scholarly journals Feasibility Study of Steel Bar Corrosion Monitoring Using a Piezoceramic Transducer Enabled Time Reversal Method

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2304 ◽  
Author(s):  
Linsheng Huo ◽  
Chuanbo Li ◽  
Tianyong Jiang ◽  
Hong-Nan Li
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Time Reversal ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Stress Waves ◽  
Stress Wave Propagation ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Steel Bars

Steel bars, which are commonly used as reinforcements in concrete structures, are slender rods and are good conduits for stress wave propagation. In this paper, a lead zirconate titanate (PZT)-based steel bar corrosion monitoring approach was proposed. Two PZT transducers are surface-bonded on the two ends of a steel rod, respectively. One works as actuator to generate stress waves, and the other functions as a sensor to detect the propagated stress waves. Time reverse technology was applied in this research to monitor the corrosion of the steel bars with a high signal to noise ratio (SNR). Accelerated corrosion experiments of steel bars were conducted. The anti-corrosion performance of the protected piezoceramic transducers was tested first, and then they were used to monitor the corrosion of the steel bar using the time reversal method. The degree of corrosion in the steel bar was determined by the ratio of mass loss during the experiment. The experimental results show that the peak values of the signal that were obtained by time reversal operation are linearly related to the degree of corrosion of the steel bar, which demonstrates the feasibility of the proposed approach for monitoring the corrosion of steel bars using the time reversal method enabled by piezoceramic transducers.

scholarly journals Fabrication and Characterization of PZT Fibered-Epitaxial Thin Film on Si for Piezoelectric Micromachined Ultrasound Transducer

Micromachines ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 9 (9) ◽  
pp. 455 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pham Ngoc Thao ◽  
Shinya Yoshida ◽  
Shuji Tanaka
Keyword(s):  
Thin Film ◽  
Thin Films ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Signal To Noise Ratio ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Ultrasound Transducer ◽  
High Signal ◽  
Epitaxial Thin Film ◽  
Epitaxial Relationship ◽  
Polycrystalline Thin Films

This paper presents a fibered-epitaxial lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin film with intermediate features between the monocrystalline and polycrystalline thin films for piezoelectric micromachined ultrasound transducer (pMUT). The grain boundaries confirmed by scanning electron microscopy, but it still maintained the in-plane epitaxial relationship found by X-ray diffraction analyses. The dielectric constant (εr33 = 500) was relatively high compared to those of the monocrystalline thin films, but was lower than those of conventional polycrystalline thin films near the morphotropic phase boundary composition. The fundamental characterizations were evaluated through the operation tests of the prototyped pMUT with the fibered-epitaxial thin film. As a result, its piezoelectric coefficient without poling treatment was estimated to be e31,f = −10–−11 C/m2, and thus reasonably high compared to polycrystalline thin films. An appropriate poling treatment increased e31,f and decreased εr33. In addition, this unique film was demonstrated to be mechanically tougher than the monocrystalline thin film. It has the potential ability to become a well-balanced piezoelectric film with both high signal-to-noise ratio and mechanical toughness for pMUT.

Characterization of Piezoelectric Nanofiber Composites Acoustic Emission Sensor for Structure Health Monitoring

2012 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Chen ◽  
Yong Shi
Keyword(s):  
Acoustic Emission ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Promising Application ◽  
Soft Polymer ◽  
Active Fiber Composites ◽  
The Mathematical Model

A nanoscale active fiber composites (NAFCs) based acoustic emission (AE) sensor with high sensitivity is developed. The lead zirconate titanate (PZT) nanofibers, with the diameter of approximately 80 nm, were electrospun on a silicon substrate. Nanofibers were parallel aligned on the substrate under a controlled electric field. The interdigitated electrodes were deposited on the PZT nanofibers and packaged by spinning a thin soft polymer layer on the top of the sensor. The hysteresis loop shows a typical ferroelectric property of as-spun PZT nanofibers. The mathematical model of the voltage generation when the elastic waves were reaching the sensor was studied. The sensor was tested by mounting on a steel surface and the measured output voltage under the periodic impact of a grounded steel bar was over 35 mV. The small size of the developed PZT NAFCs AE sensor shows a promising application in monitoring the structures by integration into composites.

An electromechanical impedance-instrumented corrosion-measuring probe

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (14) ◽  
pp. 2135-2146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Weijie Li ◽  
Tiejun Liu ◽  
Shasha Gao ◽  
Mingzhang Luo ◽  
Jianjun Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mass Loss ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Structural Complexity ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Corrosion Monitoring ◽  
Monitoring Methods ◽  
Accelerated Corrosion ◽  
Electromechanical Impedance ◽  
Measuring Probe

Corrosion of metallic structures widely existed in multiple industries, such as oil and gas, civil infrastructure, aerospace, mechanical, mining, and processing. Current available corrosion-monitoring methods are based on different sensing principles, which have their own advantages, and some drawbacks that may limit their application on some aspects. This article presents an electromechanical impedance-instrumented corrosion-measuring probe for corrosion monitoring. The proposed probe is fabricated by attaching a circular lead zirconate titanate patch onto a metal rod. Compared to other electromechanical impedance-based corrosion-monitoring methods, the probe is capable of isolating the influence of structural complexity, variations in loading and boundary conditions. Five probes were fabricated in the experimental study and three of them were subjected to accelerated corrosion tests to mimic the corrosion-induced mass loss damage. Results showed that the peak magnitude of the conductance signatures was reduced with the increase in corrosion amount. The variations in the conductance signatures were quantified by three statistical quantifying metrics, that is, root-mean-square deviation, mean absolute percentage deviation, and correlation coefficient deviation. All these metrics increase with the increase in corrosion amount, which can be used as an indicator of the corrosion process. This study proves that the proposed corrosion-measuring probe is effective in monitoring corrosion and shows promising application potential. This research also serves as a proof-of-concept study to demonstrate the capability of the electromechanical impedance technique in monitoring mass loss due to corrosion.

scholarly journals Prestress Monitoring of a Steel Strand in an Anchorage Connection Using Piezoceramic Transducers and Time Reversal Method

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (11) ◽  
pp. 4018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Zhang ◽  
Liuyu Zhang ◽  
Laijun Liu ◽  
Linsheng Huo
Keyword(s):  
Stress Wave ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Time Reversal ◽  
Stress Wave Propagation ◽  
Suspension Bridges ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Sensors And Actuators ◽  
Anchorage System ◽  
Steel Strand ◽  
Peak Value

Steel strands are widely used in cable stay or suspension bridges. The safety and stability of steel strands are important issues during their operation period. Steel strand is subjected to various types of prestress loss which loosens the wedge anchorage system, negatively impacting the stability of the structure and even leading to severe accidents. In this paper, the authors propose a time reversal (TR) method to monitor the looseness status of the wedge anchorage system by using stress wave based active sensing. As a commonly used piezoceramic material, Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) with a strong piezoelectric effect is employed. In the proposed active sensing approach, PZT patches are used as sensors and actuators to monitor the steel strand looseness status. One PZT patch is bonded to the steel strand, one PZT patch is bonded to the wedges, and another PZT patch is bonded to the barrel. There are three different interfaces of the wedge anchorage system to monitor the steel strand looseness status. In the first method, the PZT patch on the steel strand is used as an actuator to generate a stress wave and the PZT patch on the wedge is used as a sensor to detect the propagated waves through the wedge anchorage system. In the second method, the PZT patch on the steel strand is used as an actuator to generate a stress wave and the PZT patch on the barrel is used as a sensor to detect the propagated waves through the wedge anchorage system. In the third method, the PZT patch on the wedges is used as an actuator to generate a stress wave and the PZT patches on the barrel is used as a sensor to detect the propagated waves through the wedge anchorage system, of which the looseness will directly impact the stress wave propagation. The TR method is utilized to analyze the transmitted signal between PZT patches through the wedge anchorage system. Compared with the peak values of the TR focused signals, it can be found that the peak value increases as the wedge anchorage system tightness increases. Therefore, the peak value of the TR focused signal can be used to monitor the tightness of the steel strand. In addition, the experimental results demonstrated the time reversal method’s reliability, sensitivity and anti-noise property.

scholarly journals Multi-Scale Stress Wave Simulation for Aggregates Segregation Detection of Concrete Core in Circular CFST Coupled with PZT Patches

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongbing Chen ◽  
Bin Xu ◽  
Yilung Mo ◽  
Tianmin Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Stress Wave ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Coupling Effect ◽  
Wavelet Packet ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Stress Wave Propagation ◽  
Voltage Response ◽  
Concrete Aggregate ◽  
Concrete Core ◽  
Multi Scale

In this study, the numerical investigation of the detectability of concrete aggregate segregation in circular concrete-filled steel tubulars (CCFST) based on piezoelectric lead zirconate titanate (PZT) measurement is performed. The stress wave propagation in the concrete core of circular CCFST excited with a surface-mounted PZT actuator is studied with multi-scale and multi-physical field coupling analysis. The piezoelectric effect of PZT patches and its coupling effect with CFSTs are considered. Numerical concrete modeling technology is employed to construct the concrete core composed of randomly distributed aggregates with and without aggregate segregation at different levels, mortar, and an interfacial transition zone (ITZ). The effects of the random distribution of elliptical aggregates, aggregate segregation, and the existence of ITZ in the concrete core on the wave fields in the cross-section and the corresponding voltage response of the embedded PZT sensor are discussed. An evaluation index based on wavelet packet analysis on the output voltage response is defined, and its sensitivity to concrete aggregate segregation is systematically investigated. The multi-scale and multi-physics coupling simulation results indicate that concrete aggregate segregation in the concrete core of CFST members can be efficiently detected based on the stress wave measurement with a PZT sensor.

scholarly journals Monitoring of Epoxy-Grouted Bonding Strength Development between an Anchored Steel Bar and Concrete Using PZT-Enabled Active Sensing

Sensors ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 19 (9) ◽  
pp. 2096 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jian Jiang ◽  
Chuang Hei ◽  
Qian Feng ◽  
Jinwei Jiang
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Bonding Strength ◽  
Concrete Beams ◽  
Wavelet Packet ◽  
Concrete Specimen ◽  
Strength Development ◽  
Active Sensing ◽  
Pull Out ◽  
Steel Bar ◽  
Steel Bars

Anchored steel bars have been widely used in retrofitting of existing concrete structures. The bonding strength between the anchored steel bar and the concrete is critical to the integrity of the strengthened concrete structure. This paper presents a method to monitor epoxy-grouted bonding strength development by using a piezoceramic-enabled active sensing technique. One concrete beam with an anchored steel bar was involved in the monitoring test, and two concrete beams with six anchored steel bars were used in the pull-out test. To enable the active sensing, a Lead Zirconate Titanate (PZT) patch was bonded to the surface of the exposed end, and piezoceramic smart aggregates were embedded in each concrete specimen. During the monitoring experiment, signals from PZT sensors and smart aggregates were acquired at intervals of 0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 min. In addition, a pull-out test was performed on each of the remaining six anchored steel bars in the two concrete beams, while the signal was recorded in the test. Furthermore, a wavelet packet analysis was applied to analyze the received signal energies to investigate the bonding strength development between the concrete and the anchored steel bar during the epoxy solidification process. The test results demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed method in monitoring the bonding strength development between the anchored steel bar and the concrete, using the PZT-enabled active sensing.

scholarly journals Loosening Monitoring of the Threaded Pipe Connection Using Time Reversal Technique and Piezoceramic Transducers

Sensors ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (7) ◽  
pp. 2280 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yabin Liang ◽  
Qian Feng ◽  
Dongsheng Li
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Time Reversal ◽  
Oil And Gas ◽  
Drill Pipe ◽  
Oil And Gas Industry ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Pipeline System ◽  
Practical Applications ◽  
Threaded Connection ◽  
Critical Components

Threaded pipe connections are commonly used in the oil and gas industry in particular to connect casting strings, drill pipe strings, production and transportation risers, and pipelines. As the most critical components in the entire chain, maintaining a sealed and secure connection while being subjected to environmental loads and pollution is very important and necessary to reduce potential leakage risk and guarantee the safety of the entire chain. In this paper, an effective approach using time reversal technique and lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducer was developed to monitor the looseness of the threaded pipe connection. Two threaded pipeline segments connected with a metal coupling were assembled to simulate the threaded connection in the pipeline system. Two PZT patches were mounted on the surface of one pipeline segment and the pipe coupling, respectively. By loosening the threaded connection with different rotation angles, several looseness scenarios were experimentally investigated. For each looseness condition, the developed time reversal-based approach was performed and the corresponding response signal was acquired and analyzed. The experimental results demonstrate that the peak value of the focused signal detected by the PZT sensor decreases with the increase of the looseness degree. The entire test conducted from tightened connection to loosened connection was repeated eight times to validate the repeatability of the developed method and the consistency of the detection results. In addition, the reliability of the developed method was studied by involving high disturbances when the signal was measured. All the test results show that the developed method has a great potential to be employed in practical applications for monitoring the looseness condition of the threaded pipe connection, especially in an environment with severe noises and disturbances.

scholarly journals Health Monitoring of Bolt Looseness in Timber Structures Using PZT-Enabled Time-Reversal Method

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ze Zhao ◽  
Pengcheng Chen ◽  
En Zhang ◽  
Guoyun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Analysis ◽  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Health Monitoring ◽  
Time Reversal ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Maintenance Cost ◽  
Timber Structures ◽  
Prestress Loss ◽  
Loss Index ◽  
Bolt Connection

A prestressed bolt connection is one of the crucial connection types in timber structures. The daily checking and maintenance of bolt connections have to be carried out in order to avoid the collapse of timber structures due to bolt looseness. Real-time health monitoring of bolt connections can not only reduce the daily maintenance cost of timber structures, but it can also avoid property loss and casualties by giving early warning if the bolt connection is loosened in timber structures. This paper proposes a method of prestress monitoring of bolt joints in timber structures by pasting lead zirconate titanate (PZT) patches on the surface of timber structures, and the time-reversal method is applied to denote the connection status of bolts in timber structures. The prestress loss index of timber structural bolts based on wavelet analysis is designed to quantify the bolt looseness of the timber structure. The experimental timber specimen was fabricated consisting of two timber panels, one bolt, and two PZT patches. One of the PZT patches acted as an actuator to emit the stress waves, and another one acted as a sensor to receive the stress wave propagating through the connection interface. The experimental results showed that the amplitude of the focused signal increases significantly with the increase of the prestress value of the bolts, which verify that the proposed method can be utilized to monitor the looseness of bolts in timber structures. The analysis results of the focused signal is proof that the prestress loss index of timber structural bolts designed based on wavelet analysis can reflect the looseness of timber structural bolts.

scholarly journals Detecting of the Longitudinal Grouting Quality in Prestressed Curved Tendon Duct Using Piezoceramic Transducers

Sensors ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 1212 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tianyong Jiang ◽  
Bin He ◽  
Yaowen Zhang ◽  
Lei Wang
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Wavelet Packet ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Stress Waves ◽  
Longitudinal Plane ◽  
Power Spectral ◽  
Experimental Process ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Grouting Materials

To understand the characteristics of longitudinal grouting quality, this paper developed a stress wave-based active sensing method using piezoceramic transducers to detect longitudinal grouting quality of the prestressed curved tendon ducts. There were four lead zirconate titanate (PZT) transducers installed in the same longitudinal plane. One of them, mounted on the bottom of the curved tendon duct, was called as an actuator for generating stress waves. The other three, pasted on the top of the curved tendon duct, were called as sensors for detecting the wave responses. The experimental process was divided into five states during the grouting, which included 0%, 50%, 75%, 90%, and 100% grouting. The voltage signals, power spectral density (PSD) energy and wavelet packet energy were adopted in this research. Experimental results showed that all the amplitudes of the above analysis indicators were small before the grouting reached 90%. Only when the grouting degree reached the 100% grouting, these parameters increased significantly. The results of different longitudinal PZT sensors were mainly determined by the distance from the generator, the position of grouting holes, and the fluidity of grouting materials. These results showed the longitudinal grouting quality can be effectively evaluated by analyzing the difference between the signals received by the PZT transducers in the curved tendon duct. The devised method has certain application value in detecting the longitudinal grouting quality of prestressed curved tendon duct.

Convergent-bceam diffraction studies on lead zirconate titanate Ceramics

1986 ◽  
Vol 44 ◽  
pp. 482-483
Author(s):  
M.L.A. Dass ◽  
T.A. Bielicki ◽  
G. Thomas ◽  
T. Yamamoto ◽  
K. Okazaki
Keyword(s):  
Lead Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Direct Proof ◽  
Lead Zirconate ◽  
Subsolidus Phase ◽  
Pzt Ceramics ◽  
Subsolidus Phase Diagram ◽  
Zirconate Titanate ◽  
Two Phases ◽  
Cbd Method ◽  
Titanate Ceramics

Lead zirconate titanate, Pb(Zr,Ti)O3 (PZT), ceramics are ferroelectrics formed as solid solutions between ferroelectric PbTiO3 and ant iferroelectric PbZrO3. The subsolidus phase diagram is shown in figure 1. PZT transforms between the Ti-rich tetragonal (T) and the Zr-rich rhombohedral (R) phases at a composition which is nearly independent of temperature. This phenomenon is called morphotropism, and the boundary between the two phases is known as the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB). The excellent piezoelectric and dielectric properties occurring at this composition are believed to.be due to the coexistence of T and R phases, which results in easy poling (i.e. orientation of individual grain polarizations in the direction of an applied electric field). However, there is little direct proof of the coexistence of the two phases at the MPB, possibly because of the difficulty of distinguishing between them. In this investigation a CBD method was found which would successfully differentiate between the phases, and this was applied to confirm the coexistence of the two phases.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document