scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species in Health and Disease

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Assim A. Alfadda ◽  
Reem M. Sallam
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Products ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Regulatory Functions ◽  
Cellular Organelles

During the past decades, it became obvious that reactive oxygen species (ROS) exert a multitude of biological effects covering a wide spectrum that ranges from physiological regulatory functions to damaging alterations participating in the pathogenesis of increasing number of diseases. This review summarizes the key roles played by the ROS in both health and disease. ROS are metabolic products arising from various cells; two cellular organelles are intimately involved in their production and metabolism, namely, the endoplasmic reticulum and the mitochondria. Updates on research that tremendously aided in confirming the fundamental roles of both organelles in redox regulation will be discussed as well. Although not comprehensive, this review will provide brief perspective on some of the current research conducted in this area for better understanding of the ROS actions in various conditions of health and disease.

Small-Molecule-Based Fluorescent Sensors for Selective Detection of Reactive Oxygen Species in Biological Systems

2019 ◽  
Vol 88 (1) ◽  
pp. 605-633 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Bai ◽  
Kenneth King-Hei Ng ◽  
Jun Jacob Hu ◽  
Sen Ye ◽  
Dan Yang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Small Molecule ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Biological Systems ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Fluorescent Sensors ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Health And Disease

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) encompass a collection of intricately linked chemical entities characterized by individually distinct physicochemical properties and biological reactivities. Although excessive ROS generation is well known to underpin disease development, it has become increasingly evident that ROS also play central roles in redox regulation and normal physiology. A major challenge in uncovering the relevant biological mechanisms and deconvoluting the apparently paradoxical roles of distinct ROS in human health and disease lies in the selective and sensitive detection of these transient species in the complex biological milieu. Small-molecule-based fluorescent sensors enable molecular imaging of ROS with great spatial and temporal resolution and have thus been appreciated as excellent tools for aiding discoveries in modern redox biology. We review a selection of state-of-the-art sensors with demonstrated utility in biological systems. By providing a systematic overview based on underlying chemical sensing mechanisms, we wish to highlight the strengths and weaknesses in prior sensor works and propose some guiding principles for the development of future probes.

scholarly journals Reactive Oxygen Species: Beyond Their Reactive Behavior

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (1) ◽  
pp. 77-87
Author(s):  
Arnaud Tauffenberger ◽  
Pierre J. Magistretti
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Second Messengers ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Complex Function ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Reactivity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Cellular Dysfunction ◽  
The Brain

AbstractCellular homeostasis plays a critical role in how an organism will develop and age. Disruption of this fragile equilibrium is often associated with health degradation and ultimately, death. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been closely associated with health decline and neurological disorders, such as Alzheimer’s disease or Parkinson’s disease. ROS were first identified as by-products of the cellular activity, mainly mitochondrial respiration, and their high reactivity is linked to a disruption of macromolecules such as proteins, lipids and DNA. More recent research suggests more complex function of ROS, reaching far beyond the cellular dysfunction. ROS are active actors in most of the signaling cascades involved in cell development, proliferation and survival, constituting important second messengers. In the brain, their impact on neurons and astrocytes has been associated with synaptic plasticity and neuron survival. This review provides an overview of ROS function in cell signaling in the context of aging and degeneration in the brain and guarding the fragile balance between health and disease.

scholarly journals Redox-regulation of Erk1/2-directed phosphatase by reactive oxygen species: Role in signaling TPA-induced growth arrest in ML-1 cells

2008 ◽  
Vol 216 (1) ◽  
pp. 276-285 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kassim Traore ◽  
Rajni Sharma ◽  
Rajesh K. Thimmulappa ◽  
Walter H. Watson ◽  
Shyam Biswal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Growth Arrest ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Cell type-specific differences in redox regulation and proliferation after low UVA doses

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sylwia Ciesielska ◽  
Patryk Bil ◽  
Karolina Gajda ◽  
Aleksandra Poterala-Hejmo ◽  
Dorota Hudy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Cellular Proliferation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Type ◽  
Redox Systems ◽  
Human Colon Cancer ◽  
Cellular Redox ◽  
Hct116 Cells

AbstractUltraviolet A (UVA) radiation is harmful for living organisms but in low doses may stimulate cell proliferation. Our aim was to examine the relationships between exposure to different low UVA doses, cellular proliferation, and changes in cellular reactive oxygen species levels. In human colon cancer (HCT116) and melanoma (Me45) cells exposed to UVA doses comparable to environmental, the highest doses (30-50 kJ/m2) reduced clonogenic potential but some lower doses (1 and 10 kJ/m2) induced proliferation. This effect was cell type and dose specific. In both cell lines the levels of reactive oxygen species and nitric oxide fluctuated with dynamics which were influenced differently by UVA; in Me45 cells decreased proliferation accompanied the changes in the dynamics of H2O2 while in HCT116 cells those of superoxide. Genes coding for proteins engaged in redox systems were expressed differently in each cell line; transcripts for thioredoxin, peroxiredoxin and glutathione peroxidase showed higher expression in HCT116 cells whereas those for glutathione transferases and copper chaperone were more abundant in Me45 cells. We conclude that these two cell types utilize different pathways for regulating their redox status. Many mechanisms engaged in maintaining cellular redox balance have been described. Here we show that the different cellular responses to a stimulus such as a specific dose of UVA may be consequences of the use of different redox control pathways. Assays of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide level changes after exposure to UVA may clarify mechanisms of cellular redox regulation and help in understanding responses to stressing factors.

scholarly journals Reactive oxygen species oxidize STING and suppress interferon production

eLife ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lili Tao ◽  
Andrew Lemoff ◽  
Guoxun Wang ◽  
Christina Zarek ◽  
Alexandria Lowe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Interferon Response ◽  
Cellular Respiration ◽  
Type I ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Interferon Production ◽  
Dna Sensing ◽  
Cytoplasmic Dna

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are by-products of cellular respiration that can promote oxidative stress and damage cellular proteins and lipids. One canonical role of ROS is to defend the cell against invading bacterial and viral pathogens. Curiously, some viruses, including herpesviruses, thrive despite the induction of ROS, suggesting that ROS are beneficial for the virus. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we found that ROS impaired interferon response during murine herpesvirus infection and that the inhibition occurred downstream of cytoplasmic DNA sensing. We further demonstrated that ROS suppressed the type I interferon response by oxidizing Cysteine 147 on murine stimulator of interferon genes (STING), an ER-associated protein that mediates interferon response after cytoplasmic DNA sensing. This inhibited STING polymerization and activation of downstream signaling events. These data indicate that redox regulation of Cysteine 147 of mouse STING, which is equivalent to Cysteine 148 of human STING, controls interferon production. Together, our findings reveal that ROS orchestrates anti-viral immune responses, which can be exploited by viruses to evade cellular defenses.

scholarly journals Redox Regulation and Oxidative Stress: The Particular Case of the Stallion Spermatozoa

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fernando J. Peña ◽  
Cristian O’Flaherty ◽  
José M. Ortiz Rodríguez ◽  
Francisco E. Martín Cano ◽  
Gemma L. Gaitskell-Phillips ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Mitochondrial Activity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Biology ◽  
Major Interest ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Redox regulation and oxidative stress have become areas of major interest in spermatology. Alteration of redox homeostasis is recognized as a significant cause of male factor infertility and is behind the damage that spermatozoa experience after freezing and thawing or conservation in a liquid state. While for a long time, oxidative stress was just considered an overproduction of reactive oxygen species, nowadays it is considered as a consequence of redox deregulation. Many essential aspects of spermatozoa functionality are redox regulated, with reversible oxidation of thiols in cysteine residues of key proteins acting as an “on–off” switch controlling sperm function. However, if deregulation occurs, these residues may experience irreversible oxidation and oxidative stress, leading to malfunction and ultimately death of the spermatozoa. Stallion spermatozoa are “professional producers” of reactive oxygen species due to their intense mitochondrial activity, and thus sophisticated systems to control redox homeostasis are also characteristic of the spermatozoa in the horse. As a result, and combined with the fact that embryos can easily be collected in this species, horses are a good model for the study of redox biology in the spermatozoa and its impact on the embryo.

scholarly journals Reactive oxygen species and redox regulation in mesophyll and bundle sheath cells of C4 plants

2018 ◽  
Vol 69 (14) ◽  
pp. 3321-3331 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ismail Turkan ◽  
Baris Uzilday ◽  
Karl-Josef Dietz ◽  
Andrea Bräutigam ◽  
Rengin Ozgur
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Redox Regulation ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Bundle Sheath ◽  
C4 Plants ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Bundle Sheath Cells ◽  
Sheath Cells

scholarly journals Interaction of Oxidative Stress and Misfolded Proteins in the Mechanism of Neurodegeneration

Life ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 101 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrey Y. Abramov ◽  
Elena V. Potapova ◽  
Viktor V. Dremin ◽  
Andrey V. Dunaev
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Free Radicals ◽  
Neurodegenerative Disorders ◽  
Structural Changes ◽  
Wide Spectrum ◽  
Physiological Role ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Misfolded Proteins ◽  
Oxygen Species

Aggregation of the misfolded proteins β-amyloid, tau, huntingtin, and α-synuclein is one of the most important steps in the pathology underlying a wide spectrum of neurodegenerative disorders, including the two most common ones—Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Activity and toxicity of these proteins depends on the stage and form of aggregates. Excessive production of free radicals, including reactive oxygen species which lead to oxidative stress, is proven to be involved in the mechanism of pathology in most of neurodegenerative disorders. Both reactive oxygen species and misfolded proteins play a physiological role in the brain, and only deregulation in redox state and aggregation of the proteins leads to pathology. Here, we review the role of misfolded proteins in the activation of ROS production from various sources in neurons and glia. We discuss if free radicals can influence structural changes of the key toxic intermediates and describe the putative mechanisms by which oxidative stress and oligomers may cause neuronal death.

Antioxidant Activity and Toxicity of Fullerenols with Different Number of Hydroxyl Substituents

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ekaterina Kovel ◽  
Anna Sachkova ◽  
Natalia Vnukova ◽  
Grigoriy Churilov ◽  
Elena Knyazeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Biological Effects ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Allotropic Form ◽  
Oxygen Groups ◽  
Pharmaceutical Agents ◽  
Derivatives Of

Fullerenols are nanosized water-soluble polyhydroxylated derivatives of fullerenes, specific allotropic form of carbon, bioactive compounds and perspective pharmaceutical agents. We studied biological effects of a series of fullerenols. Antioxidant activity and toxicity of the fullerenols were compared using bioluminescence assays (cellular and enzymatic); a content of Reactive Oxygen Species in fullerenol solutions was determined using chemiluminescence luminol method. Two groups of fullerenols with different number of hydroxyl substituents were under investigation: (I) С60Оy(OH)x, С60,70Оy(OH)x, where х+у=24–28 and (II) С60,70Оy(OH)x, Fe0,5С60Оy(OH)x, where х+у=40–42. Toxicity of the fullerenols was evaluated using effective concentrations ЕС50. Fullerenol’ antioxidant activity was investigated in model solutions of organic toxicant of oxidative type, 1,4-benzoquinone. Detoxification coefficients were calculated to analyze and compare the antioxidant activity. Higher toxicity and lower antioxidant activity were demonstrated in the solutions of fullerenols with higher number of the oxygen substituents (х+у=40–42). The differences were concerned with fullerenol’ ability to disturb Reactive Oxygen Species balance in aqueous solutions. Toxic effect of the prospective endohedral metal-fullerenol with gadolinium atom involved, Gd@C82Oy(OH)x, where х+у=40–42, was evaluated and explained by a high number of oxygen groups

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