scholarly journals Improvement of PBAT Processability and Mechanical Performance by Blending with Pine Resin Derivatives for Injection Moulding Rigid Packaging with Enhanced Hydrophobicity

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (12) ◽  
pp. 2891
Author(s):  
Cristina Pavon ◽  
Miguel Aldas ◽  
Harrison de la Rosa-Ramírez ◽  
Juan López-Martínez ◽  
Marina P. Arrieta
Keyword(s):  
Injection Moulding ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Pine Resin ◽  
Pentaerythritol Ester ◽  
Current Usage ◽  
Tensile Performance ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Cost

Polybutylene adipate-co-terephthalate (PBAT) is a biodegradable polymer with good features for packaging applications. However, the mechanical performance and high prices of PBAT limit its current usage at the commercial level. To improve the properties and reduce the cost of PBAT, pine resin derivatives, gum rosin (GR) and pentaerythritol ester of GR (UT), were proposed as sustainable additives. For this purpose, PBAT was blended with 5, 10, and 15 wt.% of additives by melt-extrusion followed by injection moulding. The overall performance of the formulations was assessed by tensile test, microstructural, thermal, and dynamic mechanical thermal analysis. The results showed that although good miscibility of both resins with PBAT matrix was achieved, GR in 10 wt.% showed better interfacial adhesion with the PBAT matrix than UT. The thermal characterization suggested that GR and UT reduce PBAT melting enthalpy and enhance its thermal stability, improving PBAT processability. A 10 wt.% of GR significantly increased the tensile properties of PBAT, while a 15 wt.% of UT maintained PBAT tensile performance. The obtained materials showed higher hydrophobicity than neat PBAT. Thus, GR and UT demonstrated that they are advantageous additives for PBAT–resin compounding for rigid food packaging which are easy to process and adequate for industrial scalability. At the same time, they enhance its mechanical and hydrophobic performance.

scholarly journals Pine Resin Derivatives as Sustainable Additives to Improve the Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Injected Moulded Thermoplastic Starch

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2561 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Aldas ◽  
Cristina Pavon ◽  
Juan López-Martínez ◽  
Marina Patricia Arrieta
Keyword(s):  
Corn Starch ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Dehydroabietic Acid ◽  
Hydroxyl Groups ◽  
Mechanical And Thermal Properties ◽  
Pine Resin ◽  
Pentaerythritol Ester ◽  
Hydrogen Bond Interactions ◽  
Gum Rosin

Fully bio-based materials based on thermoplastic starch (TPS) were developed starting from corn starch plasticized with glycerol. The obtained TPS was further blended with five pine resin derivatives: gum rosin (GR), disproportionated gum rosin (dehydroabietic acid, RD), maleic anhydride modified gum rosin (CM), pentaerythritol ester of gum rosin (LF), and glycerol ester of gum rosin (UG). The TPS–resin blend formulations were processed by melt extrusion and further by injection moulding to simulate the industrial conditions. The obtained materials were characterized in terms of mechanical, thermal and structural properties. The results showed that all gum rosin-based additives were able to improve the thermal stability of TPS, increasing the degradation onset temperature. The carbonyl groups of gum rosin derivatives were able to interact with the hydroxyl groups of starch and glycerol by means of hydrogen bond interactions producing a significant increase of the glass transition temperature with a consequent stiffening effect, which in turn improve the overall mechanical performance of the TPS-resin injected moulded blends. The developed TPS–resin blends are of interest for rigid packaging applications.

scholarly journals Films Based on Thermoplastic Starch Blended with Pine Resin Derivatives for Food Packaging

Foods ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 1171
Author(s):  
Cristina Pavon ◽  
Miguel Aldas ◽  
Juan López-Martínez ◽  
Joaquín Hernández-Fernández ◽  
Marina Patricia Arrieta
Keyword(s):  
Water Absorption ◽  
Water Uptake ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
X Ray Diffraction ◽  
X Ray ◽  
Pine Resin ◽  
Pentaerythritol Ester ◽  
Gum Rosin ◽  
Glycerol Ester

Completely biobased and biodegradable thermoplastic starch (TPS) based materials with a tunable performance were prepared for food packaging applications. Five blends were prepared by blending TPS with 10 wt%. of different pine resins derivatives: gum rosin (GR), disproportionated gum rosin (RD), maleic anhydride-modified gum rosin (CM), pentaerythritol ester of gum rosin (LF), and glycerol ester of gum rosin (UG). The materials were characterized in terms of thermo-mechanical behavior, surface wettability, color performance, water absorption, X-ray diffraction pattern, and disintegration under composting conditions. It was determined that pine resin derivatives increase the hydrophobicity of TPS and also increase the elastic component of TPS which stiffen the TPS structure. The water uptake study revealed that GR and LF were able to decrease the water absorption of TPS, while the rest of the resins kept the water uptake ability. X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that GR, CM, and RD restrain the aging of TPS after 24 months of aging. Finally, all TPS-resin blends were disintegrated under composting conditions during the thermophilic incubation period (90 days). Because of the TPS-resin blend’s performance, the prepared materials are suitable for biodegradable rigid food packaging applications.

scholarly journals Effect of Iignocellulosic Nanoparticles Extracted from Yerba Mate (Ilex paraguariensis) on the Structural, Thermal, Optical and Barrier Properties of Mechanically Recycled Poly(lactic acid)

Polymers ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (8) ◽  
pp. 1690
Author(s):  
Freddys R. Beltrán ◽  
Marina P. Arrieta ◽  
Gerald Gaspar ◽  
María U. de la Orden ◽  
Joaquín Martínez Urreaga
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
Accelerated Ageing ◽  
Ilex Paraguariensis ◽  
Yerba Mate ◽  
Bionanocomposite Films ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Crystalline Domains

In this work, yerba mate nanoparticles (YMNs) were extracted from Ilex paraguairiencis yerba mate wastes and further used to improve the overall performance of mechanically recycled PLA (PLAR). Recycled PLA was obtained by melt reprocessing PLA subjected to an accelerated ageing process, which involved photochemical, thermal and hydrothermal ageing steps, as well as a final demanding washing step. YMNs (1 and 3 wt. %) were added to the PLAR during the melt reprocessing step and further processed into films. The main goal of the development of PLAR-YMNs bionanocomposites was to increase the barrier properties of recycled PLA, while showing good overall performance for food packaging applications. Thus, optical, structural, thermal, mechanical and barrier properties were evaluated. The incorporation of YMNs led to transparent greenish PLAR-based films with an effective blockage of harmful UV radiation. From the backbone FTIR stretching region (bands at 955 and 920 cm−1), it seems that YMNs favor the formation of crystalline domains acting as nucleating agents for PLAR. The morphological investigations revealed the good dispersion of YMNs in PLAR when they are used in the lowest amount of 1 wt. %, leading to bionanocomposites with improved mechanical performance. Although the addition of high hydrophilic YMNs increased the water vapor transmission, the addition of 1 wt. % of YMNs enhanced the oxygen barrier performance of the produced bionanocomposite films. These results show that the synergistic revalorization of post-consumer PLA and nanoparticles obtained from agri-food waste is a potential way for the production of promising packaging materials that meet with the principles of the circular economy.

scholarly journals Nanocomposites Materials of PLA Reinforced with Nanoclays Using a Masterbatch Technology: A Study of the Mechanical Performance and Its Sustainability

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (13) ◽  
pp. 2133
Author(s):  
Helena Oliver-Ortega ◽  
Josep Tresserras ◽  
Fernando Julian ◽  
Manel Alcalà ◽  
Alba Bala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Polymeric Materials ◽  
Barrier Properties ◽  
Food Tray ◽  
Environmental Concerns ◽  
Poly Lactic Acid ◽  
The Matrix ◽  
Surface Modified ◽  
Being Moved

Packaging consumes around 40% of the total plastic production. One of the most important fields with high requirements is food packaging. Food packaging products have been commonly produced with petrol polymers, but due to environmental concerns, the market is being moved to biopolymers. Poly (lactic acid) (PLA) is the most promising biopolymer, as it is bio-based and biodegradable, and it is well established in the market. Nonetheless, its barrier properties need to be enhanced to be competitive with other polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET). Nanoclays improve the barrier properties of polymeric materials if correct dispersion and exfoliation are obtained. Thus, it marks a milestone to obtain an appropriate dispersion. A predispersed methodology is proposed as a compounding process to improve the dispersion of these composites instead of common melt procedures. Afterwards, the effect of the polarity of the matrix was analyzing using polar and surface modified nanoclays with contents ranging from 2 to 8% w/w. The results showed the suitability of the predispersed and concentrated compound, technically named masterbatch, to obtain intercalated structures and the higher dispersion of polar nanoclays. Finally, the mechanical performance and sustainability of the prepared materials were simulated in a food tray, showing the best assessment of these materials and their lower fingerprint.

Gas transport and thermal characterization of mono- and di-polyethylene films used for food packaging

2005 ◽  
Vol 99 (4) ◽  
pp. 1590-1599 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saša Mrkić ◽  
Kata Galić ◽  
Marica Ivanković ◽  
Sandra Hamin ◽  
Nada Ciković
Keyword(s):  
Food Packaging ◽  
Gas Transport ◽  
Thermal Characterization ◽  
Polyethylene Films

scholarly journals Tensile Performance of a Novel Glue-Laminated Cornstalk Scrimber

2020 ◽  
Vol 23 (3) ◽  
pp. 198-203
Author(s):  
Wei Tian ◽  
Yongmei Qian ◽  
Ruozhu Wang ◽  
Yiming Wang
Keyword(s):  
High Pressure ◽  
Tensile Strength ◽  
Experimental Analysis ◽  
Building Material ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Strain Curve ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Building Industry ◽  
Young’S Moduli ◽  
Tensile Performance

Glue-laminated cornstalk scrimber is a novel composite to substitute timber. This composite can be prepared in three steps: selecting flawless cornstalks, laying them parallel to grain, and gluing the scrimbers under high pressure. Compared with ordinary timber, glue-laminated cornstalk scrimber excels in the resistance to water, damping, insect, and fire. It is therefore widely recognized as novel eco-friendly and cost- effective composite with great potential in the building industry. The tensile strength of glue-laminated cornstalk scrimber mainly depends on the parallel-to-grain strength of its fibers. The mechanical performance parallel to grain directly determines that of this composite. Hence, this paper carries out experimental analysis on the Young’s moduli and parallel-to-grain tensile strengths of cornstalk scrimber and glue-laminated cornstalk scrimber. The results show that the load-strain curve of glue-laminated cornstalk scrimber basically changed linearly parallel to grain, and the material exhibited stable Young’s modulus and good strength; the glue-laminated cornstalk scrimber had a slightly higher tensile strength than cornstalk scrimber, and could thus replace timber as a building material.

scholarly journals A Cost-Sensitive Diagnosis Method Based on the Operation and Maintenance Data of UAV

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (23) ◽  
pp. 11116
Author(s):  
Ke Zheng ◽  
Guozhu Jia ◽  
Linchao Yang ◽  
Chunting Liu
Keyword(s):  
Fault Diagnosis ◽  
Data Distribution ◽  
Imbalanced Data ◽  
Data Driven ◽  
Total Cost ◽  
Operation And Maintenance ◽  
Diagnosis Method ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
Diagnosis Model ◽  
The Cost

In the fault diagnosis of UAVs, extremely imbalanced data distribution and vast differences in effects of fault modes can drastically affect the application effect of a data-driven fault diagnosis model under the limitation of computing resources. At present, there is still no credible approach to determine the cost of the misdiagnosis of different fault modes that accounts for the interference of data distribution. The performance of the original cost-insensitive flight data-driven fault diagnosis models also needs to be improved. In response to this requirement, this paper proposes a two-step ensemble cost-sensitive diagnosis method based on the operation and maintenance data of UAV. According to the fault criticality from FMECA information, we defined a misdiagnosis hazard value and calculated the misdiagnosis cost. By using the misdiagnosis cost, a static cost matrix could be set to modify the diagnosis model and to evaluate the performance of the diagnosis results. A two-step ensemble cost-sensitive method based on the MetaCost framework was proposed using stratified bootstrapping, choosing LightGBM as meta-classifiers, and adjusting the ensemble form to enhance the overall performance of the diagnosis model and reduce the occupation of the computing resources while optimizing the total misdiagnosis cost. The experimental results based on the KPG component data of a large fixed-wing UAV show that the proposed cost-sensitive model can effectively reduce the total cost incurred by misdiagnosis, without putting forward excessive requirements on the computing equipment under the condition of ensuring a certain overall level of diagnosis performance.

Mechanical Properties of ABS Embedded with Basalt Fiber Fillers

2016 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. 69-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ayman M. M. Abdelhaleem ◽  
Mohammed Y. Abdellah ◽  
Hesham I. Fathi ◽  
Montasser Dewidar
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Basalt Fiber ◽  
Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene ◽  
Hardness Test ◽  
Basalt Fibers ◽  
Notched Strength ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Plastic Injection

AbstractAcrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene (ABS) has great verity applications in aerospace and automobiles industries. Mechanical strength of the ABS is superior to even that of impact resistant polystyrene. In addition metallic coatings can be applied to the surface of ABS moldings. The main aim of the present work is to investigate the mechanical properties of additives of basalt fibers (BF) to ABS with (5, 10, and 15) wt% embedded into the polymer matrix by using plastic injection molding technique. This new perceptions has been done on basalt fibers that have a potential low cost with its good mechanical performance. The ultimate tensile strength that obtained from the composite with 15 wt% is 56.67 MPa with 40.52 % increase value than neat ABS, Young’s modulus gradually increases with increasing the amount of additives. Impact un-notched strength decreases with a reported increment of 24.617 KJ.m–2. A Rockwell hardness test is also used and with the increases of additives the amount of hardness of the composite increases. A scan electron microscopy (SEM) on the fracture surface is captured to check the morphologies structure of the composite comparable with a neat ABS. and it is showed a very good distribution and bonding of the B.F. with the pure ABS. As well as the cost of the ABS and BF is reduced by a percentage of 15 %.

scholarly journals Interference of Biodegradable Plastics in the Polypropylene Recycling Process

Materials ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 1886 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Samper ◽  
David Bertomeu ◽  
Marina Arrieta ◽  
José Ferri ◽  
Juan López-Martínez
Keyword(s):  
Biodegradable Polymers ◽  
Food Packaging ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Crop Protection ◽  
Melt Flow Index ◽  
Thermoplastic Starch ◽  
Flow Index ◽  
Moulding Process ◽  
Injection Moulding Process

Recycling polymers is common due to the need to reduce the environmental impact of these materials. Polypropylene (PP) is one of the polymers called ‘commodities polymers’ and it is commonly used in a wide variety of short-term applications such as food packaging and agricultural products. That is why a large amount of PP residues that can be recycled are generated every year. However, the current increasing introduction of biodegradable polymers in the food packaging industry can negatively affect the properties of recycled PP if those kinds of plastics are disposed with traditional plastics. For this reason, the influence that generates small amounts of biodegradable polymers such as polylactic acid (PLA), polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) and thermoplastic starch (TPS) in the recycled PP were analyzed in this work. Thus, recycled PP was blended with biodegradables polymers by melt extrusion followed by injection moulding process to simulate the industrial conditions. Then, the obtained materials were evaluated by studding the changes on the thermal and mechanical performance. The results revealed that the vicat softening temperature is negatively affected by the presence of biodegradable polymers in recycled PP. Meanwhile, the melt flow index was negatively affected for PLA and PHB added blends. The mechanical properties were affected when more than 5 wt.% of biodegradable polymers were present. Moreover, structural changes were detected when biodegradable polymers were added to the recycled PP by means of FTIR, because of the characteristic bands of the carbonyl group (between the band 1700–1800 cm−1) appeared due to the presence of PLA, PHB or TPS. Thus, low amounts (lower than 5 wt.%) of biodegradable polymers can be introduced in the recycled PP process without affecting the overall performance of the final material intended for several applications, such as food packaging, agricultural films for farming and crop protection.

scholarly journals The tradeoffs between safety and alert fatigue: Data from a national evaluation of hospital medication-related clinical decision support

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (8) ◽  
pp. 1252-1258 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zoe Co ◽  
A Jay Holmgren ◽  
David C Classen ◽  
Lisa Newmark ◽  
Diane L Seger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Decision ◽  
Evaluation Tool ◽  
Order Entry ◽  
Percentage Point Increase ◽  
Point Increase ◽  
Fatigue Data ◽  
Overall Performance ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Cost ◽  
Physician Order Entry

Abstract Objective The study sought to evaluate the overall performance of hospitals that used the Computerized Physician Order Entry Evaluation Tool in both 2017 and 2018, along with their performance against fatal orders and nuisance orders. Materials and Methods We evaluated 1599 hospitals that took the test in both 2017 and 2018 by using their overall percentage scores on the test, along with the percentage of fatal orders appropriately alerted on, and the percentage of nuisance orders incorrectly alerted on. Results Hospitals showed overall improvement; the mean score in 2017 was 58.1%, and this increased to 66.2% in 2018. Fatal order performance improved slightly from 78.8% to 83.0% (P < .001), though there was almost no change in nuisance order performance (89.0% to 89.7%; P = .43). Hospitals alerting on one or more nuisance orders had a 3-percentage-point increase in their overall score. Discussion Despite the improvement of overall scores in 2017 and 2018, there was little improvement in fatal order performance, suggesting that hospitals are not targeting the deadliest orders first. Nuisance order performance showed almost no improvement, and some hospitals may be achieving higher scores by overalerting, suggesting that the thresholds for which alerts are fired from are too low. Conclusions Although hospitals improved overall from 2017 to 2018, there is still important room for improvement for both fatal and nuisance orders. Hospitals that incorrectly alerted on one or more nuisance orders had slightly higher overall performance, suggesting that some hospitals may be achieving higher scores at the cost of overalerting, which has the potential to cause clinician burnout and even worsen safety.

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