scholarly journals Acoustic Reconstruction of Eszterháza Opera House Following New Archival Research

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (24) ◽  
pp. 8817
Author(s):  
Lamberto Tronchin ◽  
Francesca Merli ◽  
Marco Dolci
Keyword(s):  
3D Model ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Library ◽  
Acoustic Parameters ◽  
Speech Transmission ◽  
The Will ◽  
Opera House ◽  
Second World

The Eszterháza Opera House was a theatre built by the will of the Hungarian Prince Nikolaus Esterházy in the second half of the 18th century that had to compete in greatness and grandeur against Austrian Empire. The composer that inextricably linked his name to this theatre was Haydn that served the prince and composed pieces for him for many years. The Opera House disappeared from the palace complex maps around 1865 and was destroyed permanently during the Second World War. This study aims to reconstruct the original shape and materials of the theatre, thanks to the documents founded by researchers in the library of the Esterházy family at Forchtenstein, the Hungarian National Library, and analyze its acoustic behavior. With the 3D model of the theatre, acoustic simulations were performed using the architectural acoustic software Ramsete to understand its acoustical characteristics and if the architecture of the Eszterháza Opera House could favor the Prince’s listening. The obtained results show that the union between the large volume of the theatre and the reflective materials makes the Opera House a reverberant space. The acoustic parameters are considered acoustically favorable both for the music and for the speech transmission too. Moreover, the results confirm that the geometry and the shape of the Eszterháza Opera House favored the Prince’s view and listening, amplifying onstage voices and focusing the sound into his box.

Karl Friedrich Schinkel

2021 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
French Revolution ◽  
English Language ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Urban Planner ◽  
Avant Garde ◽  
Personal Archives ◽  
Historical Moment ◽  
Second World

Karl Friedrich Schinkel (b. Neuruppin, 1781–d. Berlin, 1841) was a celebrated Prussian architect, theatre set designer, artist, furniture and object designer, urban planner, and civil servant. Born into modest yet respectable circumstances as the son of a deacon, Schinkel, by virtue of his talent and work ethic, rose in his own lifetime to become one of Prussia’s most celebrated cultural figures and its chief royal architect. He worked mostly in Berlin and its surrounding territories, including in some areas that are now part of Poland. His built works suffered heavy destruction during the Second World War, but important examples still survive or have been reconstructed, including the Altes Museum, the Friedrich-Werder Church, the Theatre (Schauspielhaus), and the New Guardhouse in Berlin, as well as the Charlottenhof and Glienicke Palaces in nearby Potsdam. His paintings, drawings, and personal archives can be found mostly in collections in and around Berlin, including at various departments of the Berlin State Museums. Recent debates have surrounded the potential reconstruction of Schinkel’s celebrated masterpiece, the Berlin Bauakademie (which was demolished in 1962), bringing a consciousness of Schinkel’s legacy to the fore in German public life once again. Despite his fame in Germany and his noted status as a reference-point for German avant-garde modernism, Schinkel’s work has remained under-explored in the English language (with some notable exceptions) due to difficulties accessing both his buildings and his archives in the years between the Second World War and German reunification. Since the 1990s, however, Schinkel’s international reputation has been steadily restored due to the efforts of a number of scholars and curators who have sought to disseminate his work more widely than ever before. Schinkel’s oeuvre is as eclectic as the tools and media he employed to realize it are versatile. They reveal traces of neoclassicism and the neogothic, French Enlightenment formalism, German Romanticism and Idealism, and 19th-century historicism. But at the same time, his work resists absolute categorization, by virtue of the fact that he lived and worked suspended between two epochs: he was born too late to be immersed in the worldview of the 18th-century Enlightenment and French Revolution, but nor did he live to see Germany’s development as a fully industrialized and unified nation. Occupying this ambiguous historical moment has given Schinkel’s work a versatility, a freedom, and an inquiring rigor that has assured its originality and enduring value.

Bar-Dancing, Palm Wine, and Letters

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (2) ◽  
pp. 123-154
Author(s):  
Danielle Porter Sanchez
Keyword(s):  
Alcohol Consumption ◽  
Social Life ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Sense Of Control ◽  
World War ◽  
Palm Wine ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Will ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Abstract This article focuses on the militarization of social life and leisure in Brazzaville during the Second World War and argues that efforts to instill a sense of control over the city could only suppress life so much, as many Congolese people were unwilling to completely succumb to the will of the administration in a war that seemed to offer very little to their communities or their city as a whole. Furthermore, drinking and dancing served as opportunities to engage with issues of class and race in the wartime capital of Afrique Française Libre. The history of alcohol consumption in Brazzaville is not simply the story of choosing whether or not to drink (or allow others to drink); rather, it is one of many stories of colonial control, exploitation, and racism that plagued Europe’s colonies in Africa during the Second World War.

scholarly journals The Women’s Question among the Masons of Russian Paris

Literary Fact ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 314-332
Author(s):  
Michela Venditti
Keyword(s):  
Literary Work ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Library ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
The North ◽  
Women's Participation ◽  
History Of ◽  
Post War ◽  
Second World

The article is a introduction to the publication of the minutes of the meetings of the Russian lodge "Northern Star" in Paris, concerning the discussion on the admission of women to freemasonry. The proposed archival materials, deposited in the National Library of France in Paris, date back to 1945 and 1948. The women's issue became more relevant after the Second World War due to the fact that Masonic lodges had to recover and recruit new adherents. The article offers a brief overview of the women's issue in the history of Freemasonry in general, and in the Russian emigrant environment in particular. One of the founders of the North Star lodge, M. Osorgin, spoke out in the 1930s against the admission of women. In the discussions of the 1940s, the Masonic brothers repeat his opinion almost literally. Women's participation in Freemasonry is rejected using either gender or social arguments. Russian Freemasons mostly cite gender reasons: women have no place in Freemasonry because they are not men. Freemasonry, according to Osorgin, is a cult of the male creative principle, which is not peculiar to women. Discussions about the women's issue among Russian emigrant Freemasons are also an important source for studying their literary work; in particular, the post-war literary works of Gaito Gazdanov are closely connected with the Masonic ideology.

scholarly journals Przegląd badań nad historią bibliotek i bibliotekarstwa w Polsce z lat 1945–2015

2017 ◽  
Vol 60 ◽  
pp. 97-139
Author(s):  
Jacek Puchalski
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
International Perspective ◽  
Second World War ◽  
History Of The Book ◽  
World War ◽  
History Of ◽  
Book Collections ◽  
Historical Resources ◽  
Second World

AN OVERVIEW OF RESEARCH INTO THE HISTORY OF LIBRARIES AND LIBRARIANSHIP IN POLAND IN 1945–2015The author of the article discusses selected academic and popular publications concerning the history of libraries and librarianship in Poland which appeared in 1945–2015. In that period information about the most important historical resources of various Polish libraries and early book collections was made available; in addition, the period was marked by progress in the study of materials originating before the end of the 18th century. Scholars published a range of methodological studies as well as studies dealing with sources, contributing to the development of scholarship. On the other hand, there were too few editions of source materials.After 1989 scholars intensified their efforts to find sources in foreign collections, especially in Lithuania, Belarus, Ukraine, Russia and Germany. Polish collections kept abroad are yet to be fully researched and have their inventories and catalogues published.The vast body of literature is uneven when it comes to its focus on the various historical periods, regions, subregions and local centres. It comprises publications dealing with the history of libraries, their function and role in culture with regard to the history of the book, and publications focused on the types of libraries or individual libraries — of different traditions, sizes and stature. Scholars also explored the history of home book collections, reading rooms and libraries as well as biographies of librarians and collectors. The quality of the publications varies. There are gaps in, for example, the history of libraries in the former Polish Eastern Borderlands as well as “blank pages” in the historiography of Polish librarianship after the Second World War. There is a visible shortage of quantification of phenomena from the past of libraries, despite the fact that there are some possibilities in this respect. What is also needed is development in comparative studies, also in an international perspective, although this would require Polish historians to become more interested than before in the history of librarianship in other countries.

Efforts to eliminate torture through international law

1989 ◽  
Vol 29 (268) ◽  
pp. 9-25 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hans Haug
Keyword(s):  
International Law ◽  
Human Person ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Brute Force ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
World War ◽  
Electric Shocks ◽  
The Will ◽  
Extreme Cold ◽  
Second World

The idea of “respect for human rights and for fundamental freedoms for all” has been disseminated throughout the world since the Second World War and has influenced both international law and national legislation in many States. Nevertheless, torture, that most fundamental assault on the human person, has continued over the years to be practised, either systematically or occasionally, in many countries. Torture, in which a person is intentionally subjected to extreme physical pain or emotional distress, is used mainly to elicit information, break the will to resist, intimidate, humiliate and degrade. It is also used to mete out (illegal) punishment for real or supposed wrongdoings.2 Techniques of torture include withholding food and preventing sleep, abrupt alternation of extreme cold and heat or silence and noise, total isolation, causing mental confusion and distress through misinformation or other means, the use of brute force- sometimes resulting in permanent mutilation- rape, electric shocks, the application of chemicals and Pharmaceuticals, finally death threats.

The Diaries of King Chulalongkorn

1968 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 382-385
Author(s):  
David K. Wyatt
Keyword(s):  
Fine Arts ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
National Library ◽  
Free Distribution ◽  
Final Volume ◽  
The Gift ◽  
Second World

More than 40 years ago, the private libraries built up by kings chulalong korn (1868–1910)and vajiravudh (1910–25) were handed over by King prajadhipok to the National Library of Thailand; and included in the gift were 10 large volumes countaining a typewritten transcript of manuscript diaries of chulalongkorn which had been made for vajiravudh in 1917. After the abolition of the a absolute monarchy in 1932, the Thai Fine Arts Department, created to take charge of the National Library and associated institutions, began to offer to inquirers seeking books to publish for free distribution at the cremations of their relative and friends portions of these diaries, the size of the portion tailored to meet theit budgets for this purpose. The first portion, of 74 printed pages, was distributed to guests at the cremation of Princess Arunawadī, a daughter of King Mongkut, in 1933. Nineteen parts were so published before the second World War, followed by volumes in 1944 and 1946; but it was not until the early 1960's that the project was resumed and the final volumes published, one in 1963 and two in 1965, the twenty-fourth and final volume appearing for the cremation of mm čhao Čhongkonnī Watthanawong, a grand-daughter of king Chulalongkorn.

scholarly journals From a history of war into a multicultural urban environment: A cultural impact assessment of the conservation of the Swedish-Russian Fortress of Lappeenranta, Finland

1970 ◽  
pp. 74
Author(s):  
Suvi Niinisalo
Keyword(s):  
18Th Century ◽  
Correctional Facility ◽  
Second World War ◽  
World War ◽  
Cultural Impact ◽  
Late 18Th Century ◽  
History Of ◽  
The Russian Empire ◽  
The City ◽  
Second World

Finland, under Swedish rule at the time, started constructing the Lappeenranta Fortress in the 1720s for defence against an eastern threat. A small town had been founded on the site as early as 1649. In 1741, the Russians invaded the fortress in a fierce battle. Russians, led by Aleksandr Suvorov, started to improve the fortress in the late 18th century. The oldest buildings in the fortress date back to this time. When Finland was annexed into the Russian Empire as an autonomous grand duchy, the fortress was employed as a correctional facility for prisoners. After the Second World War, the fortress was left to deteriorate, but in the 1970s a 30-year conservation project was launched. This article explores the effects of this conservation work on the city of Lappeenranta as well as on its inhabitants.

scholarly journals Translation work of Romanians from the territory of present day Vojvodina in the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century

Kultura ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 154-172
Author(s):  
Mirča Maran
Keyword(s):  
20Th Century ◽  
18Th Century ◽  
Second World War ◽  
Religious Institutions ◽  
World War ◽  
Literary Works ◽  
Religious Books ◽  
State Administration ◽  
The 19Th Century ◽  
Second World

The paper presents different aspects of the translation work of Romanians from the territory of the present day Vojvodina (Banat) during the 19th and the first decades of the 20th century, up until the Second World War. The translation work in administration, education, religious institutions, and primarily in journalism and literature, has played an important role in the multicultural society of Banat. Various languages, cultures, traditions and religions interacted and intertwined there, and the society functioned on principles which enabled mutual understanding and cooperative work of all those who lived in Banat, regardless of the differences. The first translations in the Romanian language, primarily from German and Serbian, appeared in the 18th century, for the needs of state administration, education or religious work. The translations became more diverse and of a higher quality thanks to the work of the first elite Romanian intellectuals from the period of the late Enlightenment, the representatives of whom were Paul Iorgovici, Constantin Diaconovici Loga, and Sofronie Ivacicovici. In the 19th century, the translations got new content in the form of publication of multilingual posters, invitations, association rules, monetary instructions, newspaper articles, religious books, but also literary works, among which the most prominent were the translations of Hungarian literary works to the Romanian language, done by the writer and publicist Alexandra Tintariu. In the period between the two World Wars, translation work also gained new content because translations from German and Hungarian to Romanian stopped as the focus was placed on translations from Serbian to Romanian and vice versa.

scholarly journals Топос „Одессаˮ в романе Сергея Ануфриева и Павла Пепперштейна „Мифогенная любовь кастˮ

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 207-221
Author(s):  
Walentyna Musiy
Keyword(s):  
External World ◽  
Second World War ◽  
The Novel ◽  
World War ◽  
Historical Reality ◽  
Historical Accuracy ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Opera House ◽  
Second World ◽  
Real City

The article deals with the reflection in the literature of the process of mythologizing the image of Odessa. The author understands the myth as a symbolic designation of objects, historical events, objects of the external world, belonging to the space of psychic reality. The purpose of the mythologizing as the process is the expression of a generalized idea of something or someone, as well as giving to events, persons, objects with a universal sense . The subject of the article is the novel of modern writers S. Anufriev and Pepperstein“Mythogenic love of castes”. Both writers are the organizers of the Medical Hermeneutics group and refer themselves to younger conceptualists. Such postmodern writers pay special attention to various senses that are traditionally attached to phrases, attitudes, concepts. In the novel by Anufriev and Pepperstein, the reader includes to the space of a fabulous, psychic (virtual) and historical reality. The novel refers to the events of the Second World War, it’s hero takes part in key battles with the Nazis. However, fabulous heroes help him to defeat. And the reader sees these events as they are perceived by a participant in the war of the early 1940s and at the same time – by a modern person living at the end of the twentieth century. Theimage of Odessa is created in the twenty-first chapter of the novel. It names the real historical persons (Badayev, Yasha Gordienko). These heroes take part in fictional events along with fictional characters. The article considers such signatures of Odessa: Deribasovskaya street, Opera House, Archaeological Museum, the sea, sea port. The article contains words that relate to the “Odessa” language and their meanings. Special attention is paid to Odessa songs (folklore and author’s). At the same time, attention is drawn to the lack of historical accuracy in a number of images and details. Odessa in the novel by Anufriev and Pepperstein is both a real city and a city that has turned into a myth. 

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