tommi Suvitaival ◽  
Kajetan Trost ◽  
Min Kim ◽  
Andressa de Zewadzki ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Multiple Testing ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Degradation Pathway ◽  
Sphingolipid Metabolism ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Related Liver Disease

Background and aims: Alcohol disturbs hepatic lipid synthesis and transport, but the role of lipid dysfunction in the severity of alcohol-related liver disease (ALD) is unclear. We therefore characterised the liver and plasma lipidome in a biopsy-controlled cohort of patients with early ALD. Methods: We performed ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry for lipidomics of the liver and plasma from 315 patients, and of plasma from 51 healthy controls matched for age, gender and BMI. We correlated lipid levels with histological fibrosis, inflammation and steatosis, after correction for multiple testing and adjustment for age, gender, statin use, BMI, HbA1c, HOMA-IR, and ongoing drinking. Moreover, we investigated the mechanism of dysregulated sphingolipid metabolism by whole-blood transcriptomics and qPCR sequencing of miRNA. Results: We detected 198 lipids in the liver and 236 lipids in the circulation from 18 lipid classes. Nearly all ceramides, sphingomyelins and lyso-phosphocholines in plasma decreased as fibrosis progressed. This was paralleled by a comparable decrease in the liver. Circulating and liver sphingomyelins were also inversely associated with hepatic inflammation. The lipidomic signature of healthy controls was only comparable to ALD patients with no fibrosis. Three circulating miRNA, highly involved in sphingomyelin metabolism, were dysregulated together with the mRNA expression of enzymes in the sphingomyelin degradation pathway. Mendelian randomization in Finnish and UK population biobanks externally validated our findings, suggesting a causal relationship between genetic disposition to ALD and low sphingolipid levels. Conclusions: Liver fibrosis severity in alcohol-related liver disease is characterized by selective lipid depletion in blood and liver, indicating profound effects of progressive disease on the bioactive sphingolipids, already from early stages of fibrosis.

Trace nanoanalysis

1994 ◽  
Vol 52 ◽  
pp. 940-941
Author(s):  
D. E. Newbury ◽  
R. D. Leapman
Keyword(s):  
High Performance ◽  
Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Detection Efficiency ◽  
Volume Element ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Trace Constituents ◽  
Secondary Ion ◽  
Concentration Levels ◽  
Structure Properties

Trace constituents, which can be very loosely defined as those present at concentration levels below 1 percent, often exert influence on structure, properties, and performance far greater than what might be estimated from their proportion alone. Defining the role of trace constituents in the microstructure, or indeed even determining their location, makes great demands on the available array of microanalytical tools. These demands become increasingly more challenging as the dimensions of the volume element to be probed become smaller. For example, a cubic volume element of silicon with an edge dimension of 1 micrometer contains approximately 5×1010 atoms. High performance secondary ion mass spectrometry (SIMS) can be used to measure trace constituents to levels of hundreds of parts per billion from such a volume element (e. g., detection of at least 100 atoms to give 10% reproducibility with an overall detection efficiency of 1%, considering ionization, transmission, and counting).

Two Short Tests Fail to Detect Vigilance Decrements

2001 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan Botella ◽  
María José Contreras ◽  
Pei-Chun Shih ◽  
Víctor Rubio
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Selection Process ◽  
Vigilance Task ◽  
Air Traffic Controllers ◽  
Job Selection ◽  
Performance Deterioration ◽  
Short Test ◽  
Psychological Dimensions

Summary: Deterioration in performance associated with decreased ability to sustain attention may be found in long and tedious task sessions. The necessity for assessing a number of psychological dimensions in a single session often demands “short” tests capable of assessing individual differences in abilities such as vigilance and maintenance of high performance levels. In the present paper two tasks were selected as candidates for playing this role, the Abbreviated Vigilance Task (AVT) by Temple, Warm, Dember, LaGrange and Matthews (1996) and the Continuous Attention Test (CAT) by Tiplady (1992) . However, when applied to a sample of 829 candidates in a job-selection process for air-traffic controllers, neither of them showed discriminative capacity. In a second study, an extended version of the CAT was applied to a similar sample of 667 subjects, but also proved incapable of properly detecting individual differences. In short, at least in a selection context such as that studied here, neither of the tasks appeared appropriate for playing the role of a “short” test for discriminating individual differences in performance deterioration in sustained attention.

Hydroxylamines as One-Atom Nitrogen Sources for Metal-Catalyzed Cycloadditions

Synthesis ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinjun Luan ◽  
Jingxun Yu
Keyword(s):  
Transition Metal ◽  
Nitrogen Source ◽  
Nucleophilic Reagent ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Short Review ◽  
Indole Derivatives ◽  
Electrophilic Amination ◽  
Intramolecular Cycloaddition ◽  
Transition Metal Catalyzed ◽  
Metal Catalyzed

AbstractTransition-metal-catalyzed C–N bond formation is one of the most important pathways to synthesize N-heterocycles. Hydroxylamines can be transformed into a nucleophilic reagent to react with a carbon cation or coordinate with a transition metal; it can also become an electrophilic nitrogen source to react with arenes, alkenes, and alkynes. In this short review, the progress made on transition-metal-catalyzed cycloadditions with hydroxylamines as a nitrogen source is summarized.1 Introduction2 Cycloaddition To Form Aziridine Derivatives2.1 Intramolecular Cycloaddition To Form Aziridine Derivatives2.2 Intermolecular Cycloaddition To Form Aziridine Derivatives3 Cycloaddition To Form Indole Derivatives4 Cycloaddition To Form Other N-Heterocycles4.1 Aza-Heck-Type Amination Reactions4.2 Nitrene Insertion Amination Reactions4.3 Intramolecular Nucleophilic and Electrophilic Amination Reactions5 Conclusion and Outlook

scholarly journals Functional response of Harmonia axyridis preying on Acyrthosiphon pisum nymphs: the effect of temperature

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasir Islam ◽  
Farhan Mahmood Shah ◽  
Xu Rubing ◽  
Muhammad Razaq ◽  
Miao Yabo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Functional Response ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Acyrthosiphon Pisum ◽  
Harmonia Axyridis ◽  
Effect Of Temperature ◽  
Functional Responses ◽  
Aphid Control ◽  
Host Aphid ◽  
Predator Foraging

AbstractIn the current study, we investigated the functional response of Harmonia axyridis adults and larvae foraging on Acyrthosiphon pisum nymphs at temperatures between 15 and 35 °C. Logistic regression and Roger’s random predator models were employed to determine the type and parameters of the functional response. Harmonia axyridis larvae and adults exhibited Type II functional responses to A. pisum, and warming increased both the predation activity and host aphid control mortality. Female and 4th instar H. axyridis consumed the most aphids. For fourth instar larvae and female H. axyridis adults, the successful attack rates were 0.23 ± 0.014 h−1 and 0.25 ± 0.015 h−1; the handling times were 0.13 ± 0.005 h and 0.16 ± 0.004 h; and the estimated maximum predation rates were 181.28 ± 14.54 and 153.85 ± 4.06, respectively. These findings accentuate the high performance of 4th instar and female H. axyridis and the role of temperature in their efficiency. Further, we discussed such temperature-driven shifts in predation and prey mortality concerning prey-predator foraging interactions towards biological control.

scholarly journals High Fat Activates O-GlcNAcylation and Affects AMPK/ACC Pathway to Regulate Lipid Metabolism

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1740
Author(s):  
Yuning Pang ◽  
Xiang Xu ◽  
Xiaojun Xiang ◽  
Yongnan Li ◽  
Zengqi Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Metabolism ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Lipid Synthesis ◽  
Fat Deposition ◽  
Liver Fat ◽  
Lipid Homeostasis ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Dual Inhibitor ◽  
Regulate Lipid Metabolism

A high-fat diet often leads to excessive fat deposition and adversely affects the organism. However, the mechanism of liver fat deposition induced by high fat is still unclear. Therefore, this study aimed at acetyl-CoA carboxylase (ACC) to explore the mechanism of excessive liver deposition induced by high fat. In the present study, the ORF of ACC1 and ACC2 were cloned and characterized. Meanwhile, the mRNA and protein of ACC1 and ACC2 were increased in liver fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) or in hepatocytes incubated with oleic acid (OA). The phosphorylation of ACC was also decreased in hepatocytes incubated with OA. Moreover, AICAR dramatically improved the phosphorylation of ACC, and OA significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of the AMPK/ACC pathway. Further experiments showed that OA increased global O-GlcNAcylation and agonist of O-GlcNAcylation significantly inhibited the phosphorylation of AMPK and ACC. Importantly, the disorder of lipid metabolism caused by HFD or OA could be rescued by treating CP-640186, the dual inhibitor of ACC1 and ACC2. These observations suggested that high fat may activate O-GlcNAcylation and affect the AMPK/ACC pathway to regulate lipid synthesis, and also emphasized the importance of the role of ACC in lipid homeostasis.

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