scholarly journals Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Health and Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Habtemariam
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Living Organisms

In diverse living organisms, signaling within the cell, chemical communication between cells or simply the fate of cells to survive or die is largely dependent on the intricate balance of control mechanisms related to reactive oxygen species (ROS)[...]

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species: Beyond Their Reactive Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Arnaud Tauffenberger ◽  
Pierre J. Magistretti
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction ◽  
The Brain

AbstractCellular homeostasis plays a critical role in how an organism will develop and age. Disruption of this fragile equilibrium is often associated with health degradation and ultimately, death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been closely associated with health decline and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease. ROS were first identified as by-products of the cellular activity, mainly mitochondrial respiration, and their high reactivity is linked to a disruption of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and DNA. More recent research suggests more complex function of ROS, reaching far beyond the cellular dysfunction. ROS are active actors in most of the signaling cascades involved in cell development, proliferation and survival, constituting important second messengers. In the brain, their impact on neurons and astrocytes has been associated with synaptic plasticity and neuron survival. This review provides an overview of ROS function in cell signaling in the context of aging and degeneration in the brain and guarding the fragile balance between health and disease.

scholarly journals Upconversion-based nanosystems for fluorescence sensing of pH and H2O2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunning Sun ◽  
Michael Gradzielski
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Excitation Energy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Fluorescence Sensing ◽  
Living Organisms

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a key reactive oxygen species, plays an important role in living organisms, industrial and environmental fields. Here, a non-contact upconversion nanosystem based on the excitation energy attenuation...

Exploring the Potentials of Antioxidants in Retarding Ageing

2017 ◽  
pp. 166-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minu Kesheri ◽  
Swarna Kanchan ◽  
Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Living Organisms

In retrospect to the rise in the occurrence of ageing related disorders and the everlasting desire to overcome ageing, exploring the causes, mechanisms and therapies to curb ageing becomes relevant. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are commonly generated during normal growth and development. However abiotic and biotic stresses enhance the level of ROS which in turn pose the threat of oxidative stress. Ability to perceive ROS and to speedily commence antioxidant defenses is crucial for the survival as well as longevity of living cells. Therefore living organisms are bestowed with antioxidants to combat the damages caused by oxidative stress. This chapter aims to elucidate an overview of the process of ageing, generation and enhancement of reactive oxygen species, damages incurred by oxidative stress, its amelioration strategies, therapeutic and biotechnological potentials of antioxidants and various sources of bioactive compounds significant in retardation of aging process.

scholarly journals Molecules released by helminth parasites involved in host colonization.

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta M Dzik
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Immune Attack ◽  
Living Organisms

Parasites are designed by evolution to invade the host and survive in its organism until they are ready to reproduce. Parasites release a variety of molecules that help them to penetrate the defensive barriers and avoid the immune attack of the host. In this respect, particularly interesting are enzymes and their inhibitors secreted by the parasites. Serine-, aspartic-, cysteine-, and metalloproteinases are involved in tissue invasion and extracellular protein digestion. Helminths secrete inhibitors of these enzymes (serpins, aspins, and cystatins) to inhibit proteinases, both of the host and their own. Proteinases and their inhibitors, as well as helminth homologues of cytokines and molecules containing phosphorylcholine, influence the immune response of the host biasing it towards the anti-inflammatory Th2 type. Nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes and cholinesterase are secreted by worms to reduce inflammation and expel the parasites from the gastrointestinal tract. An intracellular metazoan parasite, Trichinella spiralis, secretes, among others, protein kinases and phosphatases, endonucleases, and DNA-binding proteins, which are all thought to interfere with the host cellular signals for muscle cell differentiation. Secretion of antioxidant enzymes is believed to protect the parasite from reactive oxygen species which arise from the infection-stimulated host phagocytes. Aside from superoxide dismutase, catalase (rarely found in helminths), and glutathione peroxidase (selenium-independent, thus having a poor activity with H(2)O(2)), peroxiredoxins are probably the major H(2)O(2)-detoxifying enzymes in helminths. Secretion of antioxidant enzymes is stage-specific and there are examples of regulation of their expression by the concentration of reactive oxygen species surrounding the parasite. The majority of parasite-secreted molecules are commonly found in free-living organisms, thus parasites have only adapted them to use in their way of life.

Functionalized Gold Nanoclusters Identify Highly Reactive Oxygen Species in Living Organisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1702026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangzhouyun Xie ◽  
Yunlei Xianyu ◽  
Nuoxin Wang ◽  
Zhaoyang Yan ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Gold Nanoclusters ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Living Organisms

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species in Health and Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assim A. Alfadda ◽  
Reem M. Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Cellular Organelles

During the past decades, it became obvious that reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert a multitude of biological effects covering a wide spectrum that ranges from physiological regulatory functions to damaging alterations participating in the pathogenesis of increasing number of diseases. This review summarizes the key roles played by the ROS in both health and disease. ROS are metabolic products arising from various cells; two cellular organelles are intimately involved in their production and metabolism, namely, the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. Updates on research that tremendously aided in confirming the fundamental roles of both organelles in redox regulation will be discussed as well. Although not comprehensive, this review will provide brief perspective on some of the current research conducted in this area for better understanding of the ROS actions in various conditions of health and disease.

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