Grape seed and skin extract mitigates garlic-induced oxidative stress in rat liver

2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (5) ◽  
pp. 547-556 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sonia Hamlaoui-Gasmi ◽  
Meherzia Mokni ◽  
Nadia Limam ◽  
Prudence N’guessan ◽  
Alice Carrier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Free Iron ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Garlic is a commonly used spice in folk medicine that can exert adverse health effects when given at a high dose. Grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) exhibits a variety of beneficial effects even at a high dose. In the present study we evaluated the toxicity of high-dose garlic treatment on liver and the protective effect of GSSE. Rats were intraperitoneally administered either with garlic extract (5 g·(kg body weight)–1) or GSSE (500 mg·(kg body weight)–1) or a combination of garlic and GSSE at the same doses daily for 1 month. Plasma and hepatic levels of cholesterol, triacylglycerol, and transaminases and liver antioxidant status were evaluated. Data showed that a high garlic dose induced liver toxicity and a pro-oxidative status characterized by increased malondialdehyde and decreased antioxidant enzyme activities as catalase, peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase. Garlic increased intracellular H2O2but decreased free iron and Ca2+. GSSE alone or in co-treatment with garlic had the reverse effect and counteracted almost all garlic-induced deleterious impacts to near control levels. In conclusion, a high garlic dose induced a pro-oxidative state characterized by the Fenton reaction between H2O2and free iron, inducing Ca2+depletion, while GSSE exerted antioxidant properties and Ca2+repletion.

scholarly journals Grape Seed and Skin Extract Mitigates High Dosage Garlic-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Heart

2014 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 2341-2350
Author(s):  
Nadia Limam ◽  
Lamjed Marzouki ◽  
Mohamed Amri
Keyword(s):  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Control Level ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Free Iron ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Adverse Health Effects ◽  
Carbonyl Protein

Garlic is a commonly used spice in folk medicine which could exert adverse health effects when given at high dose. Grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) exhibits a variety of beneficial effects even at high dose. In the present study we evaluated the toxicity of high garlic dose treatment on heart and the protective effect of GSSE. Rats were intraperitoneally (IP) administered either with garlic extract (5 g/kg bw) or GSSE (500 mg/kg bw) or a combination of garlic and GSSE at the same doses daily for one month. Data showed that high garlic dose induced heart toxicity and a pro-oxidative status characterized by increased MDA, NO, carbonyl protein, LDH, H2O2, free iron, and calcium. Unexpectedly garlic increased catalase and peroxidase but had no effect on superoxide dismutase. GSSE alone or in co-treatment with garlic had an opposite role and counteracted almost all garlic-induced deleterious effects to near control level. In conclusion, high garlic dose induced a pro-oxidative state into heart via the Fenton reaction between H2O2 and free iron, and GSSE exerted antioxidant properties.

Supplementation of grape seed and skin extract to orlistat therapy prevents high-fat diet-induced murine spleen lipotoxicity

2018 ◽  
Vol 43 (8) ◽  
pp. 782-794 ◽  
Author(s):  
Takwa Bedhiafi ◽  
Kamel Charradi ◽  
Mouna Ben Azaiz ◽  
Mohamed Mahmoudi ◽  
Issam Msakni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Lymphoid Organ ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha

Spleen is the largest lymphoid organ and obesity is related to an elevated risk of immunity dysfunction. The mechanism whereby fat adversely affects the spleen is poorly understood. This study was designed to assess the effectiveness of grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) and orlistat (Xenical, Xe) on high-fat diet (HFD)-induced spleen lipotoxicity. Obese rats were treated either with GSSE (4 g/kg body weight) or Xe (2 mg/kg body weight) or GSSE+Xe and monitored for weight loss for 3 months. Animals were then sacrificed and their spleen used for the evaluation of lipotoxicity-induced oxidative stress and inflammation as well as the putative protection afforded by GSSE and Xe treatment. HFD induced body weight gain and glycogen accumulation into the spleen; ectopic deposition of cholesterol and triglycerides and an oxidative stress characterized by increased lipoperoxidation and carbonylation; inhibition of antioxidant enzyme activities, such as catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and superoxide dismutase; depletion of zinc and copper; and a concomitant increase in calcium. HFD also increased plasma pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-6, IL-17A, tumour necrosis factor alpha, and C-reactive protein, and decreased plasma IL-10 and adiponectin. Importantly, GSSE counteracted all the deleterious effects of HFD on spleen (i.e., lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation) and the best protection was obtained when combining Xe+GSSE. Combining GSSE with Xe prevented against fat-induced spleen lipotoxicity, oxidative stress, and inflammation; this combination may be beneficial in other diseases related to the spleen.

Grape seed and skin extract protects against arsenic trioxide induced oxidative stress in rat heart

2016 ◽  
Vol 94 (2) ◽  
pp. 168-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ichraf Sfaxi ◽  
Kamel Charradi ◽  
Ferid Limam ◽  
Michèle Veronique El May ◽  
Ezzedine Aouani
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Arsenic Trioxide ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Promyelocytic Leukemia ◽  
Anthropogenic Sources ◽  
Skin Extract ◽  
Calpain Activity ◽  
Intracellular Mediators ◽  
Myocardial Architecture

Arsenic is a metalloid found in water, soil, and air from natural and anthropogenic sources, and is commonly found in inorganic as well as organic forms. The clinical use of arsenic trioxide (As2O3) in the treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is limited by its cardiotoxic side effects. Grape seed and skin extract (GSSE) is a polyphenolic mixture with antioxidant properties. This study aimed to evaluate the protective effect of GSSE on arsenic-induced cardiac oxidative stress and injury. Animals exposed to 2.5 mg/kg As2O3 for 21 days exhibited a relevant increase in heart lipoperoxidation, protein carbonylation, and inflammation, as well as a drop in the activity of antioxidant enzymes such as catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). In addition, As2O3 disturbed heart lipidemia and lipase activity, transition metals distribution and the associated enzymes, intracellular mediators such as calcium and the associated calpain activity, as well as myocardial architecture. Treatment with 4 g/kg GSSE protected against most of the deleterious effects provoked by As2O3. Our data suggest that GSSE has the potential to protect against As2O3-induced cardiotoxicity.

scholarly journals Bioactives in spices, and spice oleoresins: Phytochemicals and their beneficial effects in food preservation and health promotion

2018 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
pp. 8-75 ◽  
Author(s):  
Feriedoon Shahidi ◽  
Abul Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Health Promotion ◽  
Disease Risk ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Black Pepper ◽  
Food Preservation ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Anti Cancer ◽  
Ancient Times ◽  
Microbial Toxins

Spices have broadly been used as food flavoring and folk medicine since ancient times. Numerous phytochemicals have been identified in spices, namely thymol (ajowan and thyme), anethole (aniseed), piperine (black pepper), capsaicin (capsicum), cinnamaldehyde (cinnamon), eugenol (clove), linalool (coriander), sabinene (curry leaf), limonene (dill seed), estragole (fennel seed), allicin (garlic), gingerol (ginger), safranal (saffron), and curcumin (turmeric), among others. The antioxidants in spices are very effective and also render anti-mutagenic, cardioprotective, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer properties. Apart from their antioxidant efficacy, spices, particularly their essential oils possess strong antimicrobial activity against bacteria, fungi, yeasts, and microbial toxins synthesis. In this contribution, a summary of the most relevant and recent findings on phytochemical composition and antioxidant properties of spices has been compiled and discussed. The content of phenolic acids, flavonoids, tannins, glycosides, steroids, and terpenoids in different spices are summarized. In addition, the beneficial effects of spices in food preservation and in health promotion and disease risk reduction are briefly described.

Beneficial effects of carnosine and carnosine plus vitamin E treatments on doxorubicin-induced oxidative stress and cardiac, hepatic, and renal toxicity in rats

2015 ◽  
Vol 35 (6) ◽  
pp. 635-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
A Kumral ◽  
M Giriş ◽  
M Soluk-Tekkeşin ◽  
V Olgaç ◽  
S Doğru-Abbasoğlu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Troponin I ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Lipid Peroxide ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Diene Conjugate ◽  
Beneficial Effects

Objective: Oxidative stress plays an important role in doxorubicin (DOX)-induced toxicity. Carnosine (CAR) is a dipeptide with antioxidant properties. The aim of this study was to evaluate the decreasing or preventive effect of CAR alone or combination with vitamin E (CAR + Vit E) on DOX-induced toxicity in heart, liver, and brain of rats. Methods: Rats were treated with CAR (250 mg kg−1 day−1; intraperitoneally (i.p.)) or CAR + Vit E (equals 200 mg kg−1 α-tocopherol; once every 3 days; intramuscularly) for 12 consecutive days. On the 8th day of treatment, rats were injected with a single dose of DOX (30 mg kg−1, i.p.). Serum cardiac troponin I (cTnI), urea, and creatinine levels; alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities; and oxidative stress parameters in tissues were measured. We also determined thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, diene conjugate, protein carbonyl (PC), and glutathione levels and antioxidant enzyme activities. Results: DOX resulted in increased serum cTnI, ALT, AST, urea, and creatinine levels and increased lipid peroxide and PC levels in tissues. CAR or CAR + Vit E treatments led to decreases in serum cTnI levels and ALT and AST activities. These treatments reduced prooxidant status and ameloriated histopathologic findings in the examined tissues. Conclusion: Our results may indicate that CAR alone, especially in combination with Vit E, protect against DOX-induced toxicity in heart, liver, and kidney tissues of rats. This was evidenced by improved cardiac, hepatic, and renal markers and restoration of the prooxidant state and amelioration of histopathologic changes.

scholarly journals Diethanolamine-Induced Hepatic Steatosis in Mice and Its Amelioration by Curcumin

2019 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 110-127
Author(s):  
Hetal I. Doctor ◽  
Sanman K. Samova ◽  
Ramtej J. Verma
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Hepatic Steatosis ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Body Weight Loss ◽  
Liver Weight ◽  
Histological Structure ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Health Issues ◽  
Toxicological Evaluation ◽  
Dose Dependent Increase

Abstract Extensive use of chemicals in personal care products has led to many health issues. Diethanolamine is one of such harmful chemicals containing two highly functional groups alcohol and amine that requires toxicological evaluation and its mitigation. Swiss strain albino mice were used and divided into different control and treated groups. Different doses of DEA (110, 165 and 330 mg/kg body weight/day) were orally administered for 30 days. Biochemical and histopathological assessments were performed at the end of the treatment. Results collectively revealed body weight loss as well as significant increase in absolute and relative liver weight in DEA-treated groups. Biochemical analysis revealed that DEA treatment further promotes significant (P<0.05), dose-dependent increase in lipid and cholesterol contents and also cause decrease in protein and glycogen content. Histopathological assessment confirms vacuole formation due to accumulation of lipid within the liver tissue. Administration of curcumin (10, 20 and 30 mg/kg body weight/day) along with high dose of DEA (330 mg/kg body weight/day) showed improved values of lipid, cholesterol, protein and glycogen contents. It also helped retaining normal histological structure of liver. Observations in all groups and results indicate DEA-treatment causes hepatic steatosis and treatment of curcumin attenuated effect of DEA that is due to its potential antioxidant properties.

scholarly journals HEPATOPROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF L-CITRULLINE AGAINST DOXORUBICIN-INDUCED LIVER DAMAGE IN RATS: AN ANALYSIS OF SERUM BIOMARKERS

2019 ◽  
pp. 230-233 ◽  
Author(s):  
KELVIN THEANDRO GOTAMA ◽  
VIVIAN SOETIKNO ◽  
MELVA LOUISA ◽  
WAWAIMULI AROZAL
Keyword(s):  
Liver Toxicity ◽  
Antineoplastic Agent ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Serum Biomarkers ◽  
The Body ◽  
Atp Depletion ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Gamma Glutamyl Transferase ◽  
Glutamyl Transferase

Objective: The antineoplastic agent doxorubicin (DOX) is known for causing liver toxicity. Its metabolism in hepatocytes causes oxidative stress, which,in turn, induces DNA damage, lipid peroxidation, ATP depletion, and apoptosis. L-citrulline (CIT), a commonly found agent in fruits like watermelon,has piqued interest due to its antioxidant properties. In the body, CIT is converted to nitric oxide, which has been shown to mitigate hepatic injuryby scavenging free radicals, improving hepatic sinusoidal microcirculation, and inhibiting neutrophilic infiltration. This study aims to investigate CITability to prevent DOX-induced hepatotoxicity.Methods: A total of 20 Wistar rats were randomized to receive either DOX (10 mg/kg BW) or NaCl 0.9%. DOX-intoxicated group was further randomizedto either received low-dose CIT (300 mg/kg BW), high-dose CIT (600 mg/kg BW), or aquadest. CIT was given orally for 6 days and DOX throughintraperitoneal injection on days 4 and 5. Serum was obtained and hepatotoxicity was assessed with serum levels of aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT). Statistical analysis was done with one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s test.Results: Serum ALT, AST, and GGT were increased significantly compared to that of normal group. CIT administration in both the doses could decreasethe serum levels of ALT and AST significantly compared to that of DOX group. In this study, CIT in both the doses could reduce the serum levels of GGTcompared to that of DOX group though not statistically significant.Conclusions: This study suggests that CIT exerts hepatoprotective effect, as evident by the attenuation of serum biomarkers.

scholarly journals Dietary Polyphenols in Cancer Chemoprevention: Implications in Pancreatic Cancer

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 651
Author(s):  
Anita Thyagarajan ◽  
Andrew S. Forino ◽  
Raymond L. Konger ◽  
Ravi P. Sahu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Pancreatic Cancer ◽  
Drug Targets ◽  
Folk Medicine ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Cancer Chemoprevention ◽  
Chemotherapeutic Agents ◽  
Dietary Polyphenols ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Stress Levels

Naturally occurring dietary agents present in a wide variety of plant products, are rich sources of phytochemicals possessing medicinal properties, and thus, have been used in folk medicine for ages to treat various ailments. The beneficial effects of such dietary components are frequently attributed to their anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, particularly in regards to their antineoplastic activities. As many tumor types exhibit greater oxidative stress levels that are implicated in favoring autonomous cell growth activation, most chemotherapeutic agents can also enhance tumoral oxidative stress levels in part via generating reactive oxygen species (ROS). While ROS-mediated imbalance of the cellular redox potential can provide novel drug targets, as a consequence, this ROS-mediated excessive damage to cellular functions, including oncogenic mutagenesis, has also been implicated in inducing chemoresistance. This remains one of the major challenges in the treatment and management of human malignancies. Antioxidant-enriched natural compounds offer one of the promising approaches in mitigating some of the underlying mechanisms involved in tumorigenesis and metastasis, and therefore, have been extensively explored in cancer chemoprevention. Among various groups of dietary phytochemicals, polyphenols have been extensively explored for their underlying chemopreventive mechanisms in other cancer models. Thus, the current review highlights the significance and mechanisms of some of the highly studied polyphenolic compounds, with greater emphasis on pancreatic cancer chemoprevention.

Abstract P638: Muscadine Grape Seed Extract Improves Glucose Handling in Female but not Male Hypertensive (mRen2)27 Rats

Hypertension ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 68 (suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
A’ja V Duncan ◽  
Ellen N Tommasi ◽  
Patricia E Gallagher ◽  
E. A Tallant ◽  
Mark C Chappell ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Serum Insulin ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Area Under The Curve ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Grape Seed ◽  
Treated Group ◽  
Glucose Response ◽  
Muscadine Grape

Muscadine grapes ( Vitis rotundifolia ) are enriched in polyphenols and other flavan-3-ols that may potentially convey cardiovascular benefit through the antioxidant properties of these compounds. In the current study, we established the effects of a muscadine grape extract (MGE, Piedmont Research and Development Corp.) on blood pressure and metabolic function in 20 week-old female and male hemizygous (mRen2)27 transgenic rats, an Ang II-AT 1 R-dependent model of hypertension. Littermates were treated with MGE (0.2 mg/mL) in the drinking water for 6 weeks (n = 7; male and n=5; female); controls were given water only (n = 7; male and n = 6; female). Intraperitoneal glucose tolerance test (IPGTT) assessed glucose metabolism and serum levels of glucose and insulin were also determined. There were no significant differences between the control and MGE-treated groups for either sex in systolic blood pressure (males: 168 ± 5 vs. 179 ± 4 mmHg; females: 183 ± 5 vs. 162 ± 11 mmHg) or body weight (males: 513 ± 12 vs. 508 ± 22 g; females: 297 ± 4 vs. 294 ± 89 g). The glucose response (area under the curve - AUC) in the female MGE-treated group was markedly lower compared to the untreated controls; however, MGE elicited no effect on the glucose AUC in males (see figure). Although MGE did not influence serum insulin AUC in males or females, the MGE-treated females exhibited a trend for a lower glucose-insulin index. We conclude that MGE intake improves glucose utilization in adult female hypertensive rats independent of changes in blood pressure or body weight. The mechanism(s) underlying the differential response to MGE between the female and male (mRen2)27 transgenic remain to be established

scholarly journals Palmitoylethanolamide: Prenatal Developmental Toxicity Study in Rats

2021 ◽  
pp. 109158182098607
Author(s):  
Narendra S. Deshmukh ◽  
Shailesh Gumaste ◽  
Silma Subah ◽  
Nathasha Omal Bogoda
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Developmental Toxicity ◽  
Reproductive Toxicity ◽  
Toxicity Study ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Pregnant Rats ◽  
Human Dose ◽  
Adverse Effect Level ◽  
Female Wistar Rats ◽  
Effect Level

Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is an endogenous ethanolamine playing a protective and homeodynamic role in animals and plants. Prenatal developmental toxicity of PEA was tested following oral administration to pregnant female Wistar rats, from days 0 to 19 of gestation, at dosage of 250, 500, or 1,000 mg/kg body weight, according to Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development Test Guideline No. 414. On gestation day 20, cesarean sections were performed on the dams, followed by examination of their ovaries and uterine contents. The fetuses were further examined for external, visceral, and skeletal abnormalities. Palmitoylethanolamide did not cause any alterations at any of the given dosages in the measured maternal parameters of systemic toxicity (body weight, food consumption, survival, thyroid functions, organ weight, histopathology), reproductive toxicity (preimplantation and postimplantation losses, uterus weight, number of live/dead implants and early/late resorptions, litter size and weights, number of fetuses, their sex ratio), and fetal external, visceral, or skeletal observations. Any alterations that were recorded were “normal variations” or “minor anomalies,” which were unrelated to treatment with PEA. Under the condition of this prenatal study, the no-observed-adverse-effect level of PEA for maternal toxicity, embryotoxicity, fetotoxicity, and teratogenicity in rats was found to be >1,000 mg/kg body weight/d. It indicates that PEA is well tolerated by and is safe to pregnant rats even at a high dose of 1,000 mg/kg body weight/d, equivalent to a human dose of greater than 9.7 g/d. This prenatal developmental toxicity study contributes greatly in building a robust safety profile for PEA.

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