scholarly journals Pine Resin Derivatives as Sustainable Additives to Improve the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Injected Moulded Thermoplastic Starch

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Aldas ◽  
Cristina Pavon ◽  
Juan López-Martínez ◽  
Marina Patricia Arrieta
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Pine Resin ◽  
Pentaerythritol Ester ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Interactions ◽  
Gum Rosin

Fully bio-based materials based on thermoplastic starch (TPS) were developed starting from corn starch plasticized with glycerol. The obtained TPS was further blended with five pine resin derivatives: gum rosin (GR), disproportionated gum rosin (dehydroabietic acid, RD), maleic anhydride modified gum rosin (CM), pentaerythritol ester of gum rosin (LF), and glycerol ester of gum rosin (UG). The TPS–resin blend formulations were processed by melt extrusion and further by injection moulding to simulate the industrial conditions. The obtained materials were characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal and structural properties. The results showed that all gum rosin-based additives were able to improve the thermal stability of TPS, increasing the degradation onset temperature. The carbonyl groups of gum rosin derivatives were able to interact with the hydroxyl groups of starch and glycerol by means of hydrogen bond interactions producing a significant increase of the glass transition temperature with a consequent stiffening effect, which in turn improve the overall mechanical performance of the TPS-resin injected moulded blends. The developed TPS–resin blends are of interest for rigid packaging applications.

scholarly journals Films Based on Thermoplastic Starch Blended with Pine Resin Derivatives for Food Packaging

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Cristina Pavon ◽  
Miguel Aldas ◽  
Juan López-Martínez ◽  
Joaquín Hernández-Fernández ◽  
Marina Patricia Arrieta
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pine Resin ◽  
Pentaerythritol Ester ◽  
Gum Rosin ◽  
Glycerol Ester

Completely biobased and biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS) based materials with a tunable performance were prepared for food packaging applications. Five blends were prepared by blending TPS with 10 wt%. of different pine resins derivatives: gum rosin (GR), disproportionated gum rosin (RD), maleic anhydride-modified gum rosin (CM), pentaerythritol ester of gum rosin (LF), and glycerol ester of gum rosin (UG). The materials were characterized in terms of thermo-mechanical behavior, surface wettability, color performance, water absorption, X-ray diffraction pattern, and disintegration under composting conditions. It was determined that pine resin derivatives increase the hydrophobicity of TPS and also increase the elastic component of TPS which stiffen the TPS structure. The water uptake study revealed that GR and LF were able to decrease the water absorption of TPS, while the rest of the resins kept the water uptake ability. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that GR, CM, and RD restrain the aging of TPS after 24 months of aging. Finally, all TPS-resin blends were disintegrated under composting conditions during the thermophilic incubation period (90 days). Because of the TPS-resin blend’s performance, the prepared materials are suitable for biodegradable rigid food packaging applications.

Effect of wheat straw oxidation on thermoplastic starch composites: Mechanical, thermal, and rheological process behaviors

2018 ◽  
Vol 33 (5) ◽  
pp. 646-658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yin Peng ◽  
Dongdong Zha ◽  
Guo Bin ◽  
Li Bengang ◽  
Li Panxin
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Wheat Straw ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Sodium Periodate ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Elongation At Break ◽  
Torque Measurements ◽  
Natural Filler ◽  
Scanning Electron

The objective of this work is to evaluate the reinforced effect of wheat straw (WS) after oxidation in thermoplastic corn starch (TPS).The mechanical properties (tensile strength and elongation at break) of TPS and oxidized wheat straw (OWS)/TPS composites were evaluated by the tensile measurements. The composites were characterized further using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic mechanical thermal analysis, and torque measurements. In general, OWS played a key role for enhanced mechanical and thermal properties in composites, and the composites had slightly poorer rheological processing behaviors, compared to the TPS. The highest tensile strength (7.66 MPa) was achieved using WS oxidized with 0.045 mol·L−1 sodium periodate. The damage and erosion produced on WS after oxidation positively affected the properties of the composites. With respect to the findings of this study, it may be stated that OWS can be used as a promising natural filler for other composites.

scholarly journals Improvement of PBAT Processability and Mechanical Performance by Blending with Pine Resin Derivatives for Injection Moulding Rigid Packaging with Enhanced Hydrophobicity

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2891
Author(s):  
Cristina Pavon ◽  
Miguel Aldas ◽  
Harrison de la Rosa-Ramírez ◽  
Juan López-Martínez ◽  
Marina P. Arrieta
Keyword(s):  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Pine Resin ◽  
Pentaerythritol Ester ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
Tensile Performance ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Cost

Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) is a biodegradable polymer with good features for packaging applications. However, the mechanical performance and high prices of PBAT limit its current usage at the commercial level. To improve the properties and reduce the cost of PBAT, pine resin derivatives, gum rosin (GR) and pentaerythritol ester of GR (UT), were proposed as sustainable additives. For this purpose, PBAT was blended with 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of additives by melt-extrusion followed by injection moulding. The overall performance of the formulations was assessed by tensile test, microstructural, thermal, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results showed that although good miscibility of both resins with PBAT matrix was achieved, GR in 10 wt.% showed better interfacial adhesion with the PBAT matrix than UT. The thermal characterization suggested that GR and UT reduce PBAT melting enthalpy and enhance its thermal stability, improving PBAT processability. A 10 wt.% of GR significantly increased the tensile properties of PBAT, while a 15 wt.% of UT maintained PBAT tensile performance. The obtained materials showed higher hydrophobicity than neat PBAT. Thus, GR and UT demonstrated that they are advantageous additives for PBAT–resin compounding for rigid food packaging which are easy to process and adequate for industrial scalability. At the same time, they enhance its mechanical and hydrophobic performance.

scholarly journals Thermoplastic Starch-Based Blends with Improved Thermal and Thermomechanical Properties

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (23) ◽  
pp. 4263
Author(s):  
Anayansi Estrada-Monje ◽  
Sergio Alonso-Romero ◽  
Roberto Zitzumbo-Guzmán ◽  
Iván Alziri Estrada-Moreno ◽  
Erasto Armando Zaragoza-Contreras
Keyword(s):  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Cassava Starch ◽  
Thermomechanical Properties ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Absorption Bands

This research focused on the development of biomaterials based on cassava starch and corn starch and on the effect of the incorporation of polycaprolactone (PCL) on the thermal and thermomechanical properties of the blends. The results indicated partial compatibility in the blends, especially with cassava starch at a content of 20 wt% as reflected by the maintenance of tensile strength and elongation. In addition, the changes in the crystal quality of PCL and the displacement of the absorption bands of the carbonyl groups of PCL in the infrared (989–1000 cm−1), attributed to the formation of hydrogen bonds between these groups and the hydroxyl groups of starches, were also associated with compatibility. It was observed that the crystallinity of PLC in the presence of cassava and corn starch was 38% and 62%, respectively; a crystallinity greater than that of PCL was related to an improved nucleation at the interface. Based on these properties, the blends are expected to be functional for the manufacture of short-term use products by conventional thermoplastic processing methods.

scholarly journals Influence of Nanoparticles Reinforcements on Aluminium 6061 Alloys Fabricated via Novel Ultrasonic Aided Rheo-Squeeze Casting Method

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. Arunkumar ◽  
Velmurugan Pavanan ◽  
Vijay Anand Murugesan ◽  
V. Mohanavel ◽  
Karthikeyan Ramachandran
Keyword(s):  
Squeeze Casting ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermal Studies ◽  
Homogeneous Distribution ◽  
Al Alloy ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Morphological Studies ◽  
Agglomeration Of Nanoparticles ◽  
Disperse Nanoparticles

Abstract This study emphasis on a novel fabrication technique to fabricate hybrid cermets using Al 6061 alloy with nano sized SiC, Al2O3 and TiO2 as reinforcements. During the fabrication process, the melted pool was ultrasonicated to disperse nanoparticles at 20 kHz for 5 min and pressure of 50 MPa was applied to eliminate voids. The influence of nanoparticles on physical, thermal and mechanical properties were evaluated by tensile, wear and thermal studies. Cermets with Al2O3 reinforcements showed higher mechanical performance compared to Al alloy. This enhancement could be related to the uniform distribution of Al2O3 with refinement in grain size of Al alloy which was observed via surface analysis. The morphological studies provided justifiable evidence of homogeneous distribution, nominal cluster along with agglomeration and cavities shrinking on the cermets. The agglomeration of nanoparticles along with SiC protected the cermet in corrosion and abrasive wear by ~ 97% and ~ 71%. The study evidenced the novel fabrication method using ultrasonic rheo-squeeze casting led to improvement in mechanical and thermal properties of the hybrid cermets. Graphical abstract

scholarly journals Reinforcement of Thermoplastic Corn Starch with Crosslinked Starch/Chitosan Microparticles

Polymers ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (9) ◽  
pp. 985 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Paiva ◽  
André Pereira ◽  
Ana Pires ◽  
Jorge Martins ◽  
Luísa Carvalho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Solubility ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Polymer Network ◽  
Xrd Analysis ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Interpenetrating Polymer Network ◽  
Melt Mixing ◽  
Chitosan Microparticles ◽  
Polysaccharide Composition ◽  
Low Solubility

Microparticles of corn starch and chitosan crosslinked with glutaraldehyde, produced by the solvent exchange technique, are studied as reinforcement fillers for thermoplastic corn starch plasticized with glycerol. The presence of 10% w/w chitosan in the microparticles is shown to be essential to guaranteeing effective crosslinking, as demonstrated by water solubility assays. Crosslinked chitosan forms an interpenetrating polymer network with starch chains, producing microparticles with a very low solubility. The thermal stability of the microparticles is in agreement with their polysaccharide composition. An XRD analysis showed that they have crystalline fraction of 32% with Va-type structure, and have no tendency to undergo retrogradation. The tensile strength, Young’s modulus, and toughness of thermoplastic starch increased by the incorporation of the crosslinked starch/chitosan microparticles by melt-mixing. Toughness increased 360% in relation to unfilled thermoplastic starch.

scholarly journals Influence of Starch Composition and Molecular Weight on Physicochemical Properties of Biodegradable Films

Polymers ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1084 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Domene-López ◽  
Juan Carlos García-Quesada ◽  
Ignacio Martin-Gullon ◽  
Mercedes G. Montalbán
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Weight ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Amylose Content ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Grain Structure ◽  
Rice Starch ◽  
Hydration Properties ◽  
Casting Technique ◽  
Starch Films

Thermoplastic starch (TPS) films are considered one of the most promising alternatives for replacing synthetic polymers in the packaging field due to the starch biodegradability, low cost, and abundant availability. However, starch granule composition, expressed in terms of amylose content and phosphate monoesters, and molecular weight of starch clearly affects some film properties. In this contribution, biodegradable TPS films made from potato, corn, wheat, and rice starch were prepared using the casting technique. The effect of the grain structure of each starch on microstructure, transparency, hydration properties, crystallinity, and mechanical properties of the films, was evaluated. Potato starch films were the most transparent and corn starch films the most opaque. All the films had homogeneous internal structures—highly amorphous and with no pores, both of which point to a good starch gelatinization process. The maximum tensile strength (4.48–8.14 MPa), elongation at break (35.41–100.34%), and Young’s modulus (116.42–294.98 MPa) of the TPS films were clearly influenced by the amylose content, molecular weight, and crystallinity of the film. In this respect, wheat and corn starch films, are the most resistant and least stretchable, while rice starch films are the most extensible but least resistant. These findings show that all the studied starches can be considered suitable for manufacturing resistant and flexible films with similar properties to those of synthetic low-density polyethylene (LDPE), by a simple and environmentally-friendly process.

scholarly journals Yerba Mate Extract in Microfibrillated Cellulose and Corn Starch Films as a Potential Wound Healing Bandage

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2807
Author(s):  
Meysam Aliabadi ◽  
Bor Shin Chee ◽  
Mailson Matos ◽  
Yvonne J. Cortese ◽  
Michael J. D. Nugent ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wound Healing ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Corn Starch ◽  
Microfibrillated Cellulose ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Cellulose Films ◽  
Ultrafine Grinding

Microfibrillated cellulose films have been gathering considerable attention due to their high mechanical properties and cheap cost. Additionally, it is possible to include compounds within the fibrillated structure in order to confer desirable properties. Ilex paraguariensis A. St.-Hil, yerba mate leaf extract has been reported to possess a high quantity of caffeoylquinic acids that may be beneficial for other applications instead of its conventional use as a hot beverage. Therefore, we investigate the effect of blending yerba mate extract during and after defibrillation of Eucalyptus sp. bleached kraft paper by ultrafine grinding. Blending the extract during defibrillation increased the mechanical and thermal properties, besides being able to use the whole extract. Afterwards, this material was also investigated with high content loadings of starch and glycerine. The results present that yerba mate extract increases film resistance, and the defibrillated cellulose is able to protect the bioactive compounds from the extract. Additionally, the films present antibacterial activity against two known pathogens S. aureus and E. coli, with high antioxidant activity and increased cell proliferation. This was attributed to the bioactive compounds that presented faster in vitro wound healing, suggesting that microfibrillated cellulose (MFC) films containing extract of yerba mate can be a potential alternative as wound healing bandages.

Effect of Coal Structure on Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Coal Filled Soy Protein Composites

2011 ◽  
Vol 236-238 ◽  
pp. 288-291
Author(s):  
Guang Heng Wang ◽  
An Ning Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Thermal Properties ◽  
Soy Protein ◽  
Water Resistance ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Surface Functional Group ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Coal Rank ◽  
Coal Structure

Using different rank coals as filler, coal-soy protein isolate (SPI) composites were prepared by compression molding processing using glycerol as plasticizer. The structure of the coals used were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), ultimate analysis, and surface functional group analysis. The effects of coal structure on the mechanical properties, water resistance, and thermal properties were investigated. The results showed that, in different rank coals, the atomic ratio of oxygen to carbon, carboxylic acid groups, phenolic hydroxyl groups, lactone bonds, and aliphatic chains decreased with coal rank. The strength, water resistance, and glass transition temperature of coal-SPI composites decreased with coal rank. Lower ran coal filler with more reactive functional groups caused the composites strong but brittle. While, higher rank coals provide poor mechanical properties for the composites.

Development and characterization of hybrid corn starch-microalgae films: Effect of ultrasound pre-treatment on structural, barrier and mechanical performance

2017 ◽  
Vol 28 ◽  
pp. 80-87 ◽  
Author(s):  
María José Fabra ◽  
Marta Martínez-Sanz ◽  
Laura G. Gómez-Mascaraque ◽  
José M. Coll-Marqués ◽  
Juan Carlos Martínez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Hybrid Corn ◽  
Structural Barrier ◽  
Pre Treatment
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