scholarly journals Characterization and Antioxidant Activities of Yellow Strain Flammulina velutipes (Jinhua Mushroom) Polysaccharides and Their Effects on ROS Content in L929 Cell

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (8) ◽  
pp. 298 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yu-Ning Hu ◽  
Tzu-Jung Sung ◽  
Chun-Hsu Chou ◽  
Kai-Lun Liu ◽  
Liang-Po Hsieh ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
L929 Cell ◽  
Fluorescein Diacetate ◽  
Flammulina Velutipes ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Fractional Precipitation ◽  
Yellow Strain

Yellow strain Flammulina velutipes, which is known as Jinhua mushroom in Taiwan, has become popular among customers due to its distinct texture that is utterly different from white strain F. velutipes. However, there has been little study on the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and biological functions of yellow strain F. velutipes polysaccharides (FVYs). The specific aims of this study are to evaluate and compare the physicochemical properties, antioxidant activities, and biological functions of FVYs and white strain F. velutipes polysaccharides (FVWs) in order to select the strain appropriate for cosmetic ingredient. The FVYs and FVWs were prepared by fractional precipitation (40%, 60%, and 80%). According to the results, FVY-80 showed the greatest antioxidant activities based on 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (IC50 = 2.22 mg/mL) and 2,2’ -azino-bis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical assay (IC50 = 2.04 mg/mL). None of the fractions exhibited cytotoxicity toward L929 cell under a concentration of 500 μ g/mL. FVY-80 significantly reduced the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content in L929 cell by 55.96%, as compared with the H2O2-induced L929 cell, according to the dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) assay. In conclusion, we suggest that FVY-80 is the best source for a cosmetics ingredient.

scholarly journals How to express the antioxidant properties of substances properly?

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Małgorzata Olszowy-Tomczyk
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Antioxidant Properties ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
The Body ◽  
Universal Method ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Good Tool

AbstractOxidative stress, associated with an imbalance between the oxidants (reactive oxygen species) and the antioxidants in the body, contributes to the development of many diseases. The body’s fight against reactive oxygen species is supported by antioxidants. Nowadays, there are too many analytical methods, but there is no one universal technique for assessing antioxidant properties. Moreover, the applied different ways of expressing the results lead to their incompatibility and unreasonable interpretation. The paper is a literature review concerning the most frequent ways of antioxidant activities expression and for an easy and universal method of the obtained results discussion. This paper is an attempt to point out their disadvantages and advantages. The manuscript can support the searching interpretation of the obtained results which will be a good tool for the development of a number of fields, especially medicine what can help in the future detection and treatment of many serious diseases. Graphic abstract

scholarly journals Tuning the Toxicity of Reactive Oxygen Species into Advanced Tumor Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
An Xie ◽  
He Li ◽  
Yumei Hao ◽  
Yujia Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Death ◽  
Tumor Therapy ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Progress Report ◽  
Advanced Treatment ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Tumor Treatment ◽  
Advanced Tumor

AbstractThe biological functions and toxic effects of reactive oxygen species (ROS) are generally entangled. A large amount of ROS may cause oxidative damage to cell biomolecules, leading to cell death. Tumor treatment can be carried out by using the toxicity of ROS, and various nanosystems related to ROS have been designed. In fact, the level of active oxygen in the biological microenvironment can be regulated in advanced therapeutics via designed nanoscale engineering, which can open up a new direction of treatment with specific simplicity. In this progress report, the authors first introduced how ROS causes cell death. Then, recent studies on converting the inherent toxicity from ROS into advanced treatment tools are highlighted.

scholarly journals Separation and Characterization of Phenolamines and Flavonoids from Rape Bee Pollen, and Comparison of Their Antioxidant Activities and Protective Effects Against Oxidative Stress

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (6) ◽  
pp. 1264 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huifang Zhang ◽  
Rui Liu ◽  
Qun Lu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Bee Pollen ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Kaempferol Glycosides

Phenolamines and flavonoids are two important components in bee pollen. There are many reports on the bioactivity of flavonoids in bee pollen, but few on phenolamines. This study aims to separate and characterize the flavonoids and phenolamines from rape bee pollen, and compare their antioxidant activities and protective effects against oxidative stress. The rape bee pollen was separated to obtain 35% and 50% fractions, which were characterized by HPLC-ESI-QTOF-MS/MS. The results showed that the compounds in 35% fraction were quercetin and kaempferol glycosides, while the compounds in 50% fraction were phenolamines, including di-p-coumaroyl spermidine, p-coumaroyl caffeoyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, di-p-coumaroyl hydroxyferuloyl spermine, and tri-p-coumaroyl spermidine. The antioxidant activities of phenolamines and flavonoids were evaluated by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azino-bis-3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS), and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. It was found that the antioxidant activity of phenolamines was significantly higher than that of flavonoids. Moreover, phenolamines showed better protective effects than flavonoids on HepG2 cells injured by AAPH. Furthermore, phenolamines could significantly reduce the reactive oxygen species (ROS), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels, and increase the superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione (GSH) levels. This study lays a foundation for the further understanding of phenolamines in rape bee pollen.

The use of model systems to study biological functions of Nox/Duox enzymes

2004 ◽  
Vol 71 ◽  
pp. 85-96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Darren R. Ritsick ◽  
William A. Edens ◽  
James W. McCoy ◽  
J. David Lambeth
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Culture ◽  
Model Systems ◽  
Model Organisms ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biological Functions ◽  
Defence Mechanism ◽  
Phagocytic Cells ◽  
Peroxidase Enzymes ◽  
Ros Reactive Oxygen Species

ROS (reactive oxygen species; including superoxide and H2O2) are conventionally thought of as being broadly reactive and cytotoxic. Phagocytes utilize an NADPH oxidase to generate large amounts of ROS, and exploit their toxic properties as a host-defence mechanism to kill invading microbes. However, the recent discovery of the Nox and Duox enzymes that are expressed in many non-phagocytic cells implies that the 'deliberate' generation of ROS has additional cellular roles, which are currently incompletely understood. Functions of ROS in mammals have been inferred primarily from cell-culture experiments, and include signalling for mitogenic growth, apoptosis and angiogenesis. Nox/Duox enzymes may also provide H2O2 as a substrate for peroxidase enzymes (or, in the case of Duox, for its own peroxidase domain), thereby supporting peroxidative reactions. A broad comparison of biological functions of ROS and Nox enzymes across species and kingdoms provides insights into possible functions in mammals. To further understand novel biological roles for Nox/Duox enzymes, we are manipulating the expression of Nox/Duox enzymes in model organisms including Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster and mouse. This chapter focuses on new insights into the roles of Nox enzymes gained from these approaches.

scholarly journals Nanotechnologies for Reactive Oxygen Species“Turn-On” Detection

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hongfei Jiang ◽  
Qian Lin ◽  
Zongjiang Yu ◽  
Chao Wang ◽  
Renshuai Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Physicochemical Properties ◽  
Real Time ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
High Sensitivity ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Biological Applications ◽  
Detection Mechanism ◽  
Turn On

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) encompasses a collection of complicated chemical entities characterized by individually specific biological reactivities and physicochemical properties. ROS detection is attracting tremendous attention. The reaction-based nanomaterials for ROS “turn-on” sensing represent novel and efficient tools for ROS detection. These nanomaterials have the advantages of high sensitivity, real-time sensing ability, and almost infinite contrast against background. This review focuses on appraising nanotechnologies with the ROS “turn-on” detection mechanism coupled with the ability for broad biological applications. In this review, we highlighted the weaknesses and advantages in prior sensor studies and raised some guidelines for the development of future nanoprobes.

Overexpression of Triticum durum TdAnn12 gene confers stress tolerance through scavenging reactive oxygen species in transgenic tobacco

2019 ◽  
Vol 46 (10) ◽  
pp. 885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rania Ben Saad ◽  
Marwa Harbaoui ◽  
Walid Ben Romdhane ◽  
Nabil Zouari ◽  
Khong N. Giang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Stress Tolerance ◽  
Transgenic Tobacco ◽  
Abiotic Stresses ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Oxygen Species ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
Triticum Durum Desf

Plant annexins are proteins with multiple functions and roles in plant development and responses to abiotic stresses. We report here the functional analysis of the TdAnn12 annexin protein isolated from Triticum durum Desf. We have previously shown that TdAnn12 expression is highly induced by different abiotic stresses. In the present study, to investigate the physiological and biochemical stress-induced responses, we overexpressed TdAnn12 in tobacco. We demonstrate that transgenic tobacco plants expressing TdAnn12 exhibited enhanced tolerance to salt, osmotic stress and H2O2 at the seedling stage. Under greenhouse conditions, these plants showed tolerance to drought and salt stresses. Moreover, scavenging reactive oxygen species (ROS), higher chlorophyll content, lower lipid peroxidation levels and increased antioxidant activities (peroxidase, catalase and superoxide dismutase) were observed. Finally, accumulation of TdAnn12 in tobacco positively affects the regulation of some stress-related genes (MnSOD, APX1, CAT1, P5CS, NHX1, SOS1 and DREB1A). TdAnn12 interacts directly or indirectly with stress-related genes that could stimulate an adaptive potential to gain tolerance which is not present in non-transgenic (NT) plants. Our results clearly show that overexpression of TdAnn12 in transgenic tobacco improves stress tolerance through the removal of ROS.

Ugonin K Induces Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis through Reactive Oxygen Species/Apoptosis Signal Pathway in Human Skin Cancer Cells

2013 ◽  
Vol 690-693 ◽  
pp. 1422-1425
Author(s):  
Leong Perng Chan ◽  
Tzung Han Chou ◽  
Guey Horng Wang ◽  
Ya Ping Tseng ◽  
Pin Ju Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Reactive Oxygen Species ◽  
Cell Cycle ◽  
Skin Cancer ◽  
Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Cancer Cells ◽  
Human Skin ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Reactive Oxygen ◽  
Hacat Cells ◽  
Oxygen Species

The incidence and mortality of skin cancer continue to rise because of the destruction of the ozonosphere in the earth. Skin cancer is divided into two groups by histological features – nonmelanoma skin cancers (NMSC) and melanoma. Cutaneous basal cell carcinoma (BCC) and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of NMSC are almost 75% among human skin malignancy cancer. In the preliminary bioactivity screening, the compound isolated from Helminthostachys zeylanica were evaluated antioxidant activities and interacted individually with serial human cancer cells, results that antioxidant activities of ugonin K were evaluated by measuring DPPH free-radical scavenging activities, and reducing power. Determination the reactive oxygen species (ROS) content and reduced glutathione (GSH) formation in H2O2-treated HaCaT cells by ugonin K. The cytotoxicity results show that ugonin K expressed less toxic to human keratinocytes (HaCaT cells) and human skin fibroblasts (Hs68 cells) than BCC cells, suggesting that ugonin K may have potential to be developed effective drugs for skin cancer cells without damaging skin normal cells. After treatment with ugonin K in BCC cells, cell cycle arrested in S-G2/M phase with a markedly increased apoptotic sub-G1 peak, mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) reduced, the expression of p53, Caspase-8, Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 revealed a more significant increased than the untreated control. Expected ugonin K has potential for an effective and specific drug to cancer cell, can minimize the damage to normal cell and provide a better therapeutic method to skin carcinoma.

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