scholarly journals Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer Chemoprevention: Implications in Pancreatic Cancer

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Anita Thyagarajan ◽  
Andrew S. Forino ◽  
Raymond L. Konger ◽  
Ravi P. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stress Levels

Naturally occurring dietary agents present in a wide variety of plant products, are rich sources of phytochemicals possessing medicinal properties, and thus, have been used in folk medicine for ages to treat various ailments. The beneficial effects of such dietary components are frequently attributed to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, particularly in regards to their antineoplastic activities. As many tumor types exhibit greater oxidative stress levels that are implicated in favoring autonomous cell growth activation, most chemotherapeutic agents can also enhance tumoral oxidative stress levels in part via generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS-mediated imbalance of the cellular redox potential can provide novel drug targets, as a consequence, this ROS-mediated excessive damage to cellular functions, including oncogenic mutagenesis, has also been implicated in inducing chemoresistance. This remains one of the major challenges in the treatment and management of human malignancies. Antioxidant-enriched natural compounds offer one of the promising approaches in mitigating some of the underlying mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and therefore, have been extensively explored in cancer chemoprevention. Among various groups of dietary phytochemicals, polyphenols have been extensively explored for their underlying chemopreventive mechanisms in other cancer models. Thus, the current review highlights the significance and mechanisms of some of the highly studied polyphenolic compounds, with greater emphasis on pancreatic cancer chemoprevention.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Tocopherols on TNFα-Induced ROS Production and ICAM-1 and Cl-2 Expression in HT29 Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Vladana Domazetovic ◽  
Irene Falsetti ◽  
Caterina Viglianisi ◽  
Kristian Vasa ◽  
Cinzia Aurilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bowel Diseases

Vitamin E, a fat-soluble compound, possesses both antioxidant and non-antioxidant properties. In this study we evaluated, in intestinal HT29 cells, the role of natural tocopherols, α-Toc and δ-Toc, and two semi-synthetic derivatives, namely bis-δ-Toc sulfide (δ-Toc)2S and bis-δ-Toc disulfide (δ-Toc)2S2, on TNFα-induced oxidative stress, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and claudin-2 (Cl-2) expression. The role of tocopherols was compared to that of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant precursor of glutathione synthesis. The results show that all tocopherol containing derivatives used, prevented TNFα-induced oxidative stress and the increase of ICAM-1 and Cl-2 expression, and that (δ-Toc)2S and (δ-Toc)2S2 are more effective than δ-Toc and α-Toc. The beneficial effects demonstrated were due to tocopherol antioxidant properties, but suppression of TNFα-induced Cl-2 expression seems not only to be related with antioxidant ability. Indeed, while ICAM-1 expression is strongly related to the intracellular redox state, Cl-2 expression is TNFα-up-regulated by both redox and non-redox dependent mechanisms. Since ICAM-1 and Cl-2 increase intestinal bowel diseases, and cause excessive recruitment of immune cells and alteration of the intestinal barrier, natural and, above all, semi-synthetic tocopherols may have a potential role as a therapeutic support against intestinal chronic inflammation, in which TNFα represents an important proinflammatory mediator.

scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Saffron Aqueous Extract on Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Oxidative Stress on Diabetic Encephalopathy in Streptozotocin Induced Experimental Diabetes Mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad ◽  
Fariborz Samini
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diabetic Encephalopathy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Saffron Extract

Diabetic encephalopathy is one of the severe complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Findings indicate that saffron extract has antioxidant properties but its underlying beneficial effects on diabetic encephalopathy were unclear. In the present study, the protective activities of saffron were evaluated in diabetic encephalopathy. Saffron at 40 and 80 mg/kg significantly increased body weight and serum TNF-αand decreased blood glucose levels, glycosylated serum proteins, and serum advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) levels. Furthermore, significant increase in HDL and decrease (P<0.05) in cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL were observed after 28 days of treatment. At the end of experiments, the hippocampus tissue was used for determination of glutathione content (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities. Furthermore, saffron significantly increased GSH, SOD, and CAT but remarkably decreased cognitive deficit, serum TNF-α, and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in hippocampus tissue. Our findings indicated that saffron extract may reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia risk and also reduce the oxidative stress in diabetic encephalopathy rats. This study suggested that saffron extract might be a promising candidate for the improvement of chemically induced diabetes and its complications.

scholarly journals The Potential of Lisosan G as a Possible Treatment for Glaucoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Amato ◽  
Maria Grazia Rossino ◽  
Maurizio Cammalleri ◽  
Anna Maria Timperio ◽  
Giuseppina Fanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Temporal Profiles ◽  
Retinal Pathologies

Lisosan G (LG), a fermented powder obtained from whole grains, is a nutritional supplement containing a variety of metabolites with documented antioxidant properties. We have recently demonstrated that orally administered LG protects diabetic rodent retinas from oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, blood-retinal barrier disruption, and functional damage. Here, we investigated whether LG may exert protective effects in a model of glaucoma and measured the amounts of selected LG components that reach the retina after oral LG administration. Six-month-old DBA/2J mice were given an aqueous LG solution in place of drinking water for 2 mo. During the 2 mo of treatment with LG, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) functional activity was recorded with pattern-electroretinography (PERG). At the end of the 2-mo period, the expression of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers was measured with qPCR, and RGC survival or macroglial activation were assessed with immunofluorescence. Alternatively, LG was administered by gavage and the concentrations of four of the main LG components (nicotinamide, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and quercetin) were measured in the retinas in the following 24 h using mass spectrometry. LG treatment in DBA/2J mice did not influence IOP, but it affected RGC function since PERG amplitude was increased and PERG latency was decreased with respect to untreated DBA/2J mice. This improvement of RGC function was concomitant with a significant decrease of both oxidative stress and inflammation marker expression, of RGC loss, and of macroglial activation. All four LG metabolites were found in the retina, although with different proportions with respect to the amount in the dose of administered LG, and with different temporal profiles in the 24 h following administration. These findings are consistent with neuroenhancing and neuroprotective effects of LG in glaucoma that are likely to derive from its powerful antioxidant properties. The co-occurrence of different metabolites in LG may provide an added value to their beneficial effects and indicate LG as a basis for the potential treatment of a variety of retinal pathologies.

scholarly journals A Nutritional Supplement (DìLshTM) Improves the Inflammatory Cytokines Response, Oxidative Stress Markers and Clinical Signs in Dogs Naturally Infected by Leishmania infantum

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
Vincenzo Mastellone ◽  
Nadia Musco ◽  
Giuseppe Vassalotti ◽  
Diego Piantedosi ◽  
Alessandro Vastolo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Leishmania Infantum ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Sample Collection ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Significant Clinical Improvement ◽  
Inflammatory State

The possibility to associate nutraceuticals, as immune-modulating tools, to the treatment of visceral leishmaniosis is a matter of great interest. In this study, we investigated whether the administration of a nutritional supplement (DìLshTM, Dynamopet SRL, Verona, Italy) was able to exert beneficial effects on the inflammatory state and oxidative stress of the dogs naturally infected by Leishmania infantum. To this purpose, specific parameters, namely Tumor Necrosis Factor -alpha (TNFα), Interleukin-6 (IL-6), Inteleukin-10 (IL-10), leptin, derivates of Reactive Oxigen Metabolites (d-Roms) and Biological Antioxidant Potential (BAP), as well as the haematological and biochemical profiles of the infected dogs, were investigated upon the treatment with the nutritional supplement and compared with the conventional pharmacological anti-Leishmania therapy. The animals underwent complete clinical examination and blood sample collection before (T0) and 3 months after (T90) the onset of the two treatments. The two treatments showed similar results: significant clinical improvement, ELISA positivity and IgG decrease, an increase in IL-10, and a decrease in IL-6 were observed in animals treated with the nutritional supplement. A decrease in d-Roms and an increase in BAP were also detected in both groups. On the whole, the nutritional supplement possesses anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, suggesting that it may support animals’ health and be useful to extend the time a drug therapy is needed.

scholarly journals Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Chronic Kidney Disease—Potential Therapeutic Role of Minerals, Vitamins and Plant-Derived Metabolites

2019 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 263 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shara Francesca Rapa ◽  
Biagio Raffaele Di Iorio ◽  
Pietro Campiglia ◽  
August Heidland ◽  
Stefania Marzocco
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Small Sample ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Agents ◽  
Antioxidative Agents ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a debilitating pathology with various causal factors, culminating in end stage renal disease (ESRD) requiring dialysis or kidney transplantation. The progression of CKD is closely associated with systemic inflammation and oxidative stress, which are responsible for the manifestation of numerous complications such as malnutrition, atherosclerosis, coronary artery calcification, heart failure, anemia and mineral and bone disorders, as well as enhanced cardiovascular mortality. In addition to conventional therapy with anti-inflammatory and antioxidative agents, growing evidence has indicated that certain minerals, vitamins and plant-derived metabolites exhibit beneficial effects in these disturbances. In the current work, we review the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties of various agents which could be of potential benefit in CKD/ESRD. However, the related studies were limited due to small sample sizes and short-term follow-up in many trials. Therefore, studies of several anti-inflammatory and antioxidant agents with long-term follow-ups are necessary.

The effects of CeO2 nanoparticle (CeNPs) on oxidative stress biomarkers of rat liver mitochondria: In vitro study ‏

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mona Pourjafar ◽  
Sara Malih ◽  
Akram Ranjbar
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Rat Liver ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Rat Liver Mitochondria ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stress Biomarkers

: In recent years, the applications of nanoparticles have received a great attention due to their industrial and biomedical applications, while their beneficial effects suffer from controversial results at clinical stages. In the current study, cytotoxicity of cerium oxide (CeNP) nanoparticles (100 nm) were evaluated using mitochondria derived from wistar rat's liver. Isolated mitochondria from rat’s liver were divided into 7 groups including group 1 as control and group 2 to 7 as treatment group with different doses of CeNP (5, 10, 50, 100, 250 and 500mg/ml, respectively), for 24,48 and 72 hours. After exposure, oxidative stress biomarkers such as total ‎antioxidant capacity (TAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), total thiol groups (TTG), catalase activity (CAT) and mitochondrial viability, were determined in isolated rat liver mitochondria. Results have shown that CeNPs increase TAC, TTG, CAT, LPO and viability of mitochondria in various exposure times and confirm antioxidant properties of CeNPs in mithocondria while mitochondria is a main source for the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS).

scholarly journals Bioactives in spices, and spice oleoresins: Phytochemicals and their beneficial effects in food preservation and health promotion

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 8-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feriedoon Shahidi ◽  
Abul Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Microbial Toxins

Spices have broadly been used as food flavoring and folk medicine since ancient times. Numerous phytochemicals have been identified in spices, namely thymol (ajowan and thyme), anethole (aniseed), piperine (black pepper), capsaicin (capsicum), cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon), eugenol (clove), linalool (coriander), sabinene (curry leaf), limonene (dill seed), estragole (fennel seed), allicin (garlic), gingerol (ginger), safranal (saffron), and curcumin (turmeric), among others. The antioxidants in spices are very effective and also render anti-mutagenic, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Apart from their antioxidant efficacy, spices, particularly their essential oils possess strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and microbial toxins synthesis. In this contribution, a summary of the most relevant and recent findings on phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of spices has been compiled and discussed. The content of phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids in different spices are summarized. In addition, the beneficial effects of spices in food preservation and in health promotion and disease risk reduction are briefly described.

The benefit of a supplement with the antioxidant melatonin on redox status and muscle damage in resistance-trained athletes

2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 700-707 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto C. Leonardo-Mendonça ◽  
Javier Ocaña-Wilhelmi ◽  
Tomás de Haro ◽  
Carlos de Teresa-Galván ◽  
Eduardo Guerra-Hernández ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Muscle Damage ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Redox Status ◽  
Absorption Capacity ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Before And After ◽  
High Doses ◽  
Exercise Induced

Previous data showed that the administration of high doses of melatonin improved the circadian system in athletes. Here, we investigated in the same experimental paradigm whether the antioxidant properties of melatonin has also beneficial effects against exercise-induced oxidative stress and muscle damage in athletes. Twenty-four athletes were treated with 100 mg·day−1 of melatonin or placebo 30 min before bedtime during 4 weeks in a randomized double-blind scheme. Exercise intensity was higher during the study that before starting it. Blood samples were collected before and after treatment, and plasma was used for oxygen radical absorption capacity (ORAC), lipid peroxidation (LPO), nitrite plus nitrate (NOx), and advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP) determinations. Glutathione (GSH), glutathione disulphide (GSSG) levels, and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and reductase (GRd) activities, were measured in erythrocytes. Melatonin intake increased ORAC, reduced LPO and NOx levels, and prevented the increase of AOPP, compared to placebo group. Melatonin was also more efficient than placebo in reducing GSSG·GSH−1 and GPx·GRd−1 ratios. Melatonin, but not placebo, reduced creatine kinase, lactate dehydrogenase, creatinine, and total cholesterol levels. Overall, the data reflect a beneficial effect of melatonin treatment in resistance-training athletes, preventing extra- and intracellular oxidative stress induced by exercise, and yielding further skeletal muscle protection against exercise-induced oxidative damage.

Grape seed and skin extract mitigates garlic-induced oxidative stress in rat liver

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Hamlaoui-Gasmi ◽  
Meherzia Mokni ◽  
Nadia Limam ◽  
Prudence N’guessan ◽  
Alice Carrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Free Iron ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Garlic is a commonly used spice in folk medicine that can exert adverse health effects when given at a high dose. Grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) exhibits a variety of beneficial effects even at a high dose. In the present study we evaluated the toxicity of high-dose garlic treatment on liver and the protective effect of GSSE. Rats were intraperitoneally administered either with garlic extract (5 g·(kg body weight)–1) or GSSE (500 mg·(kg body weight)–1) or a combination of garlic and GSSE at the same doses daily for 1 month. Plasma and hepatic levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and transaminases and liver antioxidant status were evaluated. Data showed that a high garlic dose induced liver toxicity and a pro-oxidative status characterized by increased malondialdehyde and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Garlic increased intracellular H2O2but decreased free iron and Ca2+. GSSE alone or in co-treatment with garlic had the reverse effect and counteracted almost all garlic-induced deleterious impacts to near control levels. In conclusion, a high garlic dose induced a pro-oxidative state characterized by the Fenton reaction between H2O2and free iron, inducing Ca2+depletion, while GSSE exerted antioxidant properties and Ca2+repletion.

Beneficial effects of carnosine and carnosine plus vitamin E treatments on doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and cardiac, hepatic, and renal toxicity in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kumral ◽  
M Giriş ◽  
M Soluk-Tekkeşin ◽  
V Olgaç ◽  
S Doğru-Abbasoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Diene Conjugate ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Objective: Oxidative stress plays an important role in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced toxicity. Carnosine (CAR) is a dipeptide with antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the decreasing or preventive effect of CAR alone or combination with vitamin E (CAR + Vit E) on DOX-induced toxicity in heart, liver, and brain of rats. Methods: Rats were treated with CAR (250 mg kg−1 day−1; intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or CAR + Vit E (equals 200 mg kg−1 α-tocopherol; once every 3 days; intramuscularly) for 12 consecutive days. On the 8th day of treatment, rats were injected with a single dose of DOX (30 mg kg−1, i.p.). Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), urea, and creatinine levels; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities; and oxidative stress parameters in tissues were measured. We also determined thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, diene conjugate, protein carbonyl (PC), and glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. Results: DOX resulted in increased serum cTnI, ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels and increased lipid peroxide and PC levels in tissues. CAR or CAR + Vit E treatments led to decreases in serum cTnI levels and ALT and AST activities. These treatments reduced prooxidant status and ameloriated histopathologic findings in the examined tissues. Conclusion: Our results may indicate that CAR alone, especially in combination with Vit E, protect against DOX-induced toxicity in heart, liver, and kidney tissues of rats. This was evidenced by improved cardiac, hepatic, and renal markers and restoration of the prooxidant state and amelioration of histopathologic changes.

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