scholarly journals Screening of In Vitro Health Benefits of Tangerine Tomatoes

Antioxidants ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (7) ◽  
pp. 230 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hartono Tanambell ◽  
Siew Young Quek ◽  
Karen Suzanne Bishop
Keyword(s):  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Health Benefits ◽  
Beta Carotene ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Chicken Egg ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Prevention Of Cancer

Tomatoes have been associated with various health benefits, including the prevention of chronic diseases. The cis-isomers of lycopene occurring in tangerine tomatoes were, through clinical trials, proven to be more bioavailable than the all-trans lycopene found in red tomatoes. Nonetheless, scientific evidence regarding the bioactivities of the tangerine tomatoes is lacking. In this article, the antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties of extracts prepared from four different tomato varieties, namely Alfred, Olga’s Round Golden Chicken Egg, Golden Green, and Golden Eye, were investigated. While the antioxidant capacities of the extracts were measured through the ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS) assays, their anti-proliferative properties in prostate cancer cell lines were examined through the Sulforhodamine-B (SRB) assay. The anti-inflammatory activities of the extracts were assessed through the toll-like receptor (TLR)2, TLR4, and nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain containing protein 2 (NOD2)-mediated inflammatory pathways. Our results show that the tangerine tomatoes had lower IC50 values in both the anticancer and anti-inflammatory assays compared to the red tomatoes. Specifically, the half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) values of the tangerine tomatoes in LNCaP cells were approximately two to three fold lower than the red tomato (IC50: 14.46, 5.62, and 8.08 mg dry tomato equivalent/mL from Alfred hexane-acetone, Olga’s Round Golden Chicken Egg hexane, and Golden Green hexane, respectively). These findings indicate that the tangerine varieties, Olga’s Round Golden Chicken Egg and Golden Green, possess greater potential to be used in conjunction with treatment and for the prevention of cancer and inflammatory-related diseases than the Alfred (red) and Golden Eye (high beta-carotene) varieties.

scholarly journals Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Six Flavonoids from Smilax glabra Roxb

Molecules ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (22) ◽  
pp. 5295
Author(s):  
Xinyu Zhao ◽  
Ruyi Chen ◽  
Yueyue Shi ◽  
Xiaoxi Zhang ◽  
Chongmei Tian ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Raw264.7 Cells ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Preparative Hplc ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

This study aimed to isolate, prepare and identify the main flavonoids from a standardized Smilax glabra flavonoids extract (SGF) using preparative HPLC, MS, 1H NMR and 13C NMR, determine the contents of these flavonoids using UPLC, then compare their pharmacological activities in vitro. We obtained six flavonoids from SGF: astilbin (18.10%), neoastilbin (11.04%), isoastilbin (5.03%), neoisoastilbin (4.09%), engeletin (2.58%) and (−)-epicatechin (1.77%). The antioxidant activity of six flavonoids were evaluated by determining the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical and 2,2′-Azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS+) radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). In addition, the anti-inflammatory activity of six flavonoids were evaluated by determining the production of cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6), nitric oxide (NO) using enzyme linked immunosorbent assay and the NF-κB p65 expression using Western blotting in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. The results showed that (−)-epicatechin, astilbin, neoastilbin, isoastilbin and neoisoastilbin had strong antioxidant activities, not only in DPPH and ABTS+ radicals scavenging capacities, but in FRAP system. Furthermore, all the six flavonoids could significantly inhibit the secretion of IL-1β, IL-6, NO (p < 0.01) and the protein expression of NF-κB p-p65 (p < 0.01) in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. This study preliminarily verified the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of six flavonoids in S. glabra.

scholarly journals Essential Oil of Cymbopogon Citratus Grown in Umuahia: A Viable Candidate for Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Therapy

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-14
Author(s):  
Uchechi Bliss Onyedikachi ◽  
Favour Matthew Awah ◽  
Charles Nnanna Chukwu ◽  
Emmanuel Ejiofor
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Preliminary Evidence ◽  
Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Cymbopogon Citratus ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Abstract The essential oils of Cymbopogon citratus (EOCC) has found use in medicine, food and chemical industry. This study attempts to provide evidence of its suitability for antioxidant and anti-inflammatory therapy. Total phenol and total flavonoid of EOCC was 49.83±0.39mg GAE/g of extract and 352.82±3.45 µg QEC/g of extract respectively. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of its essential oil (EOCC) showed 25 peaks with myrcenyl acetate (9.703%), caryophyllene (8.997%), citronella (6.383%) been the most abundant. The in vitro anti-inflammatory assay using human red blood cell (HRBC) membrane stabilization shows that at 200µg/mL, the percentage inhibition of EOCC was significantly higher compared to diclofenac both for heat-induced and hypotonic induced haemolysis. 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays showed a comparable and dose-dependent increase from 50 to 400 μg/mL in relation to vitamin C. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of EOCC (73.16±12.89 μg/mL and 656.01±0.01 μmol Fe (II)/L) was remarkably higher compared to that of vitamin C (69.09±4.52 μg/mL and 246.79±0.01 μmol Fe (II)/L) both for DPPH and FRAP assays respectively. In conclusion, results from this study establish preliminary evidence on the therapeutic potential of EOCC in managing inflammation and oxidative stress caused by free radicals.

scholarly journals New Insights into the Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Italian Salvia officinalis Leaf and Flower Extracts in Lipopolysaccharide and Tumor-Mediated Inflammation Models

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 311
Author(s):  
Matteo Brindisi ◽  
Chouaha Bouzidi ◽  
Luca Frattaruolo ◽  
Monica R. Loizzo ◽  
Maria Stella Cappello ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Salvia Officinalis ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
Neoplastic Progression ◽  
Ultrasound Assisted Extraction ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Salvia Officinalis L

This work aimed to investigate and compare the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects of Salvia officinalis L. (sage) from Italy, with the aim of raising its current knowledge in this field. Leaves and flowers (S1–S8), harvested in two areas of Southern Italy, were extracted with methanol as a solvent by maceration or ultrasound-assisted extraction. Sage extracts, analysed by high pressure liquid chromatography-diode-array detection-electrospray ionization-quadrupole-mass spectroscopy (HPLC-DAD-ESI-Q-MS), exerted a promising antioxidant activity investigated using ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), and β-carotene bleaching tests, and elicited a significant decrease in reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophages. The anti-inflammatory activity was analysed in the same in vitro model. All the extracts did not affect cell viability although they showed anti-inflammatory activity, as they induced a decrease in nitrite levels that was greater than 50%, when employed at 50 µg/mL. Furthermore, they elicited a decrease in nitrite levels, as well as a decline in pro-inflammatory cytokine expression. The NF-κB transcription factor proved to be involved in the mechanisms that underlie such effects. Interestingly, sage extracts were able to interfere with the inflammatory activity induced by breast cancer cell-conditioned media (nitrite levels were significantly decreased, p < 0.05; p < 0.01), highlighting for the first time the important role of S. officinalis in controlling inflammation processes related to neoplastic progression.

scholarly journals Assessment of Immunomodulatory Effect on Natural Antioxidants – An In Vitro Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (42) ◽  
pp. 3612-3616
Author(s):  
Deepigaa Manivasagam ◽  
Arvind Muthukrishnan ◽  
Rajeshkumar S.
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Study ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Vitro Study ◽  
Immunomodulatory Effect ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

BACKGROUND Garlic has anti allergic, anti-tumour and chemo preventive effect. Turmeric has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and immunomodulatory activities. Spirulina has antioxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antiviral, and antibacterial effects. Honey has antimicrobial, antioxidant, anticancer, antiinflammatory. The purpose of this study was to prepare herbal formulations of garlic, turmeric, honey, and spirulina and analyse its immunomodulatory effect. METHODS Garlic, turmeric, honey, and spirulina were combined with 100 ml of distilled water and simmered for 15 minutes before being filtered and condensed again to 5 ml. The diphenyl 1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate test (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power assay (FRAP) and H2O2 assays were used to evaluate the immunomodulatory effect. RESULTS The prepared extract showed significant results at 50 l when assessed using DPPH, FRAP and H2O2 assay (i.e.) 72.1 %, 94.6 % and 67.9 % respectively. CONCLUSIONS This in-vitro study shows that the combination of garlic, turmeric, honey and spirulina formulation have good immunomodulatory effects when compared to the standard. Hence, in future, it can be used as a safe alternative instead of commercially available medicines in the form of in-situ gel for management of immune mediated disorders. KEY WORDS Garlic, Turmeric, Honey, Spirulina, Antioxidant, Immunomodulator

Secondary Metabolites from the Barks of Eucommia ulmoides and Their Bioactivities

2019 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 169-169
Author(s):  
Wen Yan Liu Wen Yan Liu ◽  
Zi Ling Zi Ling ◽  
Dong Dong ◽  
Ke Huan Li Ke Huan Li ◽  
Jian Hua Shao Jian Hua Shao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Metabolites ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Ethanol Extract ◽  
2D Nmr ◽  
Eucommia Ulmoides ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Intense Activity

Eucommia ulmoides Oliv., exhibiting diverse bioactivities including antimicrobial, antioxidant, neuroprotective, anti-tumor and anti-inflammatory properties, has long been known as an active ingredient commonly used in antihypertensive herbal prescriptions in China. The 95% ethanol extract of the barks of E. ulmoides showed antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and then was isolated by bioactivity-guided fractionation to obtain a new cinnamyl glucoside, 1-O-trans-cinnamoyl-β-D-apiofuranosyl-(1→6)-β-D-glucopyranose (1), together with twenty known secondary metabolites (2–21). And their structures were identified by extensive spectroscopic analyses, including 1D and 2D NMR, UV, IR and HRESIMS, and chemical methods. All secondary metabolites were evaluated for their antimicrobial and antioxidant activities in vitro. Compounds 7, 8, 11, and 21 exhibited moderately antimicrobial activity. In the antioxidant activity assay, compounds 3, 7, 11, and 14 showed intense activity in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) with the values of 9.82 mmol/g, 19.25 mmol/g, 14.52 mmol/g, and 12.58 mmol/g in comparison to Trolox (9.02 mmol/g). And compounds 2, 11, and 14–16 showed more potent activity with IC50 values ranging from 18.34 to 24.36 M than Trolox (26.35 M) in ABTS+• scavenging assay.

scholarly journals EVALUATION OF IN VITRO- ANTI-OXIDANT POTENTIAL OF AQUEOUS ROOT EXTRACT OF CLERODENDRUM SERRATUM L.

2017 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 402
Author(s):  
Raj Kumar Tiwari ◽  
Udayabanu Malairaman ◽  
Silpi Chanda
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Reducing Power ◽  
Antioxidant Property ◽  
Root Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Aqueous Root Extract

Objective: The intent  of this report  was to investigate the effect of aqueous root extract of Clerodendrum serratum L. for antioxidant activity using divergent models viz. DPPH scavenging assay, Superoxide scavenging assay and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) assay.Materials and Methods: The root of C. serratum was extracted using water. The yield of aqueous extract was 10%w/w. The outcome was examined statistically by the regression method.Results and discussions: The IC50 values are 85.43 µg/ml and 107.59 µg/ml for DPPH radical scavenging and Superoxide scavenging assay respectively whereas  FRAP showed significant reducing power activity with increased concentration of sample. The pilot study showed, a significant correlation existed between concentrations of the extract and percentage engrossment of free radicals.Conclusion: The antioxidant property may be corresponding to the polyphenols and flavonoids adjacent in the extract. These results clearly revealed that C. serratum might be effective against diseases analogous with free radical mediated. Keywords Clerodendrum serratum, DPPH, Superoxide, FRAP, Rutin, Antioxidant

scholarly journals New Lignanamides with Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities Screened Out and Identified from Warburgia ugandensis Combining Affinity Ultrafiltration LC-MS with SOD and XOD Enzymes

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 370
Author(s):  
Xiao-Cui Zhuang ◽  
Gui-Lin Chen ◽  
Ye Liu ◽  
Yong-Li Zhang ◽  
Ming-Quan Guo
Keyword(s):  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Characteristic Functional ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ic50 Value ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Ranking Order ◽  
New Compounds ◽  
Functional Components

Warburgia ugandensis, also known as “green heart,” is widely used for the treatment of various diseases as a traditional ethnomedicinal plant in local communities in Africa. In this work, 9 and 12 potential superoxide dismutase (SOD) and xanthine oxidase (XOD) ligands from W. ugandensis were quickly screened out by combining SOD and XOD affinity ultrafiltration with LC-MS, respectively. In this way, four new lignanamides (compounds 11–14) and one new macrocyclic glycoside (compound 5), along with three known compounds (compounds 1, 3, and 7), were isolated and identified firstly in this species. The structures of the new compounds were elucidated by spectroscopic analysis, including NMR and UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS. Among these compounds, compound 14 showed the highest 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) radical scavenging activities, and total ferric-reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) with IC50 values of 6.405 ± 0.362 µM, 5.381 ± 0.092 µM, and 17.488 ± 1.625 mmol TE/g, respectively. Moreover, compound 14 displayed the highest inhibitory activity on cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) with IC50 value of 0.123 ± 0.004 µM, and the ranking order of other compounds’ IC50 values was 13 > 11 > 7 > 1 > 12. The present study suggested that lignanamides might represent interesting new characteristic functional components of W. ugandensis to exert remarkable antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities. Moreover, compound 14, a new arylnaphthalene lignanamide, would be a highly potential natural antioxidant and anti-inflammatory agent from W. ugandensis.

scholarly journals Antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of the unsaponifiable fraction of extra virgin olive oil

2020 ◽  
Vol 71 (4) ◽  
pp. 386
Author(s):  
M. M. Elaasser ◽  
M. K.S. Morsi ◽  
S. M. Galal ◽  
M. K. Abd El-Rahman ◽  
M. A. Katry
Keyword(s):  
Olive Oil ◽  
Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Extra Virgin Olive Oil ◽  
Unsaponifiable Fraction ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Nitric Oxide Inhibition ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Oxide Inhibition

The health benefits of olive oil are well-known. In this study, the unsaponifiable fraction of extra virgin olive oil (Unsap) was investigated for reducing power capacity, ferric reducing antioxidant power, fer-rous chelating activity and nitric oxide inhibition. The present study was also designed to evaluate the in vitro cytotoxic effect of the Unsap against human carcinoma cells. The anti-inflammatory potential of Unsap has been determined via the inhibition of Human Cyclooxygenases. The results showed that Unsap is efficient for ferric reducing antioxidant power and nitric oxide inhibition. Unsap has a selective effect as anti-inflammatory agent. The results showed moderate to good in vitro antitumor activities of Unsap against human liver, lung and pancreas cancer cells with IC50 ranging from 19.6 to 30.4 μg/mL and good selectivity index (≥ 2). In conclusion, Unsap represents a promising and safe antitumor and antioxidant material that supports the need for further investigation.

scholarly journals IN VITRO ANTI-WRINKLE AND TYROSINASE INHIBITORY ACTIVITIES OF GRAPEFRUIT PEEL and STRAWBERRY EXTRACTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 25 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Endang Lukitaningsih ◽  
Syamsu Nur ◽  
Fadilah Qonithah ◽  
Andi Zulbayu ◽  
Rina Kuswahyuning ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Grapefruit Peel ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme ◽  
Collagenase Inhibition

The research aims to analyse the antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-wrinkle activities from grapefruit (Citrus Maxima L) and strawberry extracts. Samples were extracted by maceration using 96% ethanol and ethyl acetate, subsequently. The Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) and β-carotene bleaching (BCB) were used to measure the antioxidant activity. The effect of anti-wrinkle was determined by testing the inhibition of elastase and collagenase enzyme, while anti-tyrosinase activity was analysed using mushroom tyrosinase enzyme. The results showed that strawberry extracts in ethanolic (SE) and ethyl acetate (SEA) have antioxidant activity in FRAP (EC50 = 404.39 ± 3.27 µg / mL and 1978.65 ± 37.25 µg/mL) and BCB (IC50 = 292.30 ± 4.69 µg/mL and 671.11 ± 6.74 µg/mL). Whereas the grapefruit peel extracts both in ethanolic (GPE) and ethyl acetate (GPEA) have antioxidant activity in FRAP (EC50 219.47 ± 71.96 µg / ml and 309.44 ± 95.76 µg/ml) and BCB (EC50 245.19 ± 162.47 µg/ml and 567.54 ± 95.31 µg/ml). As positive standards for FRAP antioxidant analysis were quercetin and vitamin C which has IC50 respectively 18.97 ± 4.50 µg/mL and 24.47 ± 1.44 µg/mL. While in BCB analysis, Butylated Hydroxy Toluene (BHT) used as positive standard (IC50 38.68 ± 5.70 µg/mL). The samples of SE, SEA, GPE and GPEA showed tyrosinase inhibitory activity which the IC50 values were respectively 492.68 ± 1.43; 2658 ± 48.08; 3312.5 ± 222.74; 2985.17 ± 122.80 µg/ml. Kojic acid (IC50 111.52 ± 0.42 µg/ml) is used as positive standard in this study. In addition, SE, SEA, GPE and GPEA were able to inhibit elastase and collagenase enzymes, although their activities were still lower than the positive standard used in this study. Elastastinal in concentration 50 µg/mL giving elastase inhibition about 71.71 ± 0.81 µg/mL, while vitamin C in the same concentration showed collagenase inhibition about 66.79 ± 1.23 µg/mL. It can be concluded that the extract of strawberry and grapefruit peel has antioxidant, anti-tyrosinase and anti-wrinkle activity through inhibition of elastase and collagenase enzymes; thus, they can be used as antiaging cosmetic ingredients.

scholarly journals In vitro and in silico approach to determine neuroprotective properties of iridoid glycosides from aerial parts of Scrophularia amplexicaulis by investigating their cholinesterase inhibition and anti-oxidant activities

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 5429-5454
Keyword(s):  
Iridoid Glycosides ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
In Vitro Assays ◽  
Cholinesterase Inhibition ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Ic50 Values ◽  
Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power ◽  
Anti Oxidant

Three iridoid glycosides included 6-O-methyl, 1-glucopyranosyl catalpol (Compound 1), 6-O-α-L (3"-O- trans, 4"-O- trans cinnamoyl)-rhamnopyranosyl catalpol (Compound 2) and scropolioside D (Compound 3) were isolated from aerial parts of S. amplexicaulis using chromatographic methods. The structures were determined by different spectroscopic data. The inhibitory effects (IC50 values) of the compounds on cholinesterase (AChE and BChE) was determined by in-vitro assays. Docking studied were performed to investigate receptor-ligands interactions. The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging, 2, 2'-azino-bis[3-ethylbenzothiazoline]-6-sulphonic acid (ABTS) radical cation, cupric ion reducing activity (CUPRAC), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), phosphomolybdenum and metal chelating assays. AChE and BChE were moderately inhibited by all of the investigated iridoid glycosides (compared to galantamine). Compound 2 and compound 3 showed comparable anti-oxidant effects with the Trolox as the control in phosphomolybdenum assay. Also, compound 1, showed acceptable activities in ABTS radical scavenging and Phosphomolybdenum assays compared to the control.

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