scholarly journals A Study on the Annealing Ambient Effect on the Anti-Pollution Characteristics of Functional Film for PV Modules

2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 2285
Author(s):  
Sejin Jung ◽  
Jung Kim ◽  
Jang Ko ◽  
Wonseok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Pollution Characteristics ◽  
Pv Modules

In this study, functional coating film was fabricated on glass for photovoltaic (PV) modules to improve the anti-pollution characteristics of PV modules. The functional coating film applied to a glass substrate through the spray coating method was annealed at 300 °C for 10 min in H2, N2, Ar, O2, and vacuum ambient. The contact angle of the coated surface was measured and it was confirmed that the anti-pollution characteristics were improved as the contact angle decreased. The light transmittance was measured and it exhibited the most excellent characteristics in vacuum. The hardness and adhesion were measured as the mechanical characteristics and they were all excellent regardless of the annealing ambient. Based on the analyzed characteristics, the process conditions of functional coating films were optimized to improve the anti-pollution and mechanical characteristics. If the coating process optimized in this study is applied to PV modules based on these results, improvement in the anti-pollution characteristics can be expected.

scholarly journals Development of an anti-pollution coating process technology for the application of an on-site PV module

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
pp. 332-336
Author(s):  
Sejin Jung ◽  
Wonseok Choi ◽  
Jung Hyun Kim ◽  
Jang Myoun Ko
Keyword(s):  
Simple Procedure ◽  
Annealing Treatment ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Process Conditions ◽  
Process Technology ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Pollution Characteristics ◽  
Pv Module ◽  
Pv Modules

This study aimed to apply annealing processes during the coating of photovoltaic (PV) module glasses to PV modules already installed through an easy and simple procedure. Three types of annealing treatments were applied to PV module glasses, i.e., furnace, rapid thermal annealing (RTA) and torch. Among these, torch annealing, which can be easily carried out at PV module installation sites, was applied to PV module glasses using different numbers of repetition. Light transmittance, contact angle, anti-pollution characteristics, adhesion and hardness of the functional coating films after using different annealing treatment times and methods were measured, and it was confirmed that these characteristics varied depending on the annealing treatment times and methods. Through this, it was possible to optimize the process conditions that provide excellent anti-pollution characteristics and could be easily utilized at on-site PV modules.

Characteristics of Functional Coating Films on Glass Substrates for Photovoltaic Modules According to the Coating Method Used

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1425-1428
Author(s):  
Ma Minh Trang ◽  
Changyeon Lee ◽  
Jung Hyun Kim ◽  
Young Park ◽  
Yeon-Ho Joung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Integrating Sphere ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Glass Substrates ◽  
Hot Air ◽  
Pv Modules ◽  
Coating Method

This study analyzes characteristics of anti-pollution functional coating films on glass substrates for PV modules that were coated using different methods and annealed using hot air fans. For the purpose of this study, antipollution functional coating films were applied on glass substrates made of the same material as the cover glass for PV modules. Each one of the following three coating methods: brushing, fabric and dipping was applied into separate specimens. Afterwards, all the films were rest in room temperature for 20 minutes and then annealed using hot air fans at 300 °C for 2 minutes. Specimens undergone both coating and annealing process were analyzed for their anti-pollution properties, contact angle, optical characteristics and other mechanical properties such as hardness and adhesion. Contact angle was analyzed using a contact-angle analyzer, and light transmittance was analyzed using UV-visible which is capable of utilizing the integrating sphere. Based on the results of this study, the most suitable coating method for hot-fan-annealed film was found. If the coating process proposed in this study is applied to PV modules production, improvement in anti-pollution characteristics as well as energy generation efficiency can be expected.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Functional Film Synthesized on the Cover Glass of Photovoltaic Modules

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6671
Author(s):  
Seungcheol Yoo ◽  
Changyeon Lee ◽  
Seokwon Lee ◽  
Chulsoo Kim ◽  
Wonseok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Testing Method

In this study, the characteristics of functional films were investigated according to the number of coatings and their heat treatment times. The functional coating films were deposited on glass substrates made of the same material as the cover glass of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Each film was coated once by brushing with a special silica-based solution, and each heat treatment was done using a hot-air fan for 2 min at 300 °C. The substrates were coated once, twice, and thrice, respectively, and were annealed once, twice, and thrice by drying and cooling alternately. The specimens were then analyzed for their anti-pollution properties, contact angles, light transmittance, and mechanical properties. The anti-pollution function was confirmed through a self-cleaning test, while the contact angle and light transmittance were examined using special equipment. Mechanical properties, including hardness and adhesion, were confirmed using the standard hardness testing method (ASTM D3363) such as those using an H-9H, F, HB, or B-6B pencil (Mitsubishi, Japan) and a standard adhesion testing method (ASTM D3359). It was confirmed that the film coated once yielded a very low contact angle of 8.9° and very good anti-pollution properties. Its adhesion and strength also showed high values of 5B and 9H, respectively.

The preparation and properties of a transparent coating based on organic silicone resins

2015 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 48-52 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jia-Neng Cheng ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Hongwei Che ◽  
Guoping Yan ◽  
Xinghai Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Design Methodology ◽  
Impact Resistance ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Protective Film ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Good Adhesion ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Transparent Coating ◽  
Scanning Electron

Purpose – The purpose of this investigation was to study a transparent coating based on organic silicone resins prepared by the hydrolysis and condensation of methyltriethoxysilane and tetraethoxysilane. Design/methodology/approach – The coating film was characterized by IR, UV, thermal gravity analysis, scanning electron microscope and an automatic contact angle meter. Some properties of the coating film, such as adhesion, impact resistance and wear-resistance also were evaluated. Findings – These uniform, clear and smooth coating films possessed the high transparent and light transmittance, high density, high hydrophobicity, good adhesion, hardness and anti-corrosion. Originality/value – The coating may be considered as a protective film for the surfaces of the metals and plastics.

Polarization characteristics of four types of coating films by thermal spray in seawater solution

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (06n07) ◽  
pp. 1540019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyung-Man Moon ◽  
Yun-Hae Kim ◽  
Myeong-Hoon Lee ◽  
Tae-Sil Baek
Keyword(s):  
Corrosion Resistance ◽  
Thermal Spray ◽  
Pure Aluminum ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Thermal Spray Coating ◽  
Arc Spraying ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Pure Zinc ◽  
Aluminum Sample

Thermal spray coating method has been known to be an attractive technique due to its relatively high coating speed. However, a high corrosion resistance of the coating film deposited by thermal spray method should be improved to prolong its lifetime. In this study, four types of coated films (DFT: 400 μm), that is, pure zinc, pure aluminum and two Al – Zn alloy ( Al : Zn = 85:15 and Al : Zn = 95:5) films were coated onto a carbon steel (SS401) with arc spraying, and the corrosion behaviors of these samples were investigated using the electrochemical method. The pure aluminum sample had the best corrosion resistance in seawater solution and alloy ( Al : Zn = 85:15) film, so called galvalume followed the pure aluminum sample, moreover, the alloy ( Al : Zn = 95:5) sample exhibited the worst corrosion resistance.

Characterization of Anti-Pollution Films by Thickness for Photovoltaic Modules That Can Be Applied in the Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1420-1424
Author(s):  
Changyeon Lee ◽  
Jung Hyun Kim ◽  
Young Park ◽  
Yeon-Ho Joung ◽  
Wonseok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Hot Air

In this study, the characteristics of functional coating films were investigated to improve the anti-pollution properties and efficiency of PV (Photovoltaic) module according to the variation of coating film thickness. Functional coating was applied of a glass substrate, which was composed with the same material as PV module. Brush coating method was used for the coating process. We coated the functional film on the glass substrate 1, 2 and 3 times alternately in the horizontal and vertical directions to change the film thickness, and a hot air fan equipment was used as a heat treatment process for easy application to existing PV modules. The heat treatment process was performed for 2 minutes after the coating process using a hot air fan equipment. After coating and heat treatment, glass substrates were analyzed for the anti-pollution properties, contact angle, optical properties and the mechanical properties such as hardness and adhesion. The anti-pollution properties were identified through self-cleaning test. The contact angle of the functional coating film was measured by a contact angle analyzer, and the optical properties were measured via UV-visible spectroscopy, which can be used as an integrating sphere. The hardness of the functional film was measured by the standard hardness testing method using H-9H, F, HB and B-6B pencil. Also, the adhesion of the functional film was measured by the standard adhesion testing method.

Properties of Nano-Hybrid Sol-Gel Coating Films Synthesized with Colloidal Silica and Organoalkoxy Silanes

2008 ◽  
Vol 569 ◽  
pp. 69-72 ◽  
Author(s):  
Moon Kyong Na ◽  
Hoy Yul Park ◽  
Dong Pil Kang ◽  
Myeong Sang Ahn
Keyword(s):  
Contact Angle ◽  
Colloidal Silica ◽  
Epoxy Group ◽  
Sol Gel ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Methyl Group ◽  
Methoxy Groups ◽  
Coating Procedure ◽  
The Stability

Three kinds of colloidal silica (CS)/silane sol were prepared. Sols are involved with the kinds of silane with different organic group. Methyltrimethoxysilane (MTMS) has the three methoxy groups and a methyl group. γ-Glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (GTMS) has the three methoxy groups and a bulky epoxy group. GTMS was added to two sols with different amount. When sol reacted for 10 days, viscosity increased dramatically. Trasnmittance of sols reacted for 10 days decreased rapidly, too. It indicated the stability of sol degraded. Sol-gel coating films were formed on glass substrate using spin coating procedure with reaction time for 10 days. Coating films were flat and transparent without cracking. CS/MTMS coating films showed high contact angle. When large amount of GTMS was added, contact angle decreased due to its epoxy group. No thermal degradation of CS/MTMS coating film occurred up to 600 oC. CS/MTMS/GTMS coating film degraded at 400 oC for decomposition of epoxy group which has long organic chain which easily degraded by the thermal shock.

scholarly journals Ecofriendly Preparation and Characterization of a Cassava Starch/Polybutylene Adipate Terephthalate Film

Processes ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 329
Author(s):  
Tan Yi ◽  
Minghui Qi ◽  
Qi Mo ◽  
Lijie Huang ◽  
Hanyu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Vapor ◽  
Composite Film ◽  
Water Absorption ◽  
Composite Films ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Infrared Spectrometry ◽  
Nano Zno

Composite films of polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT) were prepared by adding thermoplastic starch (TPS) (TPS/PBAT) and nano-zinc oxide (nano-ZnO) (TPS/PBAT/nano-ZnO). The changes of surface morphology, thermal properties, crystal types and functional groups of starch during plasticization were analyzed by scanning electron microscopy, synchronous thermal analysis, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectrometry, mechanical property tests, and contact Angle and transmittance tests. The relationship between the addition of TPS and the tensile strength, transmittance, contact angle, water absorption, and water vapor barrier of the composite film, and the influence of nano-ZnO on the mechanical properties and contact angle of the 10% TPS/PBAT composite film. Experimental results show that, after plasticizing, the crystalline form of starch changed from A-type to V-type, the functional group changed and the lipophilicity increased; the increase of TPS content, the light transmittance and mechanical properties of the composite membrane decreased, while the water vapor transmittance and water absorption increased. The mechanical properties of the composite can be significantly improved by adding nano-ZnO at a lower concentration (optimum content is 1 wt%).

Fast and simple fabrication of SiO2/poly(vinylidene fluoride) coated cotton fabrics with asymmetric wettability via a facile spray-coating route

2018 ◽  
Vol 89 (6) ◽  
pp. 1013-1026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rongrong Yu ◽  
Mingwei Tian ◽  
Lijun Qu ◽  
Shifeng Zhu ◽  
Jianhua Ran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Thermal Conductivity ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Water Contact Angle ◽  
Vinylidene Fluoride ◽  
Spray Coating ◽  
Cotton Fabrics ◽  
Water Repellent ◽  
Water Contact ◽  
Repellent Property ◽  
Poly Vinylidene Fluoride

Cotton fabrics with hydrophilic-to-hydrophobic asymmetric surfaces are attractive as potential utilizable structures for functional garments. The spray-coating route could be deemed as a fast and simple way to achieve asymmetric surfaces. In this paper, SiO2 nanoparticles with size ∼ 205 nm were synthesized via the modified sol-gel method, and then modified with poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF) to form a hydrophobic surface. The SiO2 nanoparticles modified with PVDF were uniformly deposited on the outer surface of cotton fabric aided with the robust air flow force from the sprayer. The morphology and chemical structures were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, mapping, atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. The results indicated that SiO2 nanoparticles were evenly deposited on the surface of cotton fibers and stable interfacial interaction occurred between SiO2 and PVDF molecular chains. The existence of SiO2 could increase the roughness of the fabric surface, which could enhance the water-repellent property of the coated fabrics. Furthermore, the water-repellent property and thermal insulation properties were evaluated via the water contact angle and thermal conductivity tests, respectively, and the results showed that 20 wt.% SiO2/PVDF fabric achieved a desirable level of contact angle, 136.6°, which was the largest water contact angle among all the samples, and the lowest thermal conductivity of 0.033 W/mK, resulting from the existence of SiO2 nanoparticles. Such a fast and simple spray-coating strategy could be widely introduced into asymmetric fabric modification, and such asymmetric fabrics with reasonable water-repellent and thermal insulating outer surfaces could act as candidates in the field of functional garments.

scholarly journals EFFICIENCY OF MODIFYING ADDITIVES IN POWDER COATING MATERIALS

2021 ◽  
pp. 47-57
Author(s):  
V.І. Gots ◽  
◽  
О.V. Lastivka ◽  
О.О. Tomin ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Surface Tension ◽  
Silicon Dioxide ◽  
Mechanical Characteristics ◽  
Powder Coating ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Powder Coatings ◽  
High Effectiveness ◽  
Modifying Additives ◽  
Polymer Resin ◽  
Technical Specifications

Rapid rates of development in production of powder coatings are, in comparison to liquid paint-and-lacquer materials, evidence of their importance, high effectiveness and prospectivity. The increase in popularity of powder coatings can be explained by their environmental adequacy and attractiveness from the perspective of the environmental protection as well as high effectiveness related to the possibility of obtaining high quality protective and decorative coatings during the one-layer application. At the same time, it is obvious that during modern powder coating-and-lacquer materials have not exhausted all possibilities of improving pharmaceutical compositions and expanding the assortment as well as modernizing their production technology the relatively short period of their development. The composition of the thermosetting powder coating contains five key components: polymer resin, hardener, pigments, fillers and functional additives. In general, the polymer resin and hardener play a key role in ensuring necessary mechanical characteristics and lifespan of the powder coating. In this case, the role of functional (modifying) additives is extremely important to obtain characteristics that are often fundamentally required to meet predetermined technical specifications of the products and needs of end users. Additives play an important role in forming properties of powder coatings and coatings based on them as they have become their integral part for several main reasons: because of control of rheological properties, surface defects as well as light and temperature stabilization of coatings. The study deals influence of modifying additives on properties of the powder coating. The authors using rheological and degassing modifying additives with different nature of the main active substance. It was found that the additives based on the acrylate polymer adsorbed on the silicon dioxide in the form of Byk-3900P and on the polyoxyethylene derivative of the castor oil in the form of Luvotix R400 decreasing the surface tension in the coating film, which, in its turn, contributes to the increase in the wettability of base during the melting of the powder coating, decrease the ‘orange peel’ effect during the cross-linking, reduction in pinholes on the obtained surface and improvement of mechanical characteristics of the coating. At the same time, rheological additives based on the bentonite in the form of Luvogel 4B and on the hydrophilic silicon dioxide in the form of Cab-o-sil M5 cause the increase in the surface tension in the coating film, which, in its turn, leads to the worsening of flow, appearance and mechanical characteristics of the powder coating.

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