Functionalized Gold Nanoclusters Identify Highly Reactive Oxygen Species in Living Organisms

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (14) ◽  
pp. 1702026 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yangzhouyun Xie ◽  
Yunlei Xianyu ◽  
Nuoxin Wang ◽  
Zhaoyang Yan ◽  
Yong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Gold Nanoclusters ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Living Organisms

scholarly journals Upconversion-based nanosystems for fluorescence sensing of pH and H2O2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chunning Sun ◽  
Michael Gradzielski
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Excitation Energy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Fluorescence Sensing ◽  
Living Organisms

Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), a key reactive oxygen species, plays an important role in living organisms, industrial and environmental fields. Here, a non-contact upconversion nanosystem based on the excitation energy attenuation...

Exploring the Potentials of Antioxidants in Retarding Ageing

2017 ◽  
pp. 166-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Minu Kesheri ◽  
Swarna Kanchan ◽  
Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Living Organisms

In retrospect to the rise in the occurrence of ageing related disorders and the everlasting desire to overcome ageing, exploring the causes, mechanisms and therapies to curb ageing becomes relevant. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are commonly generated during normal growth and development. However abiotic and biotic stresses enhance the level of ROS which in turn pose the threat of oxidative stress. Ability to perceive ROS and to speedily commence antioxidant defenses is crucial for the survival as well as longevity of living cells. Therefore living organisms are bestowed with antioxidants to combat the damages caused by oxidative stress. This chapter aims to elucidate an overview of the process of ageing, generation and enhancement of reactive oxygen species, damages incurred by oxidative stress, its amelioration strategies, therapeutic and biotechnological potentials of antioxidants and various sources of bioactive compounds significant in retardation of aging process.

scholarly journals Photoluminescent Gold Nanoclusters in Cancer Cells: Cellular Uptake, Toxicity, and Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

2017 ◽  
Vol 18 (2) ◽  
pp. 378 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marija Matulionyte ◽  
Dominyka Dapkute ◽  
Laima Budenaite ◽  
Greta Jarockyte ◽  
Ricardas Rotomskis
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Cellular Uptake ◽  
Gold Nanoclusters ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species

scholarly journals Molecules released by helminth parasites involved in host colonization.

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (1) ◽  
pp. 33-64 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jolanta M Dzik
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzymes ◽  
Trichinella Spiralis ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Helminth Parasites ◽  
Way Of Life ◽  
Metabolizing Enzymes ◽  
Immune Attack ◽  
Living Organisms

Parasites are designed by evolution to invade the host and survive in its organism until they are ready to reproduce. Parasites release a variety of molecules that help them to penetrate the defensive barriers and avoid the immune attack of the host. In this respect, particularly interesting are enzymes and their inhibitors secreted by the parasites. Serine-, aspartic-, cysteine-, and metalloproteinases are involved in tissue invasion and extracellular protein digestion. Helminths secrete inhibitors of these enzymes (serpins, aspins, and cystatins) to inhibit proteinases, both of the host and their own. Proteinases and their inhibitors, as well as helminth homologues of cytokines and molecules containing phosphorylcholine, influence the immune response of the host biasing it towards the anti-inflammatory Th2 type. Nucleotide-metabolizing enzymes and cholinesterase are secreted by worms to reduce inflammation and expel the parasites from the gastrointestinal tract. An intracellular metazoan parasite, Trichinella spiralis, secretes, among others, protein kinases and phosphatases, endonucleases, and DNA-binding proteins, which are all thought to interfere with the host cellular signals for muscle cell differentiation. Secretion of antioxidant enzymes is believed to protect the parasite from reactive oxygen species which arise from the infection-stimulated host phagocytes. Aside from superoxide dismutase, catalase (rarely found in helminths), and glutathione peroxidase (selenium-independent, thus having a poor activity with H(2)O(2)), peroxiredoxins are probably the major H(2)O(2)-detoxifying enzymes in helminths. Secretion of antioxidant enzymes is stage-specific and there are examples of regulation of their expression by the concentration of reactive oxygen species surrounding the parasite. The majority of parasite-secreted molecules are commonly found in free-living organisms, thus parasites have only adapted them to use in their way of life.

scholarly journals Modulation of Reactive Oxygen Species in Health and Disease

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (11) ◽  
pp. 513 ◽  
Author(s):  
Solomon Habtemariam
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Chemical Communication ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Control Mechanisms ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Health And Disease ◽  
Living Organisms

In diverse living organisms, signaling within the cell, chemical communication between cells or simply the fate of cells to survive or die is largely dependent on the intricate balance of control mechanisms related to reactive oxygen species (ROS)[...]

scholarly journals Активные формы кислорода в водных средах (обзор)

2020 ◽  
Vol 129 (7) ◽  
pp. 923
Author(s):  
Л.В. Беловолова
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Water Systems ◽  
The State ◽  
Aquatic Environments ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Main Attention ◽  
Basic Properties ◽  
State Of Water ◽  
Living Organisms

The problems of the presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in natural aquatic environments and living organisms are considered. The basic properties of ROS are given, which provide the features of their behavior. The main attention is focused on the analysis of data on the state of water systems with a slightly increased ROS content compared to equilibrium values.

scholarly journals MELATONIN PROTECTS OVARY FROM DIABETES INDUCED OXIDATIVE DAMAGES IN LABORATORY MICE.

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-4
Author(s):  
Anindita Deb ◽  
Sangita Sutradhar ◽  
Shiv Shankar Singh
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Laboratory Mice ◽  
Oxidative Damages ◽  
Living Organisms ◽  
Dose Dependent

Diabetes is a combination of different metabolic disorders as a result of insulin deficiency and improper action. Improper neutralization of reactive oxygen species produced during metabolism results in oxidative stress in living organisms. Melatonin is a known antioxidant, neutralizes reactive oxygen species in living organisms. We have evaluated the effectiveness of low doses (25µg, 50µg and 100µg/100g B.wt.) of melatonin on diabetes caused oxidative damages in the ovary of mice. The induction of diabetes increased the lipid peroxidation (MDA level) and decreased the antioxidant enzyme (SOD and CAT) activity, reduced glutathione (GSH) level, Nrf2 and HO-1 reactivity in the ovary of mice. Melatonin supplementation suppressed the MDA level and increased the SOD, and CAT activity, GSH levels, Nrf2 and HO-1 reactivity in the ovary of experimental mice in a dose-dependent pattern. Therefore, the present study may suggest that melatonin ameliorates the adverse effects of diabetes by reducing the oxidative stress in the ovary of experimental mice.

Exploring the Potentials of Antioxidants in Retarding Ageing

2019 ◽  
pp. 236-259
Author(s):  
Minu Kesheri ◽  
Swarna Kanchan ◽  
Rajeshwar P. Sinha
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Growth And Development ◽  
Aging Process ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Normal Growth ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biotic Stresses ◽  
Living Organisms

In retrospect to the rise in the occurrence of ageing related disorders and the everlasting desire to overcome ageing, exploring the causes, mechanisms and therapies to curb ageing becomes relevant. Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are commonly generated during normal growth and development. However abiotic and biotic stresses enhance the level of ROS which in turn pose the threat of oxidative stress. Ability to perceive ROS and to speedily commence antioxidant defenses is crucial for the survival as well as longevity of living cells. Therefore living organisms are bestowed with antioxidants to combat the damages caused by oxidative stress. This chapter aims to elucidate an overview of the process of ageing, generation and enhancement of reactive oxygen species, damages incurred by oxidative stress, its amelioration strategies, therapeutic and biotechnological potentials of antioxidants and various sources of bioactive compounds significant in retardation of aging process.

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