scholarly journals New Insights in Potato Leaf Freezing by Infrared Thermography

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Stegner ◽  
Tanja Schäfernolte ◽  
Gilbert Neuner
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Freezing Behavior ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Viability Assessment ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Controlled Freezing

Infrared thermography has been widely used to study freezing processes in freezing resistant plants but hardly in freezing susceptible species. Solanum tuberosum leaves get frost killed at −3 °C and are unable to frost harden. The basic nature of frost injury to potato leaves is not clear. By employment of infrared differential thermal analysis (IDTA) in combination with viability assessment, we aimed to clarify the mechanistic relationship between ice formation and frost injury. During controlled freezing of potato leaves two distinct freezing events were detected by IDTA. During the first freezing event, the ice wave propagated via the xylem and spread out within 60 s throughout the whole leaf. When leaves were rewarmed after this freezing event, they did not show any frost injury symptoms. We suggest that this non-lethal first ice wave is restricted to the extracellular space. When leaves remained exposed after this exotherm, a second freezing event with a diffuse freezing pattern without a distinct starting point was recorded. When thawed after this second freezing event, leaves always showed frost damage suggesting intracellular freezing. The freezing behavior of potato leaves and its relation to frost damage corroborates that control of ice nucleation is a key for frost protection.

scholarly journals 993 THEORY AND APPLICATION OF GENETIC ENGINEERING FOR STRESS RESISTANCE AND AVOIDANCE

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 571d-571
Author(s):  
Steven E. Lindow
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Frost Injury

Genes determining the ability of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae to catalyze ice formation have been cloned and characterized. Ice nucleation active (Ice+) strains of this species are common on plants and the supercooling ability of frost sensitive plants is inversely proportional to the logarithm of the population size of Ice+ bacteria at temperatures above -5C. Recombinant Ice- derivatives off. syringae were produced by site-directed mutagenesis using deletion containing ice genes cloned form this species. The Ice- strains colonized potatoes well in field studies, reduced the population size of Ice+ bacterial strains by about 50-fold, and reduced the incidence of frost injury an average of 82% in several radiative frosts of temperatures in the range of -3 to -5 C. The ice gene has also been introduced into Solanum commersonii to determine its effect on increasing the tolerance of ice formation in this frost tolerant species. Transgenic plants exhibit a much higher threshold ice nucleation temperature than the parental plants.

Atmospheric CO2 enrichment and the development of frost hardiness in containerized black spruce seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 1392-1398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hank A. Margolis ◽  
Louis-P. Vézina
Keyword(s):  
Black Spruce ◽  
Co2 Enrichment ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Frost Hardiness ◽  
Mineral Nutrient ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Controlled Freezing

The hypothesis that a relatively brief exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2 could increase the frost resistance of shoots was tested on containerized black spruce seedlings (Piceamariana (Mill.) B.S.P.). Seedlings were exposed to 1000 ppm CO2 toward the end of their second growing season in an unheated production tunnel and in a heated greenhouse. In 1987, continuous 10-week CO2 exposures were applied in conjunction with mineral nutrient fertilization, and freezing tests were conducted each week. In 1988, a series of shorter 2-week CO2 exposures was applied to different groups of seedlings and no mineral nutrients were added. Controlled freezing tests were conducted at −10 °C and were followed by electrolytic conductivity measurements to assess frost injury. Under all experimental conditions, freezing tests on seedlings from both the production tunnel and the greenhouse indicated significantly greater frost damage for the CO2-enriched seedlings than for the controls. Late-growing season CO2 enrichment negatively affected the bud initiation – bud development stage of frost-hardiness development.

scholarly journals High-definition infrared thermography of ice nucleation and propagation in wheat under natural frost conditions and controlled freezing

Planta ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 247 (4) ◽  
pp. 791-806 ◽  
Author(s):  
David P. Livingston ◽  
Tan D. Tuong ◽  
J. Paul Murphy ◽  
Lawrence V. Gusta ◽  
Ian Willick ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
High Definition ◽  
Controlled Freezing

scholarly journals JENIS DAN POPULASI BAKTERI ICE NUCLEATION ACTIVE PENYEBAB LUKA BEKU PADA DAUN JERUK KEPROK SOE DI DATARAN TINGGI MUTIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Hildegardis Missa ◽  
Anselmus Boy Baunsele
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Class B ◽  
Ina Bacteria ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Active Bacteria ◽  
Ice Nucleation Activity

Research on ice nucleation-active bacteria causes frost injury from tropic areas has not been widely publicized. The purpose of this study was to determine the population of Ice Nucleation-Active Bacteria on Soe tangerines leaves and the class of Ice Nucleation-Active bacteria based on Ice formation temperatures. The collecting of Soe tangerine leaves used the purpose sampling method. Leaves with frost blotches were collected from three stages at altitudes of 1500, 1800, and 2000 meters above sea level (m asl). Bacterial isolation was carried out by the spread plate method on Nutrien Agar 2,5 % glycerol (NAG)  media. Ice Nucleation activity was determined by the tube nucleation test method. Estimation of INA bacterial population was conducted by the multiple-tube nucleation test with Thomas series .3.3.3. The result showed that the highest INA bacterial population was 6.9x104 which was found in leaves samples collected from stations 1800 and 2000 m asl, and the lowest population i.e. 5,4x103 on leaf samples from station 1500 m asl. Based on the temperature of ice formation, it was known that INA bacteria that attack the Soe tangerines leaves Mutis plateau are the INA bacteria class B and C.

scholarly journals Winter frost injury of buds on one-year-old grapevine shoots of Vitis vinifera cultivars and interspecific hybrids in Poland

2012 ◽  
Vol 24 (1) ◽  
pp. 97-103 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jerzy Lisek
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Interspecific Hybrids ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Frost Tolerance ◽  
Table Grape ◽  
Plant Parts ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Vitis Labruscana ◽  
Significant Damage ◽  
One Year

Winter frost injury of buds on one-year-old grapevine shoots ofVitis viniferacultivars and interspecific hybrids in PolandFollowing the winter of 2009/2010, an assessment of frost damage was carried out on the vines of 40 wine cultivars and 32 table grape cultivars grown in central Poland (Skierniewice, latitude 51° 57' N, longitude 20° 08' E). The minimum winter temperature of -28.1°C was recorded on 26 January 2010. Cultivars were assigned to five classes of different frost tolerance, according to information on the percentage of frozen buds: very resistant (below 1.9%), resistant (2 - 24.9%), medium susceptible (25 - 74.9%), susceptible (75 - 95.9%) and very susceptible (above 96%). The numbers of wine and table cultivars in each class were as follows: very resistant - 5 (wine) and 3 (table), resistant - 2 and 5, medium susceptible - 15 and 10, susceptible - 13 and 9 and very susceptible - 5 and 5. The most tolerant were the ‘Alwood’, ‘Delaware’, ‘Fredonia’ and ‘Zilga’ interspecific hybrids of theVitis labruscanagroup; the ‘Aurore’, ‘Marechal Foch’ and ‘Leon Millot’ hybrids originating fromV. vinifera, V. rupestris, V. ripariaandV. lincecumiiand ‘Sibera’ originating fromV. viniferaandV. amurensis.More than 96% of buds froze on the vines of some interspecific hybrids (‘Arkadia’, ‘Fanny’, ‘Kodrianka’ and ‘Lilla’). ‘Ortega’, ‘Nektar’, ‘Cserszegi Fueszeres’, ‘Riesling’ and ‘Chasselas Dore’ from theV. viniferacultivars showed the best tolerance to frost damage (42.5-62% of frozen buds). The buds of theV. viniferacultivars ‘Acolon’, ‘Dakapo’ and ‘Favorit’ all froze. Plant parts covered with soil and snow were not exposed to significant damage, even in the case of susceptible cultivars.

The relationship between multiple leaders and mechanical and frost damage to the apical meristem of Scots pine seedlings

1990 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 280-284 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jarmo K. Holopainen
Keyword(s):  
Scots Pine ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Night Temperature ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Pine Seedlings ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Multiple Leaders

The responses of young Scots pine seedlings to mechanical apical meristem damage before and after 4 nights exposure to minimum night temperatures of −2.2 and −6.7 °C in controlled environment growth chambers were compared with control seedlings that were subjected or not to apical meristem damage and exposed to a minimum night temperature of 12 °C. The feeding damage caused by Lygus bugs was simulated by piercing the apical meristem of young pine seedlings with a hypodermic syringe needle and injecting a small drop of distilled water into the wound. At −6.7 °C increased numbers of dead seedlings were found. The proportion of seedlings with multiple leaders greatly increased after piercing, and about half of the seedlings subjected to the apical meristem damage had multiple leaders. The proportion of seedlings with multiple leaders and the number of leader shoots per seedling did not differ among seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage before or after the frost exposure. Short and twisted primary needles occurred in the basal parts of the new shoots in the seedlings with multiple leaders. Seedlings with necrotic needles were most often found after exposure to the night temperature of −6.7 °C. Shoot dry weight and length were significantly lower in seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage after frost exposure than in seedlings subjected to apical meristem damage before frost exposure or to no frost exposure. The results suggest that an increased reduction in growth is to be expected if Lygus bug attacks occur on pine seedlings that already suffer from frost injury.

scholarly journals Bacterial Ice Nucleation: A Factor in Frost Injury to Plants

1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1084-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Lindow ◽  
Deane C. Arny ◽  
Christen D. Upper
Keyword(s):  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Frost Injury

scholarly journals Enhanced ice nucleation activity of coal fly ash aerosol particles initiated by ice-filled pores

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nsikanabasi Silas Umo ◽  
Robert Wagner ◽  
Romy Ullrich ◽  
Alexei Kiselev ◽  
Harald Saathoff ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fly Ash ◽  
Significant Role ◽  
Coal Fly Ash ◽  
Aerosol Particles ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Temperature Cycling ◽  
Cloud Formation ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Nucleation Activity ◽  
Ice Nucleation Activity

Abstract. Ice-nucleating particles (INPs), which are precursors for ice formation in clouds, can alter the microphysical and optical properties of clouds, hence, impacting the cloud lifetimes and hydrological cycles. However, the mechanisms with which these INPs nucleate ice when exposed to different atmospheric conditions are still unclear for some particles. Recently, some INPs with pores or permanent surface defects of regular or irregular geometries have been reported to initiate ice formation at cirrus temperatures via the liquid phase in a two-step process, involving the condensation and freezing of supercooled water inside these pores. This mechanism has therefore been labelled as pore condensation and freezing (PCF). The PCF mechanism allows formation and stabilization of ice germs in the particle without the formation of macroscopic ice. Coal fly ash (CFA) aerosol particles are known to nucleate ice in the immersion freezing mode and may play a significant role in cloud formation. In our current ice nucleation experiments with CFA particles, which we conducted in the Aerosol Interaction and Dynamics in the Atmosphere (AIDA) aerosol and cloud simulation chamber at the Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Germany, we partly observed a strong increase in the ice-active fraction for experiments performed at temperatures just below the homogeneous freezing of pure water, which could be related to the PCF mechanism. To further investigate the potential of CFA particles undergoing PCF mechanism, we performed a series of temperature-cycling experiments in AIDA. The temperature-cycling experiments involve exposing CFA particles to lower temperatures (down to ~ 228 K), then warming them up to higher temperatures (238 K–273 K) before investigating their ice nucleation properties. For the first time, we report the enhancement of the ice nucleation activity of the CFA particles for temperatures up to 263 K, from which we conclude that it is most likely due to the PCF mechanism. This indicates that ice germs formed in the CFA particles’ pores during cooling remains in the pores during the warming and induces ice crystallization as soon as the pre-activated particles experience ice-supersaturated conditions at warmer temperatures; hence, showing an enhancement in their ice-nucleating ability compared to the scenario where the CFA particles are directly probed at warmer temperatures without temporary cooling. The enhancement in the ice nucleation ability showed a positive correlation with the specific surface area and porosity of the particles. On the one hand, the PCF mechanism could be the prevalent nucleation mode for intrinsic ice formation at cirrus temperatures rather than the previously acclaimed deposition mode. On the other, the PCF mechanism can also play a significant role in mixed-phase cloud formation in a case where the CFA particles are injected from higher altitudes and then transported to lower altitudes after being exposed to lower temperatures.

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