scholarly journals Evaluation of Tramadol Hydrochloride Toxicity to Juvenile Zebrafish—Morphological, Antioxidant and Histological Responses

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 2349 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lucie Plhalova ◽  
Pavla Sehonova ◽  
Jana Blahova ◽  
Veronika Doubkova ◽  
Frantisek Tichy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Specific Growth ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Juvenile Growth ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Tramadol Hydrochloride ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Experimental Group

The presence of pharmaceuticals in water bodies is associated with the increasing consumption of these substances and limited elimination from wastewater. Pharmaceutical residues and their metabolites may have an unfavorable impact on fish and other aquatic biota. As the purification of wastewater from tramadol is very limited and the knowledge on its effects on non-target organisms is low, we decided to assess the subchronic impact of tramadol hydrochloride on fish—on the mortality, growth and histopathology, together with the impact on selected indices of oxidative stress. The juvenile growth toxicity test was carried out on zebrafish (Danio rerio), in accordance with the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation Guidelines 215 (Fish, Juvenile Growth Test). The fish were exposed to a range of tramadol hydrochloride concentrations (0.2, 2, 20, 200 and 600 µg/L) for 28 days. The outcome of this study suggests that chosen concentrations of tramadol hydrochloride did not affect either mortality or growth (regarding weight, length and specific growth rate). However, the results of this study indicate that 28-day exposure can negatively influence selected indices of oxidative stress, which is a harmful imbalance between free radicals and antioxidants in an organism. A significant increase was observed in glutathione S-transferase activity in the experimental group exposed to 2 µg/L tramadol hydrochloride, compared to the control. Moreover, lipid peroxidation was observed in groups exposed to 20 and 200 µg/L, in comparison to the control.

scholarly journals Toxicity Evaluation of Quantum Dots (ZnS and CdS) Singly and Combined in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 232 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatriz Matos ◽  
Marta Martins ◽  
Antonio Cid Samamed ◽  
David Sousa ◽  
Isabel Ferreira ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Aquatic Organisms ◽  
Aquatic Biota ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Fish Tissues ◽  
Oxidative Stress Enzymes ◽  
Living Organisms

The exponential growth of nanotechnology has led to the production of large quantities of nanomaterials for numerous industrial, technological, agricultural, environmental, food and many other applications. However, this huge production has raised growing concerns about the adverse effects that the release of these nanomaterials may have on the environment and on living organisms. Regarding the effects of QDs on aquatic organisms, existing data is scarce and often contradictory. Thus, more information is needed to understand the mechanisms associated with the potential toxicity of these nanomaterials in the aquatic environment. The toxicity of QDs (ZnS and CdS) was evaluated in the freshwater fish Danio rerio. The fishes were exposed for seven days to different concentrations of QDs (10, 100 and 1000 µg/L) individually and combined. Oxidative stress enzymes (catalase, superoxide dismutase and glutathione S-transferase), lipid peroxidation, HSP70 and total ubiquitin were assessed. In general, results suggest low to moderate toxicity as shown by the increase in catalase activity and lipid peroxidation levels. The QDs (ZnS and CdS) appear to cause more adverse effects singly than when tested combined. However, LPO results suggest that exposure to CdS singly caused more oxidative stress in zebrafish than ZnS or when the two QDs were tested combined. Levels of Zn and Cd measured in fish tissues indicate that both elements were bioaccumulated by fish and the concentrations increased in tissues according to the concentrations tested. The increase in HSP70 measured in fish exposed to 100 µg ZnS-QDs/L may be associated with high levels of Zn determined in fish tissues. No significant changes were detected for total ubiquitin. More experiments should be performed to fully understand the effects of QDs exposure to aquatic biota.

scholarly journals Antioxidants in erythrocytes in aging and dementia

2013 ◽  
Vol 59 (4) ◽  
pp. 443-451 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.A. Kosenko ◽  
L.A. Tikhonova ◽  
A.C. Poghosyan ◽  
Y.G. Kaminsky
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Organic Hydroperoxides

Age of patients and brain oxidative stress may contribute to pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Erythrocytes (red blood cells, RBC) are considered as passive “reporter cells” for the oxidative status of the whole organism and are not well studied in AD. The aim of this work was to assess whether the antioxidant status of RBC changes in aging and AD. Blood was taken from AD and non-Alzheimer's dementia patients, aged-matched and younger controls. In vivo antioxidant status was assessed in each of the study subjects by measuring RBC levels of Н О , organic hydroperoxides, glutathione (GSH) and glutathione disulfide (GSSG), activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, and glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase. In both aging and dementia, oxidative stress in RBC was shown to increase and to be expressed in elevated concentrations of H O and organic hydroperoxides, decreased the GSH/GSSG ratio and glutathione S-transferase activity. Decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in RBC may be considered as a new peripheral marker for Alzheimer’s disease while alterations of other parameters of oxidative stress reflect age-related events.

scholarly journals Oxidative stress and genetic markers of suboptimal antioxidant defense in the aging brain: a theoretical review

2014 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Lauren E. Salminen ◽  
Robert H. Paul
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Aging Brain ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense Enzymes ◽  
Repair Mechanisms ◽  
The Impact ◽  
The Brain

AbstractNormal aging involves a gradual breakdown of physiological processes that leads to a decline in cognitive functions and brain integrity, yet the onset and progression of decline are variable among older individuals. While many biological changes may contribute to this degree of variability, oxidative stress is a key mechanism of the aging process that can cause direct damage to cellular architecture within the brain. Oligodendrocytes are at a high risk for oxidative damage due to their role in myelin maintenance and production and limited repair mechanisms, suggesting that white matter may be particularly vulnerable to oxidative activity. Antioxidant defense enzymes within the brain, such as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and glutathione-S-transferase (GST), are crucial for breaking down the harmful end products of oxidative phosphorylation. Previous studies have revealed that allele variations of polymorphisms that encode these antioxidants are associated with abnormalities in SOD, CAT, GPx, and GST activity in the central nervous system. This review will focus on the role of oxidative stress in the aging brain and the impact of decreased antioxidant defense on brain integrity and cognitive function. Directions for future research investigations of antioxidant defense genes will also be discussed.

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Oxidative Stress Status in Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Liver Induced by Three Typical Organic UV Filters (BP-4, PABA and PBSA)

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 651 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xinxin Huang ◽  
Yuanyuan Li ◽  
Tantan Wang ◽  
Hui Liu ◽  
Jiaqi Shi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Prolonged Exposure ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Exposure Dose ◽  
Uv Filters ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Biomarker Response ◽  
Static Water ◽  
Organic Uv Filters

Organic UV filters are a kind of emerging pollutants, which have been widely used in personal care products (PCPs). This study evaluated the effects of benzophenone-4 (BP-4), 4-aminobenzoic acid (PABA), and 2-phenylbenzimidazole-5-sulfonic acid (PBSA) on the selected indices of antioxidative responses in zebrafish (Danio rerio) liver. Zebrafish were exposed to two different doses (i.e., 0.5 and 5 mg L−1) of semi-static water with three individual compounds. Liver samples were collected on 7 and 14 days to analyze biochemical indicators, including superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), reduced glutathione (GSH), and malondialdehyde (MDA). Oxidative stress occurred in zebrafish liver with significantly changed indicators during the whole exposure period. Different experimental groups could induce or inhibit the activity of antioxidant enzymes with varying degrees. With a prolonged exposure time and increased exposure dose, the hepatic lipid peroxidation was also obviously observed. Moreover, the toxicity order of three organic UV filters was analyzed using the integrated biomarker response (IBR) index and the results indicate that exposure to PABA for 7 days at 0.5 mg L−1 and PBSA for 7 days at 5 mg L−1 induced the most severe oxidative stress in the liver of zebrafish.

scholarly journals Effects of Subchronic Exposure of Diclofenac on Growth, Histopathological Changes, and Oxidative Stress in Zebrafish (Danio rerio)

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eva Praskova ◽  
Lucie Plhalova ◽  
Lucie Chromcova ◽  
Stanislava Stepanova ◽  
Iveta Bedanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Fish Growth ◽  
Histopathological Changes ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Environmental Concentration ◽  
Subchronic Exposure ◽  
Effect Concentration ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

The aim of this study was to investigate effects of subchronic exposure to sublethal levels of diclofenac on growth, oxidative stress, and histopathological changes inDanio rerio. The juvenile growth tests were performed onDanio rerioaccording to OECD method number 215. Fish at the age of 20 days were exposed to the diclofenac environmental concentration commonly detected in the Czech rivers (0.02 mg L−1) and the range of sublethal concentrations of diclofenac (5, 15, 30, and 60 mg L−1) for 28 days. A significant decrease (P<0.01) in the fish growth caused by diclofenac was observed in the concentrations of 30 and 60 mg L−1. The identified value of LOEC (lowest observed effect concentration) was 15 mg L−1of diclofenac and NOEC (no observed effect concentration) value was 5 mg L−1of diclofenac. We did not find histopathological changes and changes of selected parameters of oxidative stress (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase) in tested fish. The environmental concentration of diclofenac in Czech rivers did not have any effect on growth, selected oxidative stress parameters (glutathione S-transferase, glutathione reductase), or histopathological changes inDanio reriobut it could have an influence on lipid peroxidation.

scholarly journals ЗАСТОСУВАННЯ НОВІТНЬОГО ІНТЕГРАЛЬНОГО ІНДЕКСУ ОКИСНОГО СТРЕСУ В ОЦІНЦІ ВПЛИВУ ДОВКІЛЛЯ НА ПРІСНОВОДНИХ МОЛЮСКІВ

2019 ◽  
Vol 75 (1) ◽  
pp. 51-60
Author(s):  
O. B. Stoliar ◽  
L. L. Gnatyshyna ◽  
V. V. Khoma ◽  
G. H. Springe
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nuclear Power ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Thiol Groups ◽  
Cooling Pond ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Polluted Sites ◽  
Adaptive Ability ◽  
Freshwater Mollusks

The adverse environmental impacts cause the oxidative stress responsein the aquatic animals. However, depending on the severity and duration of impact, this response can be highly different. The aim of this study was the analysis of available results of the evaluation of antioxidant activities in the freshwater mollusks in the sense of the successfulness of the oxidative stress response. The recently proposed integrative index ‘Preparation to the oxidative stress’ (POS) was applied. Three populations of bivalve mollusks from the basin of the river Dniester were compared during three seasons, and in their ability to withstand heating (25o C and 30o C during 14 days) and exposure to ionizing radiation (14 days after the acute exposure to 2 mGy). The musselswere sampled in the low disturbed pristine site, highly polluted agricultural region and the cooling pond of the nuclear power plant with the constantly elevated temperature. The parameters for the calculation of POS included superoxide dismutase activity, catalase activity, glutathione S-transferase activity, glutathione concentration, and metallothionein (from its thiol groups) concentration. The values were calculated as the magnitude of change (as % change) in comparison to the corresponding control (less disturbed field group or non-exposed group). Three criteria for POS were applied. The number of the positive and negative changes and their limits were indicated. The analysis have shown that the POS responses were in the limits of adaptive ability in all studied cases. However, the results of POS calculation allowed the distinguishing of the responses that arerealized in the field and experimental exposures of mollusks.The most distinct responses were shown for the glutathione (mainly positive changes) whereas the metalothionein level was mainly oppressed, particularly under the heating. The depressive direction was estimated in the cases of extreme temperatures, irradiation and, mainly for the mollusks from the highly polluted sites. The key importance of POS as a survival strategy of the mussels exposed to adverse impact depending on the life historyis evident.

scholarly journals Norfloxacin—Toxicity for Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Focused on Oxidative Stress Parameters

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta Bartoskova ◽  
Radka Dobsikova ◽  
Vlasta Stancova ◽  
Ondrej Pana ◽  
Dana Zivna ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Danio Rerio ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Toxicity Tests ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Subchronic Toxicity ◽  
Biochemical Processes ◽  
Oxidative Stress Parameters ◽  
Stress Parameters

The aim of the study was to investigate the effects of subchronic exposure of zebrafish (Danio rerio) to a fluoroquinolone norfloxacin, using selected oxidative stress parameters as a target. Toxicity tests were performed on zebrafish according to the OECD Guidelines number 203 and number 215. In the Subchronic Toxicity Test, a significant (P<0.01) increase in the activity of glutathione peroxidase, glutathione S-transferase, and catalase was found. In the test, norfloxacin did not affect lipid peroxidation and catalytic activity of glutathione reductase. From the results, we can conclude that norfloxacin has a negative impact on specific biochemical processes connected with the production of reactive oxygen species in fish tested.

scholarly journals Toxicity of representative mixture of five rare earth elements in juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) juveniles

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Houda Hanana ◽  
Christine Kleinert ◽  
François Gagné
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rare Earth ◽  
Rainbow Trout ◽  
Rare Earth Elements ◽  
Oncorhynchus Mykiss ◽  
Transferase Activity ◽  
Mining Activities ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Ammonia Metabolism ◽  
Juvenile Rainbow Trout

AbstractRare earth elements (REEs) are contaminants of increasing interest due to intense mining activities for commercial purposes and ultimately released in the environment. We exposed juvenile rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) to a representative mixture of the five most abundant REEs for 96 h at concentrations similar found in lakes contaminated by mining activities at 0.1, 1, 10, and 100X whereas the 1x mixture contained cerium (Ce, 280 μg/L), lanthanum (La, 140 μg/L), neodymium (Nd, 120 μg/L), praseodymium (Pr, 28 μg/L), and samarium (Sm, 23 μg/L). We investigated the expression of 14 genes involved in oxidative stress, DNA repair, tissue growth/proliferation, protein chaperoning, xenobiotic biotransformation, and ammonia metabolism in the liver. In addition, DNA damage, oxidative stress (lipid peroxidation or LPO), inflammation (cyclooxygenase or COX activity), detoxification mechanisms (glutathione-S-transferase activity or GST), and labile zinc were determined in gills. The data revealed that genes involved in oxidative stress-catalase (cat), heat shock proteins 70 (hsp70), and glutamate dehydrogenase (glud) were upregulated while glutathione S-transferase (gst) and metallothionein (mt) gene expressions were downregulated. The mixture was genotoxic and increased labile Zn in gills of exposed trout. These changes occurred at concentrations 600 times lower than the LC50 for this mixture indicating effects below the 1X concentration. Based on principal component analysis and concentration-dependent reponses, the following sublethal effects were considered the most important/significant: DNA strand breaks (genotoxicity), labile Zn, cat, gst, hsp70, sparc, mt, and glud. These effects of fish juveniles are likely to occur in environments under the influence of mining activities.

scholarly journals Outcome of prolonged pH exposure on oxidative stress indices and glucose levels in gills and muscles of juvenile koi (Cyprinus carpio)

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (4) ◽  
pp. 198-207
Author(s):  
Bela Zutshi ◽  
Aradhana Singh ◽  
Proteek Dasgupta
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gradual Increase ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Exposure Period ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Antioxidant Defence ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Stress Indices ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
The Impact

Abstract The impact of a 96-hour exposure period to pH grades on lipid peroxidation (LPO), catalase (CAT), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione-S-transferase (GST), and glucose activity in the muscles and gills of koi carp was investigated. Juveniles were exposed to pH grade from 4.0 to 10.0 for four days to observe variance in enzymatic activity. There was a strong correlation between oxidative stress and antioxidant defence activity as an evidential increase was noted in the CAT, GST, and GSH values. Glucose levels were elevated throughout the experimental conditions in both tissues. The fish exhibited a strong behavioral association with a gradual increase in pH grades. There were significant fluctuations in the pH grades with basicity having a greater impact than acidity on the tissues investigated.

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