Characterization of Anti-Pollution Films by Thickness for Photovoltaic Modules That Can Be Applied in the Field

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (9) ◽  
pp. 1420-1424
Author(s):  
Changyeon Lee ◽  
Jung Hyun Kim ◽  
Young Park ◽  
Yeon-Ho Joung ◽  
Wonseok Choi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Coating Process ◽  
Coating Film ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Testing Method ◽  
Hot Air

In this study, the characteristics of functional coating films were investigated to improve the anti-pollution properties and efficiency of PV (Photovoltaic) module according to the variation of coating film thickness. Functional coating was applied of a glass substrate, which was composed with the same material as PV module. Brush coating method was used for the coating process. We coated the functional film on the glass substrate 1, 2 and 3 times alternately in the horizontal and vertical directions to change the film thickness, and a hot air fan equipment was used as a heat treatment process for easy application to existing PV modules. The heat treatment process was performed for 2 minutes after the coating process using a hot air fan equipment. After coating and heat treatment, glass substrates were analyzed for the anti-pollution properties, contact angle, optical properties and the mechanical properties such as hardness and adhesion. The anti-pollution properties were identified through self-cleaning test. The contact angle of the functional coating film was measured by a contact angle analyzer, and the optical properties were measured via UV-visible spectroscopy, which can be used as an integrating sphere. The hardness of the functional film was measured by the standard hardness testing method using H-9H, F, HB and B-6B pencil. Also, the adhesion of the functional film was measured by the standard adhesion testing method.

scholarly journals Characteristics of Functional Film Synthesized on the Cover Glass of Photovoltaic Modules

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (20) ◽  
pp. 6671
Author(s):  
Seungcheol Yoo ◽  
Changyeon Lee ◽  
Seokwon Lee ◽  
Chulsoo Kim ◽  
Wonseok Choi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Contact Angle ◽  
Contact Angles ◽  
Light Transmittance ◽  
Cover Glass ◽  
Coating Films ◽  
Special Equipment ◽  
Functional Coating ◽  
Testing Method

In this study, the characteristics of functional films were investigated according to the number of coatings and their heat treatment times. The functional coating films were deposited on glass substrates made of the same material as the cover glass of photovoltaic (PV) modules. Each film was coated once by brushing with a special silica-based solution, and each heat treatment was done using a hot-air fan for 2 min at 300 °C. The substrates were coated once, twice, and thrice, respectively, and were annealed once, twice, and thrice by drying and cooling alternately. The specimens were then analyzed for their anti-pollution properties, contact angles, light transmittance, and mechanical properties. The anti-pollution function was confirmed through a self-cleaning test, while the contact angle and light transmittance were examined using special equipment. Mechanical properties, including hardness and adhesion, were confirmed using the standard hardness testing method (ASTM D3363) such as those using an H-9H, F, HB, or B-6B pencil (Mitsubishi, Japan) and a standard adhesion testing method (ASTM D3359). It was confirmed that the film coated once yielded a very low contact angle of 8.9° and very good anti-pollution properties. Its adhesion and strength also showed high values of 5B and 9H, respectively.

Influence of ZnO and Heat Treatment Process on the Physical and Optical Properties of MgO-Al2O3-SiO2Glass-Ceramics

2018 ◽  
Vol 7 (4) ◽  
pp. N42-N45
Author(s):  
Bin Hu ◽  
Baoping Yuan ◽  
Pengfei Wang ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Jianjun Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Optical Properties ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Heat Treatment Process

Optimization of Heat Treatment Process of ZE41A Magnesium Alloy Using Grey- Based Taguchi Method

2008 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 63-69
Author(s):  
M. Sivapragash ◽  
◽  
V. Sateeshkumar ◽  
P.R. Lakshminarayanan ◽  
R. Karthikeyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Magnesium Alloy ◽  
Taguchi Method ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Heat Treatment Process

EFFECT ON HARDNESS and MICRO STRUCTURAL BEHAVIOUR OF TOOL STEEL AFTER HEAT TREATMENT PROCESS

2017 ◽  
Vol 4 (24) ◽  
Author(s):  
Karanbir Singh ◽  
Aditya Chhabra ◽  
Vaibhav Kapoor ◽  
Vaibhav Kapoor
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Empirical Study ◽  
Tool Steel ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Structural Behaviour ◽  
Treatment Processes ◽  
En 31

This study is conducted to analyze the effect on the Hardness and Micro Structural Behaviour of three Sample Grades of Tool Steel i.e. EN-31, EN-8, and D3 after Heat Treatment Processes Such As Annealing, Normalizing, and Hardening and Tempering. The purpose of Selecting Tool Steel is Because Tool Steel is Mostly Used in the Manufacturing Industry.This study is based upon the empirical study which means it is derived from experiment and observation rather than theory.

Failure Analysis on a Counterweight Assembly of an Aeroengine

2011 ◽  
Vol 339 ◽  
pp. 342-348
Author(s):  
Hai Jun Tang ◽  
Hong Yu Yao
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Stress Concentration ◽  
Failure Analysis ◽  
Failure Mechanism ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Material Loss ◽  
Structure Strength ◽  
Crucial Part

The paper presents a failure analysis on a counterweight assembly installed on crank shaft which resulted in an in-flight shutdown of a piston aeroengine. The counterweight assembly failure includes counterweight block material loss and fractured washer which is the most crucial part for in-flight shutdown in this type of aeroengine. Macro observation, fractography analysis, metallography analysis and hardness test were conducted on the failed counterweight assembly. The result shows that failure mechanism of counterweight block and washer is fatigue. The washer failure is likely due to inappropriate heat treatment process and continuous impact in flight by slightly tilted roller. Counterweight material loss is attributed to stress concentration, low structure strength and impact came from the tilted roller. Finally some safety suggestion on design and maintenance is given.

Relationship of Microstructure and Mechanical Properties in Er-Containing Aluminum Alloy

2015 ◽  
Vol 1120-1121 ◽  
pp. 1109-1114
Author(s):  
Xin Lei ◽  
Hui Huang ◽  
S.P. Wen
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Aluminum Alloy ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Mg Alloys ◽  
The Other ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Comprehensive Performance ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
Al Mg Alloys

This study investigated the mechanical properties and microstructures of Er-containing Al–Mg alloys. The research found that the H114-T sheet of Er-containing Al–Mg alloys showed a relative good comprehensive performance in mechanical properties. With the special rolling and heat treatment process, this H114-T sheet showed different morphology of microstructures with the other sheets in Er-containing Al–Mg alloys. Grains in H114-T sheet performed irregular shape polygon, a number of subgrains appeared in grains, the amount of dislocations in grains decreased. H114-T sheet possessed a lot of Copper texture, this may be one of important factors influenced the mechanical properties.

Network Carbide Inheritance during Heat Treatment Process of Large Shield Machine Bearing Steel GCr15SiMn

2015 ◽  
Vol 817 ◽  
pp. 115-120 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dan Zhang ◽  
Le Yu Zhou ◽  
Chao Lei Zhang ◽  
Chao Huang ◽  
Min Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Treatment ◽  
Treatment Process ◽  
Bearing Steel ◽  
Treatment Temperature ◽  
Heat Treatment Process ◽  
Soaking Time ◽  
Hot Rolled ◽  
Chinese Standard ◽  
Shield Machine ◽  
Quenching And Tempering

Network carbide inheritance during heat treatment process of large shield machine bearing steel GCr15SiMn was investigated by heat treatment experiments and quantitative metallographic. Samples with the proeutectoid cementite network thickness in the range of 0.19~0.54 μm were obtained by changing austenitizing temperature and soaking time of pearlite transformation. The results show that the network in hot rolled bar can be improved when the pre-heat treatment temperature is 950 °C. When the network thickness is above 0.40 μm, the undissolved cementite networks present in microstructures after quenching and tempering. In a Chinese standard, the network grades are 1.5 and 3.0 degree when the networks thickness are 0.40 μm and 0.54 μm, respectively. The critical network thickness that can be eliminated by heat treatment is 0.29 μm.

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