scholarly journals Changes in Phenolics and Fatty Acids Composition and Related Gene Expression during the Development from Seed to Leaves of Three Cultivated Cardoon Genotypes

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1096
Author(s):  
Giulia Graziani ◽  
Teresa Docimo ◽  
Monica De Palma ◽  
Francesca Sparvoli ◽  
Luana Izzo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Transcriptional Analysis ◽  
Total Phenols ◽  
Superior Genotypes

Cultivated cardoon (Cynara cardunculus var. altilis) has long been used as a food and medicine remedy and nowadays is considered a functional food. Its leaf bioactive compounds are mostly represented by chlorogenic acids and coumaroyl derivatives, known for their nutritional value and bioactivity. Having antioxidant and hepatoprotective properties, these molecules are used for medicinal purposes. Apart from the phenolic compounds in green tissues, cultivated cardoon is also used for the seed oil, having a composition suitable for the human diet, but also valuable as feedstock for the production of biofuel and biodegradable bioplastics. Given the wide spectrum of valuable cardoon molecules and their numerous industrial applications, a detailed characterization of different organs and tissues for their metabolic profiles as well as an extensive transcriptional analysis of associated key biosynthetic genes were performed to provide a deeper insight into metabolites biosynthesis and accumulation sites. This study aimed to provide a comprehensive analysis of the phenylpropanoids profile through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis, of fatty acids content through GC-MS analysis, along with quantitative transcriptional analyses by qRT-PCR of hydroxycinnamoyl-quinate transferase (HQT), stearic acid desaturase (SAD), and fatty acid desaturase (FAD) genes in seeds, hypocotyls, cotyledons and leaves of the cardoon genotypes “Spagnolo”, “Bianco Avorio”, and “Gigante”. Both oil yield and total phenols accumulation in all the tissues and organs indicated higher production in “Bianco Avorio” and “Spagnolo” than in “Gigante”. Antioxidant activity evaluation by DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays mirrored total phenols content. Overall, this study provides a detailed analysis of tissue composition of cardoon, enabling to elucidate value-added product accumulation and distribution during plant development and hence contributing to better address and optimize the sustainable use of this natural resource. Besides, our metabolic and transcriptional screening could be useful to guide the selection of superior genotypes.

scholarly journals Engineering Trienoic Fatty Acids into Cottonseed Oil Improves Low-Temperature Seed Germination, Plant Photosynthesis and Cotton Fiber Quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 61 (7) ◽  
pp. 1335-1347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lihong Gao ◽  
Wei Chen ◽  
Xiaoyu Xu ◽  
Jing Zhang ◽  
Tanoj K Singh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Low Temperature ◽  
Linolenic Acid ◽  
Seed Oil ◽  
Fiber Quality ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Oil Composition ◽  
Alpha Linolenic Acid ◽  
Total Oil

Abstract Alpha-linolenic acid (ALA, 18:3Δ9,12,15) and γ-linolenic acid \ (GLA, 18:3Δ6,9,12) are important trienoic fatty acids, which are beneficial for human health in their own right, or as precursors for the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids. ALA and GLA in seed oil are synthesized from linoleic acid (LA, 18:2Δ9,12) by the microsomal ω-3 fatty acid desaturase (FAD3) and Δ6 desaturase (D6D), respectively. Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) seed oil composition was modified by transforming with an FAD3 gene from Brassica napus and a D6D gene from Echium plantagineum, resulting in approximately 30% ALA and 20% GLA, respectively. The total oil content in transgenic seeds remained unaltered relative to parental seeds. Despite the use of a seed-specific promoter for transgene expression, low levels of GLA and increased levels of ALA were found in non-seed cotton tissues. At low temperature, the germinating cottonseeds containing the linolenic acid isomers elongated faster than the untransformed controls. ALA-producing lines also showed higher photosynthetic rates at cooler temperature and better fiber quality compared to both untransformed controls and GLA-producing lines. The oxidative stability of the novel cottonseed oils was assessed, providing guidance for potential food, pharmaceutical and industrial applications of these oils.

scholarly journals A novel omega3-fatty acid desaturase involved in the biosynthesis of eicosapentaenoic acid

2004 ◽  
Vol 378 (2) ◽  
pp. 665-671 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suzette L. PEREIRA ◽  
Yung-Sheng HUANG ◽  
Emil G. BOBIK ◽  
Anthony J. KINNEY ◽  
Kevin L. STECCA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Eicosapentaenoic Acid ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Oilseed Crops ◽  
Isolation And Characterization ◽  
Carbon Substrates ◽  
Nutritional Benefits

Long-chain n−3 PUFAs (polyunsaturated fatty acids) such as EPA (eicosapentaenoic acid; 20:5n−3) have important therapeutic and nutritional benefits in humans. In plants, cyanobacteria and nematodes, ω3-desaturases catalyse the formation of these n−3 fatty acids from n−6 fatty acid precursors. Here we describe the isolation and characterization of a gene (sdd17) derived from an EPA-rich fungus, Saprolegnia diclina, that encodes a novel ω3-desaturase. This gene was isolated by PCR amplification of an S. diclina cDNA library using oligonucleotide primers corresponding to conserved regions of known ω3-desaturases. Expression of this gene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae, in the presence of various fatty acid substrates, revealed that the recombinant protein could exclusively desaturate 20-carbon n−6 fatty acid substrates with a distinct preference for ARA (arachidonic acid; 20:4n−6), converting it into EPA. This activity differs from that of the known ω3-desaturases from any organism. Plant and cyanobacterial ω3-desaturases exclusively desaturate 18-carbon n−6 PUFAs, and a Caenorhabditis elegans ω3-desaturase preferentially desaturated 18-carbon PUFAs over 20-carbon substrates, and could not convert ARA into EPA when expressed in yeast. The sdd17-encoded desaturase was also functional in transgenic somatic soya bean embryos, resulting in the production of EPA from exogenously supplied ARA, thus demonstrating its potential for use in the production of EPA in transgenic oilseed crops.

scholarly journals Synthesis and Characterization of Maleinized Rice Bran Oil Fatty Acids

2019 ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
Deepti Shikha
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Rice Bran ◽  
Free Acid ◽  
Rice Bran Oil ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Acid Number ◽  
Dark Colour ◽  
Free Acid Content ◽  
Product Viscosity

Ricebran oil has higher percentage of free fatty acids which accounts for its use in various industries. In the present work rice bran fatty acids have been used for maleinization. In rice bran fatty acids maleic anhydride reacts with oleic acid without loss of unsaturation in the acid and formed succinic anhydride type adduct. Hydration of the maleinized product is performed to overcome from a number of technological difficulties such as increase in the product viscosity, abrupt and uncontrollable drop of the acid number and also gelation. Inspite of its high free acid content and dark colour, rice bran oil can be conveniently used in laundry soaps directly, but conversion of oil into distilled fatty acids provides various avenues for value added products. The absence of linolenic acid in rice bran fatty acids has an excellent advantage in providing non-yellowing characteristics. This property of rice bran fatty acids opens avnues for coating industries.

Synthesis, Characterization, and Dynamic Behavior of Well-defined Dithiomaleimide-functionalized Maltodextrins

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-89
Author(s):  
Francisco J. Hidalgo ◽  
Nathan A.P. Lorentz ◽  
TinTin B. Luu ◽  
Jonathan D. Tran ◽  
Praveen D. Wickremasinghe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Dynamic Behavior ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
19F Nmr ◽  
Nmr Studies ◽  
Synthetic Pathway ◽  
End Groups ◽  
Sugar End

: Maltodextrins have an increasing number of biomedical and industrial applications due to their attractive physicochemical properties such as biodegradability and biocompatibility. Herein, we describe the development of a synthetic pathway and characterization of thiol-responsive maltodextrin conjugates with dithiomaleimide linkages. 19F NMR studies were also conducted to demonstrate the exchange dynamics of the dithiomaleimide-functionalized sugar end groups.

scholarly journals In Vitro Characterization of the Antibacterial Spectrum of Novel Bacterial Type II Topoisomerase Inhibitors of the Aminobenzimidazole Class

2006 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1228-1237 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nagraj Mani ◽  
Christian H. Gross ◽  
Jonathan D. Parsons ◽  
Brian Hanzelka ◽  
Ute Müh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Resistance ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Dna Gyrase ◽  
Antibacterial Activities ◽  
Mechanisms Of Action ◽  
Fluoroquinolone Resistance ◽  
Topoisomerase Iv ◽  
Low Frequencies

ABSTRACT Antibiotics with novel mechanisms of action are becoming increasingly important in the battle against bacterial resistance to all currently used classes of antibiotics. Bacterial DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (topoIV) are the familiar targets of fluoroquinolone and coumarin antibiotics. Here we present the characterization of two members of a new class of synthetic bacterial topoII ATPase inhibitors: VRT-125853 and VRT-752586. These aminobenzimidazole compounds were potent inhibitors of both DNA gyrase and topoIV and had excellent antibacterial activities against a wide spectrum of problematic pathogens responsible for both nosocomial and community-acquired infections, including staphylococci, streptococci, enterococci, and mycobacteria. Consistent with the novelty of their structures and mechanisms of action, antibacterial potency was unaffected by commonly encountered resistance phenotypes, including fluoroquinolone resistance. In time-kill assays, VRT-125853 and VRT-752586 were bactericidal against Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae, Enterococcus faecalis, and Haemophilus influenzae, causing 3-log reductions in viable cells within 24 h. Finally, similar to the fluoroquinolones, relatively low frequencies of spontaneous resistance to VRT-125853 and VRT-752586 were found, a property consistent with their in vitro dual-targeting activities.

scholarly journals Effects of a Twin-Screw Extruder Equipped with a Molten Resin Reservoir on the Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Recycled Waste Plastic Polyethylene Pellet Moldings

Polymers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1058
Author(s):  
Hikaru Okubo ◽  
Haruka Kaneyasu ◽  
Tetsuya Kimura ◽  
Patchiya Phanthong ◽  
Shigeru Yao
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Properties ◽  
Mechanical Performance ◽  
Value Added ◽  
Industrial Applications ◽  
Twin Screw Extruder ◽  
Screw Extruder ◽  
Polymer Properties ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Twin Screw ◽  
Recycled Plastics

Each year, increasing amounts of plastic waste are generated, causing environmental pollution and resource loss. Recycling is a solution, but recycled plastics often have inferior mechanical properties to virgin plastics. However, studies have shown that holding polymers in the melt state before extrusion can restore the mechanical properties; thus, we propose a twin-screw extruder with a molten resin reservoir (MSR), a cavity between the screw zone and twin-screw extruder discharge, which retains molten polymer after mixing in the twin-screw zone, thus influencing the polymer properties. Re-extruded recycled polyethylene (RPE) pellets were produced, and the tensile properties and microstructure of virgin polyethylene (PE), unextruded RPE, and re-extruded RPE moldings prepared with and without the MSR were evaluated. Crucially, the elongation at break of the MSR-extruded RPE molding was seven times higher than that of the original RPE molding, and the Young’s modulus of the MSR-extruded RPE molding was comparable to that of the virgin PE molding. Both the MSR-extruded RPE and virgin PE moldings contained similar striped lamellae. Thus, MSR re-extrusion improved the mechanical performance of recycled polymers by optimizing the microstructure. The use of MSRs will facilitate the reuse of waste plastics as value-added materials having a wide range of industrial applications.

Bee collected pollen as a value-added product rich in bioactive compounds and unsaturated fatty acids: A comparative study from Turkey and Romania

LWT ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 111925
Author(s):  
Rodica Mărgăoan ◽  
Aslı Özkök ◽  
Şaban Keskin ◽  
Nazlı Mayda ◽  
Adriana Cristina Urcan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Comparative Study ◽  
Bioactive Compounds ◽  
Unsaturated Fatty Acids ◽  
Value Added ◽  
A Value

scholarly journals Heat stress elicits remodeling in the anther lipidome of peanut

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zolian S. Zoong Lwe ◽  
Ruth Welti ◽  
Daniel Anco ◽  
Salman Naveed ◽  
Sachin Rustgi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Fatty Acids ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Fatty Acid Desaturase ◽  
Susceptible Genotype ◽  
Unsaturated Lipid ◽  
Lipid Species ◽  
Lipid Unsaturation ◽  
Fatty Acid Amount

AbstractUnderstanding the changes in peanut (Arachis hypogaea L.) anther lipidome under heat stress (HT) will aid in understanding the mechanisms of heat tolerance. We profiled the anther lipidome of seven genotypes exposed to ambient temperature (AT) or HT during flowering. Under AT and HT, the lipidome was dominated by phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), and triacylglycerol (TAG) species (> 50% of total lipids). Of 89 lipid analytes specified by total acyl carbons:total carbon–carbon double bonds, 36:6, 36:5, and 34:3 PC and 34:3 PE (all contain 18:3 fatty acid and decreased under HT) were the most important lipids that differentiated HT from AT. Heat stress caused decreases in unsaturation indices of membrane lipids, primarily due to decreases in highly-unsaturated lipid species that contained 18:3 fatty acids. In parallel, the expression of Fatty Acid Desaturase 3-2 (FAD3-2; converts 18:2 fatty acids to 18:3) decreased under HT for the heat-tolerant genotype SPT 06-07 but not for the susceptible genotype Bailey. Our results suggested that decreasing lipid unsaturation levels by lowering 18:3 fatty-acid amount through reducing FAD3 expression is likely an acclimation mechanism to heat stress in peanut. Thus, genotypes that are more efficient in doing so will be relatively more tolerant to HT.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document