scholarly journals Pulmonary Effects Due to Physical Exercise in Polluted Air: Evidence from Studies Conducted on Healthy Humans

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2890
Author(s):  
Oscar F. Araneda ◽  
Franz Kosche-Cárcamo ◽  
Humberto Verdugo-Marchese ◽  
Marcelo Tuesta
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Health Risks ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Basic Research ◽  
Private Institutions ◽  
Healthy Humans ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Rational Practice

Physical inactivity has caused serious effects on the health of the population, having an impact on the quality of life and the cost of healthcare for many countries. This has motivated government and private institutions to promote regular physical activity, which, paradoxically, can involve health risks when it is carried out in areas with poor air quality. This review collects information from studies conducted on healthy humans related to the pulmonary effects caused by the practice of physical activity when there is poor air quality. In addition, several challenges related to the technological and educational areas, as well as to applied and basic research, have been identified to facilitate the rational practice of exercise in poor air quality conditions.

Abstract 16: Economic Cost of Type 2 Diabetes Attributable to Physical Inactivity in the United States in 2012

Circulation ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 133 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Priyank P Shah ◽  
Fayez Shamoon ◽  
Mahesh Bikkina ◽  
Harold Kohl
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Leisure Time ◽  
Sensitivity Analyses ◽  
Physical Activity Guidelines ◽  
Average Annual Cost ◽  
The Cost ◽  
The U.S

Objective: Type 2 diabetes has grown to epidemic proportions in the U.S. and physical activity levels in the population continues to remain low, although it is a major primary preventive strategy for diabetes. The objectives of this study were to estimate the direct medical costs of type 2 diabetes attributable to not meeting physical activity Guidelines and to physical inactivity in the U.S. in 2012. Methods: This was a cross sectional study that used physical activity prevalence data from the 2012 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS). Estimates of relative risk of type 2 diabetes for subjects not engaging in any leisure time physical activity and those not meeting physical activity guidelines were obtained for multiple studies published in the literature. Using the prevalence of not meeting physical activity guidelines, physical inactivity and the respective relative risks, the population attributable risk percentage (PAR%) for type 2 diabetes was estimated by Levin’s formula. These data were combined with the prevalence and cost data of type 2 diabetes (in 2012) to estimate the cost of type 2 diabetes attributable to not meeting physical activity Guidelines, and to physical inactivity in 2012. Sensitivity analyses were done for i) varying the prevalence of not meeting physical activity guidelines from 30-70%, and ii) varying the average annual cost of type 2 diabetes from $4394 (for person less than 45 years of age) to $11825 (for person greater than 65 years of age). Results: The prevalence of U.S. population meeting physical activity guidelines and engaging in no leisure time activity was 50% and 30% respectively in 2012. The average annual cost attributable to type 2 diabetes in the US, was $7888 per person. The cost of type 2 diabetes in the U.S. in 2012, attributable to not meeting physical activity guidelines was estimated to be $18.6 billion, and that attributable to physical inactivity was estimated to be $5.9 billion. Based on sensitivity analyses, these estimates ranged from $10.36 billion to $27.9 billion for not meeting physical activity guidelines and $3.3 billion to $8.87 billion for physical inactivity in the year 2012. Conclusions: This study shows that billions of dollars could be saved annually just in terms of type 2 diabetes cost in the U.S., if the entire adult population was active enough to meet physical activity guidelines. Physical activity promotion, particularly at the environmental and policy level should be a priority in the population.

scholarly journals Simulation and Analysis of Various Ventilation Systems Given in an Example in the Same School of Indoor Air Quality

Energies ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 12 (15) ◽  
pp. 2845 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Gładyszewska-Fiedoruk ◽  
Vasyl Zhelykh ◽  
Andrii Pushchinskyi
Keyword(s):  
Carbon Dioxide ◽  
Air Quality ◽  
Natural Ventilation ◽  
Ventilation System ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Concentration ◽  
Additional Energy ◽  
Exhaust Ventilation ◽  
Building Ventilation ◽  
The Cost

The quality of internal air is one of the factors that affect the pace and quality of knowledge acquisition. Therefore, it is important that classrooms have high quality of air. Using computer simulation, the effect of various building ventilation variants on air quality in classrooms was analyzed. Two criteria were analyzed and six variants of ventilation. The analysis was carried out using the CONTAMW program, used for multi-zone analysis of ventilation and air quality in a building. As an indicator of air quality, the concentration of carbon dioxide in school halls was adopted. The analyses show that natural ventilation is not able to provide proper air exchange. Regular airing of classrooms during breaks can reduce the carbon dioxide concentration to 2500 ppm, however, there is a significant reduction in indoor temperature (even below 10 °C). The best control over the internal environment can be obtained by using a supply–exhaust ventilation system with heat recovery. Obtaining a higher stabilization of ventilation is achieved by supplying additional energy to drive fans, however, this is only a small amount of energy compared to the cost of heat for heating the building (maximum 2%).

scholarly journals Psychosocial Problems and Physical Activity at Different Ages in Patients with Epilepsy

2018 ◽  
Vol 2 (89) ◽  
Author(s):  
Elvyra Grinienė ◽  
Viktorija Pečinina
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Antiepileptic Drugs ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychosocial Problems ◽  
Health Problems ◽  
Activity Levels ◽  
Patients With Epilepsy

Research background and hypothesis. Physical inactivity of patients with epilepsy is associated with the course of the disease, treatment, preconceived attitudes and myths that their physical activity might be dangerous and cause seizures (Steinhoff et al., 1996; Nakken, 2001 ).The aim of our research was to examine the links between the psychosocial problems of patients’ with epilepsy, their hysical activity, self-reported quality of life as well as their connection with patients’ age. Research  methods.  The  participants  were  209  patients  with  epilepsy  from  three  different  regions  (Šiauliai, Panevėžys and Pasvalys) of Lithuania. The subjects were selected with the help of quantitative closed-type survey – QOLIE-89 and IPAQ international questionnaire. The research findings were compared between two age groups: younger (20–39 years of age) and senior (40–59 years of age) subjects. Research results. The main psychosocial problems for patients with epilepsy were concerns about possible injuries during the seizures, experience of shame and other social restraint, health problems that might occur as a result of taking antiepileptic drugs for a long period of time, negative effects of antiepileptic drugs and memory impairments. These problems were more common among younger respondents (p < 0.05). Physical activity levels in patients with epilepsy were inadequate and different. The main factor that contributed to these differences was patients’ age. Younger respondents trained more in their leisure time, while seniors spent more time reading or sleeping (p = 0.002).Younger patients lacked knowledge about the most appropriate types of physical activities, senior  respondents  were  inactive  were  to  the  disapproval  of  medical  professionals  and  their  health  problems  (p = 0.006). Younger respondents evaluated their lifestyle as good enough more often than seniors. Discussion  and  conclusion.  Psychosocial  problems  and  physical  inactivity  of  patients  with  epilepsy  were connected with their age. Younger respondents more often than seniors were physically active and their self-reported quality of life was good.Keywords: age of patients with epilepsy, social problems, physical activity, evaluation of lifestyle.

Levels of Physical Activity and Their Relationship With Motivational Determinants, Self-Regulation, and Other Health-Related Parameters in University Students

2021 ◽  
pp. 003329412110051
Author(s):  
José María Faílde-Garrido ◽  
Laura Ruiz Soriano ◽  
Miguel A. Simón
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
University Students ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Self Regulation ◽  
Health Related Quality ◽  
Related Quality ◽  
Health Related ◽  
Physically Inactive

Motivational processes and emotional self-regulation are relevant factors for predicting the practice of physical exercise and for certain health-related parameters. The aim of the present work, developed along two different phases, was, on the one hand, to determine the prevalence of physical inactivity and, on the other hand, to carry out a comparative analysis between physically active and inactive university students in relation to their motivational determinants, emotional self-regulation, physical condition, health-related quality of life and other health parameters. The results obtained showed a prevalence of physical inactivity of 12.78%. Physically inactive participants showed significantly lower scores in intrinsic motivation, emotion regulation, and in some dimensions of health-related quality of life, as well as significantly high levels of body fat mass. Lastly, logistic regression analysis identified low scores in Emotional Clarity ( p= .009) and Identified Regulation ( p = .011), and high scores in Amotivation ( p = .006) as reliable predictors of a physically inactive lifestyle. These results are useful for the design and implementation of programs aimed at promoting health and physical activity, with special attention on physically inactive youth populations.

scholarly journals AB0877-HPR EXERCISE COMPLIANCE AND DISEASE STATUS IN PATIENTS WITH RHEUMATIC DISEASES DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC

2021 ◽  
Vol 80 (Suppl 1) ◽  
pp. 1462.1-1462
Author(s):  
G. G. Pala ◽  
Z. Tuna ◽  
N. G. Tore ◽  
S. Bayram ◽  
F. Sarİ ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Rheumatic Diseases ◽  
Physical Activity Level ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Morning Stiffness ◽  
Disease Status ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Exercise Compliance

Background:The COVID-19 pandemic affects the whole world in many ways. In an effort to slow down the infection, physical distancing and isolation policies have been implemented in Turkey, likewise the rest of the world. Thereby, rheumatic diseases require to obey the self-isolation recommendations strictly due to general vulnerability to infections in those patients. Due to the precautions taken for isolation, the physical inactivity level of the patients which would affect the disease activity has increased (1).Objectives:The primary purpose of this study was to assess the exercise compliance and clinical status of the patients with rheumatic diseases during the COVID-19 pandemic. The secondary aim of the study was to evaluate the physical activity level and quality of life of the patients during the pandemic.Methods:The research is a cross-sectional study. Seventy-nine patients with various rheumatic diseases were included in the study. Standard questions were used to evaluate the exercise habits, the level of pain and morning stiffness and severity of exacerbations. Pain and morning stiffness levels and attack severity were scored on a numerical rating scale (NRS) (0-10; with 0 indicating no pain/stiffness and 10 severe pain/stiffness). Attack duration was recorded in number of exacerbated days. Parameters were compared before and after the pandemic with Paired Samples T Test. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire-Short Form (IPAQ) and Nottingham Health Profile (NHP) Questionnaire were filled to assess the physical activity level and quality of life.Results:Twenty-eight percent of the patients were diagnosed with Familial Mediterranean Fever (FMF), 37% were Ankylosing Spondylitis (AS), 14% were Systemic Sclerosis (ScS) 14% were Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE), 6% were Rheumatoid Arthritis, 1% were Primary Sjogren Syndrome (PSS). Less than half of the patients (46%) did continue exercising regularly during the pandemic and 30 (81%) of them performed only the exercises given by the therapist while 7 (9%) of them tried different exercise types from another source. The reason for discontinuation to exercising expressed by the incompliant patients were mostly “unwillingness” (17 of 37 patients). Pain, morning stiffness and number of attacks were better during the pandemic compared to before however, a statistically significant difference was found only for morning stiffness (p = .036). The results of IPAQ showed that the majority of the patients (n: 48) were physically inactive, while only 2 patients were active during the pandemic. The most deteriorated quality of life subcategory was energy level of the patients according to the NHP scores.Conclusion:This study results showed that patients with rheumatic diseases stayed physically inactive during the pandemic and the disease status has also been affected negatively. As the duration of the pandemic prolongs, levels of physical inactivity would increase and the progressive physical inactivity is expected to worsen patients’ symptoms more. However, as the pandemic appears to continue, face-to-face exercise therapy should still be avoided. For all those reasons above, alternative ways of therapy like tele-rehabilitation would come onto stage to cope with the increasing physical inactivity of the rheumatic patients.References:[1]Pinto AJ, Dunstan DW, Owen N, Bonfá E, Gualano B. Combating physical inactivity during the COVID-19 pandemic. Nature Reviews Rheumatology. 2020; 16(7):1-2.Disclosure of Interests:None declared

scholarly journals Association between Levels of Physical Activity, Sarcopenia, Type 2 Diabetes and the Quality of Life of Elderly People in Community Dwellings in Lebanon

Geriatrics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 28
Author(s):  
Dana Saadeddine ◽  
Leila Itani ◽  
Dima Kreidieh ◽  
Dana El Masri ◽  
Hana Tannir ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Physical Activity ◽  
Type 2 Diabetes ◽  
Elderly People ◽  
Lower Risk ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Related Quality

There is a lack of data from developing countries on the link between physical activity (PA) on health outcomes. This study examines the association between the level of PA and sarcopenia, cardiovascular risk factors (i.e., dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes (T2D), and cardiovascular diseases), and the health-related quality of life (HRQoL) among elderly people, in community dwellings in Lebanon. In this cross-sectional, observational study, body composition, levels of PA, and the HRQoL of 243 elderly people living in community dwellings, are obtained. The participants are then categorized based on a PA cut-off point of 600 metabolic equivalent task minutes per week (MET-min/week). In our sample, the prevalence of physical inactivity, defined as performing less than 600 MET-min/week, is 51.44% (125/243 participants).They displayed a higher prevalence of sarcopenia (36.0% vs. 18.6%), T2D (39.6% vs. 21.1%), as well as a lower physical (65.67 ± 20.72 vs. 75.08 ± 17.29) and mental (67.58 ± 21.51 vs. 76.95 ± 17.16) HRQoL. On the other hand, regression analysis shows that an increased rate of PA to ≥600 MET-min/week is associated with a lower risk of T2D (OR = 0.43, 95% CI: 0.22–0.84, p = 0.013) and sarcopenia (OR= 0.40, 95% CI: 0.22–0.73, p = 0.003) by 60%, and higher scores of the physical (β = −7.65; −11.87, −3.43, p = 0.0004) and mental (β = −8.47; −13.08, −3.85, p = 0.0004) HRQoL by nearly eight points. Our results show a high prevalence of physical inactivity in Lebanese adults over the age of 60; however, an adequate level of PA among this population seemed to be associated with a lower risk of sarcopenia and T2D, as well as a better HRQoL. However, future longitudinal studies are still needed to clarify if intervention based on increasing levels of PA can determine improvement in these clinical outcomes. If this is shown to be the case, it emphasizes the importance of implementing strategies to increase physical activity within this population.

scholarly journals MO854PHYSICAL ACTIVITY IN CHRONIC HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS: ABOUT 71 CASES

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Imen Chemli ◽  
Amel Ayed ◽  
Ayed Sinda ◽  
Meriem Ben salem ◽  
Manel Ben salah ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Hemodialysis Patients ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis ◽  
Activity Level ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chronic Hemodialysis Patient ◽  
Patient Studies

Abstract Background and Aims physical activity is generally impaired in the chronic hemodialysis patient. Studies confirm the benefit of maintaining or improving physical activity in these patients. For this reason, our study aims to assess physical inactivity in chronic hemodialysis patients using a physical activity score: DIJON score and to identify the factors linked to a decrease in physical activity . Method this is a descriptive and analytical cross-sectional study carried out at the hemodialysis center of Fattouma Bourguiba hospital in Monastir. We used the DIJON questionnaire to measure physical activity: daily activities, sports or leisure. The reference values for the level of physical activity are 0-10 (low), 10-20 (medium); and 20-30 (high). Results our study included 71 patients. The middle age was 46.62 + - 15.34 years. 69% of patients were male. The overall physical activity level was high at 22.75 + -1.99 in 28.2% of patients, medium at 13.75 + -3.65 in 33.8% of patients and low at 5.56 + -2.91 in 38% of hemodialysis patients. Analysis in multiple linear regression showed that the variables that explained the DIJON score in our population are in order of contribution: pre-dialytic uremia (β = 0.433; t = 2.99; p = 0.005), cardiac diseases(β = 0.305; t = 2.074; p = 0.044), the KT/V ratio (β = -. 858; p = -1.915; p = 0.063), the PRU (β = 1.21; t = 1.885; p = 0.066) , anemia (β = 0.211; t = 1.704; p = 0.096), comorbidity evaluated by Charlson score (β = -. 461; t = -1.414; p = 0.165). Conclusion our results showed that the level of physical activity is linked to many factors, some of which are modified. So, prescribing an adapted and personalized program will improve the prognosis and the quality of life of our patients.

scholarly journals The Influence of Sedentary Lifestyle on Low Back Pain and Lower Concentration Level

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 (2) ◽  
pp. 135-140
Author(s):  
Karla Rožac ◽  
Štefica Mikšić
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Back Pain ◽  
Lower Back Pain ◽  
Physical Inactivity ◽  
Sedentary Lifestyle ◽  
Life Questionnaire ◽  
Lower Back ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Significant Difference

Lower back pain is today the most common condition caused by a sedentary lifestyle. As it occurs more frequently at a younger age, this research was conducted to examine physical activity and lower back pain in students, and whether there are any correlations. The study surveyed 113 respondents using a survey questionnaire that included sociodemographic data, respondents ’attitudes about physical activity and lower back pain, and a visual analogue scale for pain assessment (VAS) and Oswestry’s Quality of Life Questionnaire. The results of the research showed a statistically significant difference in concentration during learning and sleep quality in relation to sitting for several hours and performing activities of daily living, as well as the influence of pain. Considering that the study of nursing and physiotherapy from undergraduate to graduate level was compared, a significant difference was found in the total sum of the Oswestry questionnaire between these levels (p = 0.003), while a positive correlation of mean strength was found between the results of this questionnaire (τ = 0.448) and degree of pain. Hours of sitting and physical inactivity contribute to the development of pain. Physical activity and strengthening of the abdominal and back muscles, and proper change of position leads to the prevention of pain.

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