scholarly journals The Importance of Assessing the Level of Service in Confined Infrastructures: Some Considerations of the Old Ottoman Pedestrian Bridge of Mostar

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1630 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tiziana Campisi ◽  
Antonino Canale ◽  
Giovanni Tesoriere ◽  
Ivan Lovric ◽  
Boris Čutura
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Level Of Service ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Depth Analysis ◽  
Traffic Volumes ◽  
Bridge Crossing ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Surrounding Areas ◽  
Pedestrian Simulation

Walking is classified as the oldest transport mode with the least impact on the environment. It is frequently one of the intermediate transport modes. Generally, while designing exclusive walking transit areas or structures with high human traffic volumes and considering different scenarios, it is advantageous to be able to foresee the congestion conditions and the relative problems. The study of pedestrian trajectories, which are strictly related to the characteristics of the walkers, is necessary and preliminary for the purposes of an in-depth analysis linked to the habits of populations and cultures. Often areas crowded by tourists run, of limited size such as bridges, must be considered in advance for emergencies. This article focuses on an old footbridge of Mostar located in a confined area with an increasing tourist flow. The peculiarity of the bridge lies in the double-flight geometry with elements that generate discontinuity in the trajectory as well as the steps. This analysis was carried out obtaining the traffic data from video cameras and analyzing different scenarios on holidays and weekdays. Also, the possible presence of obstacles on the bridge was taken into account, such as some areas not walkable for temporary work or the presence of obstacles. These scenarios have been calibrated and simulated through the definition of O/D matrices, arcs and nodes (or areas) through the pedestrian simulation tool Viswalk. This comparison is useful for understanding the variation of LOS (Level of Service) during the daily or emergency situations and the results can provide help to local authorities to plan and design an appropriate action plan. Therefore, this research work aims to compare scenarios under critical flow conditions in the order to define preventively possible actions that can guarantee an optimal LOS value during the bridge crossing and the surrounding areas.

scholarly journals Theoretical Aspects of Interaction between Special Forces Units of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the National Guard of Russia, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Field of Law Enforcement

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 566-569
Author(s):  
Sergei V. Ponikarov
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of

The paper investigates a novel issue related to the cooperation between special forces units of the penal system and other (special) similar units, namely, the police and the National Guard (including the Special Purpose Mobile Unit and the Special Rapid Response Unit). We note that earlier these units were part of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The paper presents the results of a study of organizational and legal interaction of the special forces of the penal system with other bodies in the field of law enforcement. We argue that the cooperation between these units has the greatest potential in conducting special operations to prevent emergencies related to hostage-taking, mass riots, and escapes of convicts. We highlight major organizational criteria for interaction between the divisions under consideration. We put forward our own definition of the essence of organizing the interaction between special forces units of the penal system and special units of other agencies in emergency situations taking place in correctional institutions. We describe characteristic features of this interaction. The integration of these features allowed us to formulate a scientific definition of the interaction under consideration in a broad sense. The article analyzes specific features of cooperation between special forces units of the penal system and other bodies; these features involve the establishment of interpersonal contacts between the heads of these units. We emphasize the scientific and organizational principles of interaction, such as balance, mobility, and preparedness. We propose tactical interaction, which consists of an action plan, preliminary training, management decisions and practical actions of the personnel. The paper also presents the results of an empirical study on the integration of special forces units. Key words: interaction; organization and tactics; institutions and bodies of FSIN Russia; law enforcement; special forces of the penal system; other special bodies.

scholarly journals Theoretical Aspects of Interaction between Special Forces Units of the Federal Penitentiary Service of Russia, the National Guard of Russia, and the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia in the Field of Law Enforcement

2020 ◽  
Vol 14 (4) ◽  
pp. 493-498
Author(s):  
S.V. Ponikarov ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
National Guard ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Preliminary Training ◽  
Penal System ◽  
Special Forces ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Internal Affairs ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Definition Of

The paper investigates a novel issue related to the cooperation between special forces units of the penal system and other (special) similar units, namely, the police and the National Guard (including the Special Purpose Mobile Unit and the Special Rapid Response Unit). We note that earlier these units were part of the system of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia. The paper presents the results of a study of organizational and legal interaction of the special forces of the penal system with other bodies in the field of law enforcement. We argue that the cooperation between these units has the greatest potential in conducting special operations to prevent emergencies related to hostage-taking, mass riots, and escapes of convicts. We highlight major organizational criteria for interaction between the divisions under consideration. We put forward our own definition of the essence of organizing the interaction between special forcesunits of the penal system and special units of other agencies in emergency situations taking place in correctional institutions. We describe characteristic features of this interaction. The integration of these features allowed us to formulate a scientific definition of the interaction under consideration in a broad sense. The article analyzes specific features of cooperation between special forces units of the penal system and other bodies; these features involve the establishment of interpersonal contacts between the heads of these units. We emphasize the scientific and organizational principles of interaction, such as balance, mobility, and preparedness.We propose tactical interaction, which consists of an action plan, preliminary training, management decisions and practical actions of thepersonnel. The paper also presents the results of an empirical study on the integration ofspecial forces units.

E-health developments in the system of health services in Hungary and the European Union

2014 ◽  
Vol 155 (21) ◽  
pp. 822-827
Author(s):  
Ágnes Váradi
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
European Union ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Action Plan ◽  
Fundamental Rights ◽  
Public Health Care ◽  
The European Union ◽  
Contemporary Issue ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Basic Features

The question of electronic solutions in public health care has become a contemporary issue at the European Union level since the action plan of the Commission on the e-health developments of the period between 2012 and 2020 has been published. In Hungary this issue has been placed into the centre of attention after a draft on modifications of regulations in health-care has been released for public discourse, which – if accepted – would lay down the basics of an electronic heath-service system. The aim of this paper is to review the basic features of e-health solutions in Hungary and the European Union with the help of the most important pieces of legislation, documents of the European Union institutions and sources from secondary literature. When examining the definition of the basic goals and instruments of the development, differences between the European Union and national approaches can be detected. Examination of recent developmental programs and existing models seem to reveal difficulties in creating interoperability and financing such projects. Finally, the review is completed by the aspects of jurisdiction and fundamental rights. It is concluded that these issues are mandatory to delineate the legislative, economic and technological framework for the development of the e-health systems. Orv. Hetil., 2014, 155(21), 822–827.

Bottlenecks in the Implementation of On-Site Wastewater Treatment Plants on a Large Scale in The Netherlands

1990 ◽  
Vol 22 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 291-298
Author(s):  
Frits A. Fastenau ◽  
Jaap H. J. M. van der Graaf ◽  
Gerard Martijnse
Keyword(s):  
Wastewater Treatment ◽  
The Netherlands ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽  
Housing Stock ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Domestic Wastewater ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Definition Of

More than 95 % of the total housing stock in the Netherlands is connected to central sewerage systems and in most cases the wastewater is treated biologically. As connection to central sewerage systems has reached its economic limits, interest in on-site treatment of the domestic wastewater of the remaining premises is increasing. A large scale research programme into on-site wastewater treatment up to population equivalents of 200 persons has therefore been initiated by the Dutch Ministry of Housing, Physical Planning and Environment. Intensive field-research work did establish that the technological features of most on-site biological treatment systems were satisfactory. A large scale implementation of these systems is however obstructed in different extents by problems of an organisational, financial and/or juridical nature and management difficulties. At present research is carried out to identify these bottlenecks and to analyse possible solutions. Some preliminary results are given which involve the following ‘bottlenecks':-legislation: absence of co-ordination and absence of a definition of ‘surface water';-absence of subsidies;-ownership: divisions in task-setting of Municipalities and Waterboards; divisions involved with cost-sharing;-inspection; operational control and maintenance; organisation of management;-discharge permits;-pollution levy;-sludge disposal. Final decisions and practical elaboration of policies towards on-site treatment will have to be formulated in a broad discussion with all the authorities and interest groups involved.

scholarly journals Unveiling the Link between the Third Law of Comminution and the Grinding Kinetics Behaviour of Several Ores

Metals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1079
Author(s):  
Victor Ciribeni ◽  
Juan M. Menéndez-Aguado ◽  
Regina Bertero ◽  
Andrea Tello ◽  
Enzo Avellá ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Standard Procedure ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Excellent Correlation ◽  
The Third ◽  
Work Index ◽  
Bond Work Index ◽  
Laboratory Procedures ◽  
Grinding Kinetics ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Index Estimation

As a continuation of a previous research work carried out to estimate the Bond work index (wi) by using a simulator based on the cumulative kinetic model (CKM), a deeper analysis was carried out to determine the link between the kinetic and energy parameters in the case of metalliferous and non-metallic ore samples. The results evidenced a relationship between the CKM kinetic parameter k and the grindability index gbp; and also with the wi, obtained following the standard procedure. An excellent correlation was obtained in both cases, posing the definition of alternative work index estimation tests with the advantages of more straightforward and quicker laboratory procedures.

scholarly journals Is obligation the proper policy to increase immunization coverage? A comparison of 16 OECD countries

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
R Thomas ◽  
L Charrier ◽  
M Bo ◽  
C M Zotti
Keyword(s):  
Action Plan ◽  
Immunization Coverage ◽  
Oecd Countries ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Compulsory Vaccination ◽  
Measles Vaccination ◽  
Global Estimates ◽  
Coverage Rates ◽  
Mandatory Vaccination ◽  
Short Time

Abstract Issue Globally, between 2016 and 2018, low vaccination coverage rates led to an increase of measles cases and related deaths. The WHO European Region reported a total of 83540 measles cases and 74 deaths in 2018, versus the 5273 cases and 13 deaths in 2016, with WHO global estimates reporting 333445 cases. In order to contrast these outbreaks, the European Vaccine Action Plan 2015-2020 states that the ideal immunization coverage for measles must be 95%. Although, this rate is not reached and maintained everywhere, thus one debated solution is to adopt compulsory vaccination plans rather than recommended. Our aim is to analyse if compulsory policies may increase coverage. Description Between 2014 and 2018 3 countries (Italy, France and California) changed their measles vaccination policies from recommended to compulsory to fight low immunization. In order to describe the effects of this action, we compared their measles coverage rates in 2014 and 2018 together with other 12 OECD countries rates who adopt both recommendation and obligation, evaluating the trend variations. Data were collected from OECD's, WHO's and Ministries of Health's documents. Results After the introduction of obligation, California (91% in 2014; 95% in 2018) and Italy (87% to 94%) coverage rates increased, while France's reduced (91% to 90%). Of other mandatory countries, only Australia showed an increase (94% to 95%); totally, 37.5% mandatory countries showed an increase among the analysed ones. Through the same period, 50% of analysed countries with recommendation maintained rates over 95%, 10% increased, while 40% remained below 95%. Lessons Even if mandatory vaccinations can lead to a sharp increase of coverage in a short time in response to emergency situations, the causes and solutions of hesitancy are more complex than law enforcement. Some countries without obligation show rates constantly above 95% throughout the years, demonstrating that other measures can be taken to fight low immunization. Key messages Apart from estimates coming from WHO and OECD, it is difficult to find extensive and official information about the application and the effectiveness of vaccination policies in different countries. Low immunization coverage rates rely on different causes (information, religion, personal beliefs, trust), thus the application of mandatory vaccination alone is not sufficient to fight hesitancy.

scholarly journals Flying Free: A Research Overview of Deep Learning in Drone Navigation Autonomy

Drones ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 52
Author(s):  
Thomas Lee ◽  
Susan Mckeever ◽  
Jane Courtney
Keyword(s):  
Deep Learning ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Learning Approaches ◽  
Clear Definition ◽  
Top Down ◽  
Research Activity ◽  
Comprehensive Overview ◽  
The Past ◽  
Computer Vision Applications ◽  
Definition Of

With the rise of Deep Learning approaches in computer vision applications, significant strides have been made towards vehicular autonomy. Research activity in autonomous drone navigation has increased rapidly in the past five years, and drones are moving fast towards the ultimate goal of near-complete autonomy. However, while much work in the area focuses on specific tasks in drone navigation, the contribution to the overall goal of autonomy is often not assessed, and a comprehensive overview is needed. In this work, a taxonomy of drone navigation autonomy is established by mapping the definitions of vehicular autonomy levels, as defined by the Society of Automotive Engineers, to specific drone tasks in order to create a clear definition of autonomy when applied to drones. A top–down examination of research work in the area is conducted, focusing on drone navigation tasks, in order to understand the extent of research activity in each area. Autonomy levels are cross-checked against the drone navigation tasks addressed in each work to provide a framework for understanding the trajectory of current research. This work serves as a guide to research in drone autonomy with a particular focus on Deep Learning-based solutions, indicating key works and areas of opportunity for development of this area in the future.

Recht und Pflicht – Einschränkungen von Freiheit?

2021 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 98-113
Author(s):  
Klaus Vieweg
Keyword(s):  
Free Will ◽  
The State ◽  
Individual Rights ◽  
Right To Life ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
The Will ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
The Right

Abstract Can one speak philosophically of a justified limitation of freedom? Hegel’s logically founded definition of free will and his understanding of right and duty can contribute to a clarification of the concept of freedom. Important is a precise differentiation between freedom and caprice (Willkür) – the latter being a necessary but one-sided element of the free will. In caprice, the will is not yet in the form of reason. Rational rights and duties are not a restriction of freedom. Insofar as individual rights can collide (e. g. in emergency situations), there can be a temporary and proportionate restriction of certain rights in favour of higher rights, such as the right to life. Dictatorships are instances of capricious rule which restrict freedom; the rationally designed state, by contrast, restricts only caprice. What is tobe defined are the duties and the rights of the state and the duties and the rights of the citizens.

scholarly journals Lean & Green on Industry 4.0 Context – Contribution to Understand L&G Drivers and Design Principles

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (5) ◽  
pp. 1214-1229
Author(s):  
Lenin John ◽  
Manuel Sampayo ◽  
Paulo Peças
Keyword(s):  
Industry 4.0 ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Design Principles ◽  
Manufacturing Companies ◽  
Bottom Line ◽  
Industrial Firms ◽  
Systems Implementation ◽  
Sustainability Concept ◽  
Proper Definition ◽  
Definition Of

The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how the implementation of Lean & Green (L&G) in an Industry 4.0 (I4.0) environment can enhance the potential impact of the L&G approach and help manufacturing companies moving towards higher operational and sustainable performances. The research work developed here shows that although a proper definition of L&G is neither exposed worldwide nor explicitly implemented under that name, the current industrial firms are deeply concerned about the demanding challenge of keeping businesses flexible and agile without forgetting strategies to minimize the acceleration of climate change. So, one contribution of this paper is the identification and characterization of L&G drivers and design principles, supporting a robust and well-informed L&G systems implementation. As inferred from the research work, this challenge demands high quality and updated data together with assertive information. Thus, the implementation of L&G in I4.0 contexts is the answer to overcome the identified barriers. Likewise, an L&G system contributes to overcoming the challenges of I4.0 implementation regarding the triple bottom line sustainability concept. Consequently, another contribution of this paper is to depict why an L&G system performs better in the I4.0 context.

scholarly journals Emergency: definitions, problems and solutions

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (7) ◽  
pp. 15-19
Author(s):  
V.P. Мiroshnychenko
Keyword(s):  
External Environment ◽  
Emergency Situation ◽  
Anthropogenic Activity ◽  
Emergency Situations ◽  
Problems And Solutions ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Definition Of

Emergency situations constantly accompany the external environment and society bringing major material losses and human casualties. The definitions and general patterns for the development of emergency situations and their role in accidents and disasters were discussed. Actually, there is no single concept in the definition of an emergency. Based on the ana-lysis, the content of the subject was formulated: an emergency is a state of natural and anthropogenic activity in the external environment and society. The mechanism of the emergency situation development is presented. The reason for changing the normative definition of the concept of emergency situation has been substantiated.

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