scholarly journals Aerobic Exercise with Superimposed Virtual Reality Improves Cognitive Flexibility and Selective Attention in Young Males

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (22) ◽  
pp. 8029
Author(s):  
Borja Sañudo ◽  
Ellie Abdi ◽  
Mario Bernardo-Filho ◽  
Redha Taiar
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Exercise Protocol ◽  
Significant Interaction Effect ◽  
Young Males ◽  
Card Sorting Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Task ◽  
Before And After

The literature to date is limited regarding the implantation of VR in healthy young individuals with a focus on cognitive function. Thirty healthy males aged between 22.8 and 24.3 years volunteered to participate in the study randomly and were assigned to one of two groups with alike exercises: an experimental group (GE, n = 15) that performed an exercise protocol with a VR game and a controlled group that performed the exercise protocol without the VR (CON, n = 15). A 128-card computerized version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) and the Stroop test were completed before and after the exercise protocol. There was a significant interaction effect between time and condition for WCST preservation errors (F1,30 = 4.59, p = 0.041, η2p = 0.141) and a significant time effect for all WCST and Stroop outcomes in GE. Results of preliminary findings suggest that the use of a VR platform offers effective benefits with respect to cognitive flexibility and selective attention. In addition, participants can achieve additional benefits in cognitive flexibility by engaging in a traditional exercise protocol of a similar volume.

scholarly journals Poor Cognitive Flexibility in Eating Disorders: Examining the Evidence using the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

PLoS ONE ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. e28331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kate Tchanturia ◽  
Helen Davies ◽  
Marion Roberts ◽  
Amy Harrison ◽  
Michiko Nakazato ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Eating Disorders ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Card Sorting Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting

scholarly journals An examination of perseverative errors and cognitive flexibility in autism

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. e0223160
Author(s):  
Oriane Landry ◽  
Peter Mitchell
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Unexpected Result ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Card Sorting Task ◽  
Explicit Condition ◽  
Perseverative Errors ◽  
Implicit Condition

Perseveration is a well-replicated finding in autism. The aim of this study was to examine how the context of the task influences performance with respect to this phenomenon. We randomly assigned 137 children aged 6–12 with and without autism to complete a modified card-sorting task under one of two conditions: Children were either told the sorting rules on each trial (Explicit), or were given feedback to formulate the rules themselves (Implicit). While performance was enhanced on the Explicit condition for participants without autism, the participants with autism were disadvantaged by this manipulation. In contrast, there were few differences in performance between groups on the Implicit condition. Exploratory analyses were used to examine this unexpected result; increased autism symptomology was associated with poorer performance.

Further Studies of Nonverbal Learning and Aphasia

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Tikofsky ◽  
Gale L. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Sorting Task ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Perseverative Error ◽  
Card Sorting Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Task ◽  
Nonverbal Learning ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Order Of Presentation

This research study follows a previous paper on the performance of adult aphasics tested with a modified form of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. It investigates the effects of varying the order of presentation of the three sorting concepts or problems on the overall task-learning rate, the percentage of error responses and the percentage of perseverative error. It is found that varying the order of the concepts does not effect the task difficulty, as measured by these indices. Statistical and interpretative analyses of the data also investigate the nature of performance improvement patterns. It is found that any significant improvement is due to the elimination of nonperseverative errors, while the proportion of perseverative responses remains fairly constant. The aphasics' inability to generalize problem solution methods and possible techniques for reducing perseveration, in addition to an evaluation of this task as an aphasia research instrument, are discussed.

Effects of prefrontal and anterior cingulate lesions in monkeys on a Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) analogue

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. S61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Buckley ◽  
Farshad A. Mansouri ◽  
Phillip G.F. Browning ◽  
Hassan Hoda ◽  
Sze C. Kwok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Card Sorting Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting

scholarly journals Transfer of learned cognitive flexibility to novel stimuli and task sets

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanya Wen ◽  
Raphael M Geddert ◽  
Seth Madlon-Kay ◽  
Tobias Egner
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Control ◽  
Cognitive Flexibility ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Task Rule ◽  
Card Sorting Task ◽  
Abstract Knowledge ◽  
Rule Changes ◽  
High Volatility ◽  
Structure Knowledge

Adaptive behavior requires learning about the structure of the environment to derive optimal action policies, and previous studies have documented transfer of such structural knowledge to bias choices in new environments. Here, we asked whether people could also acquire and transfer more abstract knowledge across different task environments, in particular, expectations about demands on cognitive control. Over three experiments, participants performed a probabilistic card-sorting task in environments of either a low or high volatility of task rule changes (requiring low or high cognitive flexibility) before transitioning to a medium-volatility environment. Using reinforcement learning modeling, we consistently found that previous exposure to high task rule volatility led to faster adaptation to rule changes in the subsequent transfer phase. This transfer of expectations about demands on cognitive flexibility was both task- (Experiment 2) and stimulus- (Experiment 3) independent, thus demonstrating the formation and generalization of environmental structure knowledge to guide cognitive control.

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