scholarly journals Age-Group Differences in Set-Switching and Set-Maintenance on the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task

2007 ◽  
Vol 31 (2) ◽  
pp. 193-215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mariëtte Huizinga ◽  
Maurits W. van der Molen
Keyword(s):  
Sorting Task ◽  
Group Differences ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Card Sorting Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Task ◽  
Set Switching ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting

Further Studies of Nonverbal Learning and Aphasia

1963 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 329-337 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald S. Tikofsky ◽  
Gale L. Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Sorting Task ◽  
Problem Solution ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Perseverative Error ◽  
Card Sorting Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Task ◽  
Nonverbal Learning ◽  
Solution Methods ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Order Of Presentation

This research study follows a previous paper on the performance of adult aphasics tested with a modified form of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. It investigates the effects of varying the order of presentation of the three sorting concepts or problems on the overall task-learning rate, the percentage of error responses and the percentage of perseverative error. It is found that varying the order of the concepts does not effect the task difficulty, as measured by these indices. Statistical and interpretative analyses of the data also investigate the nature of performance improvement patterns. It is found that any significant improvement is due to the elimination of nonperseverative errors, while the proportion of perseverative responses remains fairly constant. The aphasics' inability to generalize problem solution methods and possible techniques for reducing perseveration, in addition to an evaluation of this task as an aphasia research instrument, are discussed.

Effects of prefrontal and anterior cingulate lesions in monkeys on a Wisconsin Card Sorting Task (WCST) analogue

2007 ◽  
Vol 58 ◽  
pp. S61 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Buckley ◽  
Farshad A. Mansouri ◽  
Phillip G.F. Browning ◽  
Hassan Hoda ◽  
Sze C. Kwok ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Card Sorting Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting

scholarly journals Neuronal responses support a role for orbitofrontal cortex in cognitive set reconfiguration

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brianna J. Sleezer ◽  
Giuliana Loconte ◽  
Meghan D. Castagno ◽  
Benjamin Y. Hayden
Keyword(s):  
Orbitofrontal Cortex ◽  
Rhesus Macaques ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Cognitive Set ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Neuronal Responses ◽  
Card Sorting Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Task ◽  
Recorded Activity ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting

ABSTRACTWe are often faced with the need to abandon no-longer beneficial rules and adopt new ones. This process, known as cognitive set reconfiguration, is a hallmark of executive control. Although cognitive functions like reconfiguration are most often associated with dorsal prefrontal structures, recent evidence suggests that the orbitofrontal cortex (OFC) may play an important role as well. We recorded activity of OFC neurons while rhesus macaques performed a version of the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task that involved a trial-and-error stage. OFC neurons demonstrated two types of switch-related activity, an early (switch-away) signal and a late (switch-to) signal, when the new task set was established. We also found a pattern ofmatch modulation: a significant change in activity for the stimulus that matched the current rule (and would therefore be selected). These results extend our understanding of the executive functions of the OFC. They also allow us to directly compare OFC with complementary datasets we previously collected in ventral (VS) and dorsal (DS) striatum. Although both effects are observed in all three areas, the timing of responses aligns OFC more closely with DS than with VS.

Personality and Executive Functioning as Risk Factors in Recidivists

2003 ◽  
Vol 92 (1) ◽  
pp. 299-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul M. Valliant ◽  
Andrew Freeston ◽  
Derek Pottier ◽  
Robert Kosmyna
Keyword(s):  
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory ◽  
Sorting Task ◽  
Criminal Record ◽  
Violence Risk ◽  
Card Sorting ◽  
Inmate Population ◽  
Card Sorting Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting Task ◽  
Wisconsin Card Sorting ◽  
Risk Scale

The classification of an inmate population at a maximum security jail in Canada was undertaken to study factors correlated with recidivism. A total of 12 recidivists and 12 nonrecidivists were classified according to their index offenses, and a Criminal Record search was completed to verify their statements. A total of 15 non-offenders who had also undergone a criminal record check were included as controls. All participants were administered the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory-168, Violence Risk Scale-Experimental Version, Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory, and the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task. Statistical analysis showed significant differences between the groups on scores for the Hypochondriasis, Psychopathic Deviate, and Hypomania scales of the MMPI-168. Significant differences were noted for the Wisconsin Card Sorting Task and the Violence Risk Scale. Discriminant analysis of the recidivists and nonrecidivists correctly classified at a 91.3% level.

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