scholarly journals Ameliorative Effect of Saffron Aqueous Extract on Hyperglycemia, Hyperlipidemia, and Oxidative Stress on Diabetic Encephalopathy in Streptozotocin Induced Experimental Diabetes Mellitus

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saeed Samarghandian ◽  
Mohsen Azimi-Nezhad ◽  
Fariborz Samini
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Serum Proteins ◽  
Advanced Glycation Endproducts ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Diabetic Encephalopathy ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Saffron Extract

Diabetic encephalopathy is one of the severe complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Findings indicate that saffron extract has antioxidant properties but its underlying beneficial effects on diabetic encephalopathy were unclear. In the present study, the protective activities of saffron were evaluated in diabetic encephalopathy. Saffron at 40 and 80 mg/kg significantly increased body weight and serum TNF-αand decreased blood glucose levels, glycosylated serum proteins, and serum advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs) levels. Furthermore, significant increase in HDL and decrease (P<0.05) in cholesterol, triglyceride, and LDL were observed after 28 days of treatment. At the end of experiments, the hippocampus tissue was used for determination of glutathione content (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) activities. Furthermore, saffron significantly increased GSH, SOD, and CAT but remarkably decreased cognitive deficit, serum TNF-α, and induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) activity in hippocampus tissue. Our findings indicated that saffron extract may reduce hyperglycemia and hyperlipidemia risk and also reduce the oxidative stress in diabetic encephalopathy rats. This study suggested that saffron extract might be a promising candidate for the improvement of chemically induced diabetes and its complications.

scholarly journals Loganic Acid, an Iridoid Glycoside Extracted from Cornus mas L. Fruits, Reduces of Carbonyl/Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Plasma and Restores Antioxidant Balance in Leukocytes of Rats with Streptozotocin-Induced Diabetes Mellitus

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 349
Author(s):  
Olha Dzydzan ◽  
Iryna Brodyak ◽  
Anna Sokół-Łętowska ◽  
Alicja Z. Kucharska ◽  
Natalia Sybirna
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
New Drugs ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Cornus Mas ◽  
Streptozotocin Induced Diabetes

The various complications related to diabetes are due to the alteration in plasma components and functional activity of blood cells, hence the search for preventive remedies that would ameliorate the clinical condition of patients is a relevant problem today. The main aim of the present study was to examine the antidiabetic potency and antioxidant effects of loganic acid (LA) in blood of diabetic rats. LA showed a restoration of balance between functioning of antioxidant defense system and oxidative stress in leukocytes without notable effects on blood glucose levels when administered orally to rats (20 mg/kg b.w./day) for 14 days. LA ameliorated antioxidant status in leukocytes, as indicated by increasing the content of reduced glutathione and activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase along with decreasing levels of intracellular reactive oxygen species. In addition, we observed the ability of LA to protect against formation and accumulation of glycation and oxidation protein products and malondialdehyde derivates in plasma. Therefore, LA showed antioxidant properties that may have beneficial effects under diabetes. Such results may represent LA as one of the plant components in the development of new drugs that will correct metabolic and functional disorders in leukocytes under diabetes.

scholarly journals Protective Role of Natural and Semi-Synthetic Tocopherols on TNFα-Induced ROS Production and ICAM-1 and Cl-2 Expression in HT29 Intestinal Epithelial Cells

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 160
Author(s):  
Vladana Domazetovic ◽  
Irene Falsetti ◽  
Caterina Viglianisi ◽  
Kristian Vasa ◽  
Cinzia Aurilia ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Intercellular Adhesion Molecule 1 ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bowel Diseases

Vitamin E, a fat-soluble compound, possesses both antioxidant and non-antioxidant properties. In this study we evaluated, in intestinal HT29 cells, the role of natural tocopherols, α-Toc and δ-Toc, and two semi-synthetic derivatives, namely bis-δ-Toc sulfide (δ-Toc)2S and bis-δ-Toc disulfide (δ-Toc)2S2, on TNFα-induced oxidative stress, and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) and claudin-2 (Cl-2) expression. The role of tocopherols was compared to that of N-acetylcysteine (NAC), an antioxidant precursor of glutathione synthesis. The results show that all tocopherol containing derivatives used, prevented TNFα-induced oxidative stress and the increase of ICAM-1 and Cl-2 expression, and that (δ-Toc)2S and (δ-Toc)2S2 are more effective than δ-Toc and α-Toc. The beneficial effects demonstrated were due to tocopherol antioxidant properties, but suppression of TNFα-induced Cl-2 expression seems not only to be related with antioxidant ability. Indeed, while ICAM-1 expression is strongly related to the intracellular redox state, Cl-2 expression is TNFα-up-regulated by both redox and non-redox dependent mechanisms. Since ICAM-1 and Cl-2 increase intestinal bowel diseases, and cause excessive recruitment of immune cells and alteration of the intestinal barrier, natural and, above all, semi-synthetic tocopherols may have a potential role as a therapeutic support against intestinal chronic inflammation, in which TNFα represents an important proinflammatory mediator.

scholarly journals Molecular and Biochemical Pathways of Catalpol in Alleviating Diabetes Mellitus and Its Complications

Biomolecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 323
Author(s):  
Subrat Kumar Bhattamisra ◽  
Hui Min Koh ◽  
Shin Yean Lim ◽  
Hira Choudhury ◽  
Manisha Pandey
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Diabetic Complications ◽  
Inflammatory Markers ◽  
Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase ◽  
Neuroprotective Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Ppar Γ ◽  
High Glucose Condition ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Catalpol isolated from Rehmannia glutinosa is a potent antioxidant and investigated against many disorders. This review appraises the key molecular pathways of catalpol against diabetes mellitus and its complications. Multiple search engines including Google Scholar, PubMed, and Science Direct were used to retrieve publications containing the keywords “Catalpol”, “Type 1 diabetes mellitus”, “Type 2 diabetes mellitus”, and “diabetic complications”. Catalpol promotes IRS-1/PI3K/AKT/GLUT2 activity and suppresses Phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PEPCK) and Glucose 6-phosphatase (G6Pase) expression in the liver. Catalpol induces myogenesis by increasing MyoD/MyoG/MHC expression and improves mitochondria function through the AMPK/PGC-1α/PPAR-γ and TFAM signaling in skeletal muscles. Catalpol downregulates the pro-inflammatory markers and upregulates the anti-inflammatory markers in adipose tissues. Catalpol exerts antioxidant properties through increasing superoxide dismutase (sod), catalase (cat), and glutathione peroxidase (gsh-px) activity in the pancreas and liver. Catalpol has been shown to have anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-apoptosis, and anti-fibrosis properties that in turn bring beneficial effects in diabetic complications. Its nephroprotective effect is related to the modulation of the AGE/RAGE/NF-κB and TGF-β/smad2/3 pathways. Catalpol produces a neuroprotective effect by increasing the expression of protein Kinase-C (PKC) and Cav-1. Furthermore, catalpol exhibits a cardioprotective effect through the apelin/APJ and ROS/NF-κB/Neat1 pathway. Catalpol stimulates proliferation and differentiation of osteoblast cells in high glucose condition. Lastly, catalpol shows its potential in preventing neurodegeneration in the retina with NF-κB downregulation. Overall, catalpol exhibits numerous beneficial effects on diabetes mellitus and diabetic complications.

scholarly journals Effects of Apocynin on Heart Muscle Oxidative Stress of Rats with Experimental Diabetes: Implications for Mitochondria

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 335
Author(s):  
Estefanía Bravo-Sánchez ◽  
Donovan Peña-Montes ◽  
Sarai Sánchez-Duarte ◽  
Alfredo Saavedra-Molina ◽  
Elizabeth Sánchez-Duarte ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Cardiac Tissue ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oxidase Inhibitor ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Glucose Levels ◽  
Blood Glucose Levels ◽  
Transport Chain ◽  
Male Wistar Rats

Diabetes mellitus (DM) constitutes one of the public health problems today. It is characterized by hyperglycemia through a defect in the β-cells function and/or decreased insulin sensitivity. Apocynin has been tasted acting directly as an NADPH oxidase inhibitor and reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenger, exhibiting beneficial effects against diabetic complications. Hence, the present study’s goal was to dissect the possible mechanisms by which apocynin could mediate its cardioprotective effect against DM-induced oxidative stress. Male Wistar rats were assigned into 4 groups: Control (C), control + apocynin (C+A), diabetes (D), diabetes + apocynin (D+A). DM was induced with streptozotocin. Apocynin treatment (3 mg/kg/day) was applied for 5 weeks. Treatment significantly decreased blood glucose levels and insulin resistance in diabetic rats. In cardiac tissue, ROS levels were higher, and catalase enzyme activity was reduced in the D group compared to the C group; the apocynin treatment significantly attenuated these responses. In heart mitochondria, Complexes I and II of the electron transport chain (ETC) were significantly enhanced in the D+A group. Total glutathione, the level of reduced glutathione (GSH) and the GSH/ oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio were increased in the D+A group. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities were without change. Apocynin enhances glucose uptake and insulin sensitivity, preserving the antioxidant defense and mitochondrial function.

Comparison of ameliorative effects of Taraxacum syriacum and N-acetylcysteine against acetaminophen-induced oxidative stress in rat liver and kidney

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reza Eshrati ◽  
Mahvash Jafari ◽  
Saeed Gudarzi ◽  
Afshen Nazari ◽  
Esmaeil Samizadeh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Standard Drug ◽  
Ameliorative Effect ◽  
Male Wistar Rats ◽  
Liver And Kidney ◽  
Serum Biochemical

Abstract Taraxacum syriacum (TS) with natural antioxidant and pharmacological activities may be considered for treatment of oxidative stress induced by acetaminophen (APAP). The aim of this study was to evaluate the ameliorative effects of the ethanol extract of TS root against hepatorenal toxicity induced by APAP in comparison to N-acetylcysteine (NAC) as a standard drug. Thirty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups. Control group; APAP (1 g/kg) group; APAP–NAC (160 mg/kg) group and APAP-TS100 and APAP-TS200 groups: APAP plus 100 and 200 mg/kg of TS extract, respectively. After 7 days treatment, serum and liver and kidney tissues were prepared and evaluated. TS extract ameliorated the increased lipid peroxidation level and decreased antioxidant enzymes activities and glutathione level in liver and kidney of APAP-treated rats. Moreover, treatment with the TS extract caused significant reduction in the histopathological damages and high levels of serum biochemical markers of hepatic and renal functions after APAP treatment. This study suggests that the extract of TS roots has dose-dependent ameliorative effect against APAP-induced oxidative damage in liver and kidney due to its free radical scavenging and antioxidant properties. The overall efficacy of the extract at 200 mg/kg dose is comparable with NAC.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of walnut (Juglans regia L.) oil-derived polyunsaturated fatty acid prevents a prooxidant status and hyperlipidemia in pregnant rats with diabetes

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bingmei Sun ◽  
Hua Yan ◽  
Chao Li ◽  
Linlin Yin ◽  
Fei Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Fatty Acid ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Gestational Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Juglans Regia ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pregnant Diabetic

Abstract Background: Gestational diabetes mellitus has a long-term effect on pregnant women. Walnut (Juglans regia L.) oil-derived polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA) possesses multifarious pharmacological activities. This study investigated the beneficial effects of walnut oil-derived PUFA on glucose metabolism, pregnancy outcomes, oxidative stress, and lipid metabolism in gestational diabetes mellitus.Methods: The GDM rat model was generated by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (40 mg/kg) on gestational day (GD) 6, GD7 and GD8. The differences between groups were estimated using one-way ANOVA followed by the Tukey’s multiple comparison test for post-hoc analysis.Results: The results indicated that PUFA could mitigate GDM in pregnant diabetic rats, as embodied by the decrease of fasting blood glucose and the increase of plasma insulin and hepatic glycogen levels. Also, PUFA could suppress oxidative stress in pregnant diabetic rats, as reflected by the decrease of malondialdehyde (MDA) content, an increase of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and gutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities. PUFA could also mitigate the abnormal changes of lipid profiles in plasma and hepatic tissue. Moreover, the relative mRNA expression of sterol regulatory element-binding transcription factor-1 (SREBP-1), stearoyl-CoA desaturase-1 (SCD-1), fatty acid synthase (FAS), and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase (ACC), was suppressed by PUFA in pregnant diabetic rats.Conclusions: These results suggested that PUFA supplementation during pregnancy is beneficial in preventing diabetic complications in pregnant rats.

scholarly journals The Potential of Lisosan G as a Possible Treatment for Glaucoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rosario Amato ◽  
Maria Grazia Rossino ◽  
Maurizio Cammalleri ◽  
Anna Maria Timperio ◽  
Giuseppina Fanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Nutritional Supplement ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Blood Retinal Barrier ◽  
Neuroprotective Effects ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Temporal Profiles ◽  
Retinal Pathologies

Lisosan G (LG), a fermented powder obtained from whole grains, is a nutritional supplement containing a variety of metabolites with documented antioxidant properties. We have recently demonstrated that orally administered LG protects diabetic rodent retinas from oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, blood-retinal barrier disruption, and functional damage. Here, we investigated whether LG may exert protective effects in a model of glaucoma and measured the amounts of selected LG components that reach the retina after oral LG administration. Six-month-old DBA/2J mice were given an aqueous LG solution in place of drinking water for 2 mo. During the 2 mo of treatment with LG, the intraocular pressure (IOP) was monitored and the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) functional activity was recorded with pattern-electroretinography (PERG). At the end of the 2-mo period, the expression of oxidative stress and inflammatory markers was measured with qPCR, and RGC survival or macroglial activation were assessed with immunofluorescence. Alternatively, LG was administered by gavage and the concentrations of four of the main LG components (nicotinamide, gallic acid, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, and quercetin) were measured in the retinas in the following 24 h using mass spectrometry. LG treatment in DBA/2J mice did not influence IOP, but it affected RGC function since PERG amplitude was increased and PERG latency was decreased with respect to untreated DBA/2J mice. This improvement of RGC function was concomitant with a significant decrease of both oxidative stress and inflammation marker expression, of RGC loss, and of macroglial activation. All four LG metabolites were found in the retina, although with different proportions with respect to the amount in the dose of administered LG, and with different temporal profiles in the 24 h following administration. These findings are consistent with neuroenhancing and neuroprotective effects of LG in glaucoma that are likely to derive from its powerful antioxidant properties. The co-occurrence of different metabolites in LG may provide an added value to their beneficial effects and indicate LG as a basis for the potential treatment of a variety of retinal pathologies.

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