scholarly journals Bacterial Ice Nucleation: A Factor in Frost Injury to Plants

1982 ◽  
Vol 70 (4) ◽  
pp. 1084-1089 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven E. Lindow ◽  
Deane C. Arny ◽  
Christen D. Upper
Keyword(s):  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Frost Injury

scholarly journals 993 THEORY AND APPLICATION OF GENETIC ENGINEERING FOR STRESS RESISTANCE AND AVOIDANCE

HortScience ◽  
1994 ◽  
Vol 29 (5) ◽  
pp. 571d-571
Author(s):  
Steven E. Lindow
Keyword(s):  
Population Size ◽  
Pseudomonas Syringae ◽  
Stress Resistance ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Site Directed Mutagenesis ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Solanum Commersonii ◽  
Frost Injury

Genes determining the ability of the bacterium Pseudomonas syringae to catalyze ice formation have been cloned and characterized. Ice nucleation active (Ice+) strains of this species are common on plants and the supercooling ability of frost sensitive plants is inversely proportional to the logarithm of the population size of Ice+ bacteria at temperatures above -5C. Recombinant Ice- derivatives off. syringae were produced by site-directed mutagenesis using deletion containing ice genes cloned form this species. The Ice- strains colonized potatoes well in field studies, reduced the population size of Ice+ bacterial strains by about 50-fold, and reduced the incidence of frost injury an average of 82% in several radiative frosts of temperatures in the range of -3 to -5 C. The ice gene has also been introduced into Solanum commersonii to determine its effect on increasing the tolerance of ice formation in this frost tolerant species. Transgenic plants exhibit a much higher threshold ice nucleation temperature than the parental plants.

Studies on frost injury to wheat. IV.* Freezing of ears after emergence from the leaf sheath

1974 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 679 ◽  
Author(s):  
WV Single ◽  
H Marcellos
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Sheath ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Internal Factors ◽  
Freeze Resistance ◽  
Ear Development ◽  
Ice Nuclei ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Polyethylene Bags ◽  
Wax Coating ◽  
Internal And External Factors

Internal and external factors which may influence the survival of emerged wheat ears during radiation frost were examined by a number of experiments in a freezing chamber. Hardening, stage of ear development, supercooling and cultivar were the internal factors studied in ears protected from external ice nucleation by enclosure within polyethylene bags. Neither hardening nor stage of ear development had any effect on freeze resistance. Spikelet survival was unaffected by supercooling. Variation in internal ear resistance was revealed among 16 cultivars frozen at –3.9°C. Removal of the cuticular wax coating over the unprotected ear reduced its ability to survive at –3°C in an atmosphere abundant in ice nuclei. This supports the proposal that hydrophobic wax coatings may be important in the field in protecting floral parts from external ice nucleation. The implications of these findings with respect to frost resistance in the field are discussed. _____________________ *Part III, Aust. J. Agric. Res., 17: 601 (1966).

scholarly journals Frost Injury and Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation in Leaves of Tuber-Bearing Solanum Species

1983 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 749-755 ◽  
Author(s):  
Channa B. Rajashekar ◽  
Paul H. Li ◽  
John V. Carter
Keyword(s):  
Solanum Species ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Heterogeneous Ice Nucleation

scholarly journals JENIS DAN POPULASI BAKTERI ICE NUCLEATION ACTIVE PENYEBAB LUKA BEKU PADA DAUN JERUK KEPROK SOE DI DATARAN TINGGI MUTIS

2020 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 127-135
Author(s):  
Hildegardis Missa ◽  
Anselmus Boy Baunsele
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Population ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Test Method ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Class B ◽  
Ina Bacteria ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Active Bacteria ◽  
Ice Nucleation Activity

Research on ice nucleation-active bacteria causes frost injury from tropic areas has not been widely publicized. The purpose of this study was to determine the population of Ice Nucleation-Active Bacteria on Soe tangerines leaves and the class of Ice Nucleation-Active bacteria based on Ice formation temperatures. The collecting of Soe tangerine leaves used the purpose sampling method. Leaves with frost blotches were collected from three stages at altitudes of 1500, 1800, and 2000 meters above sea level (m asl). Bacterial isolation was carried out by the spread plate method on Nutrien Agar 2,5 % glycerol (NAG)  media. Ice Nucleation activity was determined by the tube nucleation test method. Estimation of INA bacterial population was conducted by the multiple-tube nucleation test with Thomas series .3.3.3. The result showed that the highest INA bacterial population was 6.9x104 which was found in leaves samples collected from stations 1800 and 2000 m asl, and the lowest population i.e. 5,4x103 on leaf samples from station 1500 m asl. Based on the temperature of ice formation, it was known that INA bacteria that attack the Soe tangerines leaves Mutis plateau are the INA bacteria class B and C.

scholarly journals New Insights in Potato Leaf Freezing by Infrared Thermography

2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (5) ◽  
pp. 819 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthias Stegner ◽  
Tanja Schäfernolte ◽  
Gilbert Neuner
Keyword(s):  
Infrared Thermography ◽  
Frost Damage ◽  
Ice Nucleation ◽  
Freezing Behavior ◽  
Ice Formation ◽  
Potato Leaf ◽  
Viability Assessment ◽  
Frost Injury ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
Controlled Freezing

Infrared thermography has been widely used to study freezing processes in freezing resistant plants but hardly in freezing susceptible species. Solanum tuberosum leaves get frost killed at −3 °C and are unable to frost harden. The basic nature of frost injury to potato leaves is not clear. By employment of infrared differential thermal analysis (IDTA) in combination with viability assessment, we aimed to clarify the mechanistic relationship between ice formation and frost injury. During controlled freezing of potato leaves two distinct freezing events were detected by IDTA. During the first freezing event, the ice wave propagated via the xylem and spread out within 60 s throughout the whole leaf. When leaves were rewarmed after this freezing event, they did not show any frost injury symptoms. We suggest that this non-lethal first ice wave is restricted to the extracellular space. When leaves remained exposed after this exotherm, a second freezing event with a diffuse freezing pattern without a distinct starting point was recorded. When thawed after this second freezing event, leaves always showed frost damage suggesting intracellular freezing. The freezing behavior of potato leaves and its relation to frost damage corroborates that control of ice nucleation is a key for frost protection.

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