scholarly journals Antioxidant, Pancreatic Lipase Inhibitory, and Tyrosinase Inhibitory Activities of Extracts of the Invasive Plant Spartina anglica (Cord-Grass)

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 242
Author(s):  
Geum Jin Kim ◽  
Songhee Park ◽  
Eonmi Kim ◽  
Hyukbean Kwon ◽  
Hae-Jin Park ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Pancreatic Lipase ◽  
Invasive Plant ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Western Coast ◽  
Spartina Anglica ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

Since 2016, the invasive halophyte Spartina anglica has been colonizing mudflats along the western coast of South Korea. In order to minimize costs on S. anglica expansion management and waste-treatment of collected biomass, the potential application of the collected biomass of S. anglica was investigated. Ethanolic extracts and subfractions thereof (hexanes, methylene chloride, ethyl acetate, 1-butanol, and water-soluble) of the aerial and belowground parts of S. anglica showed free radical-scavenging [2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS)], tyrosinase inhibitory, and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities. An ethyl acetate fraction derived from aerial parts (EA-a) showed the most potent radical-scavenging and pancreatic lipase inhibitory activities, whereas tyrosinase inhibition was mainly observed in the methylene chloride soluble fractions (MC-bg) and other lipophilic fractions (ethyl acetate and hexanes layers) obtained from belowground parts. The major EA-a compound isolated and identified was 1,3-di-O-trans-feruloyl quinic acid (1) based on spectroscopic analysis, whereas the two major MC-bg compounds were identified as p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (2) and N-trans-feruloyltyramine (3). Compounds 1 and 3 scavenged both DPPH and ABTS radicals, whereas 1 and 2 inhibited pancreatic lipase activity. These results indicate that extracts and fractions of S. anglica have antioxidant, anti-obesity, and whitening properties with potential pharmaceutical, cosmeceutical, and functional food applications.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Antioxidant and α-glucosidase Inhibitory Activities of Codonopsisjavanica (Blume) Hook. f. Thoms’ Root Extract

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nguyen Thi Thuy ◽  
Ngo Ha Linh Trang ◽  
Nguyen Thi Thanh Binh ◽  
Bui Thanh Tung
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Inhibitory Activity ◽  
Chemical Constituents ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Diabetes Type 2 ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diabetes Type ◽  
Inhibitory Activities

This study aims to evaluate the antioxidant ability and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of Codonopsisjavanica extract to elucidate its mechanism in the treatment of diabetes type 2. The roots of Codonopsisjavanica were extracted with ethanol solvents and fractionated with n-hexane, ethyl acetate and butanol solvents. The total extract and the fractions were evaluated for free radical scavenging by 2.2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity in vitro. The study results show that ethyl acetate fraction from Codonopsisjavanica roots had the strongest antioxidant activity with a value of IC50 of 80.6 ± 2.8 µg/mL and a strong α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity with a value of IC50 of 80.4 ± 5 µg/mL. These data suggest that ethyl acetate fraction from Codonopsisjavanica roots may have potential for the prevention and treatment of diabetes type 2. Keywords Codonopsisjavanica, diabetes type 2, α-glucosidase, antioxidant ability, fraction. References [1] B.Y. Te. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of type 2 diabetes, 2017.[2] U. Asmat, K. Abad, K. Ismail. Diabetes mellitus and oxidative stress-A concise review. Saudi pharmaceutical journal 24(5) (2016) 547.[3] D.K. Thu, V.M. Hung, N.T. Trang, B.T. Tung. Study on α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity and DPPH free radical scavenging of green coffee bean extract (Coffea canephora). VNU Journal of Science: Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences 35(2) (2019).[4] C.Y. Li, H.X. Xu, Q.B. Han, T.S. Wu. Quality assessment of Radix Codonopsis by quantitative nuclear magnetic resonance. Journal of Chromatography A 1216(11) (2009) 2124.[5] S.M. Gao, J.S. Liu, M. Wang, T.T. Cao, Y.D. Qi, B.G. Zhang, et al. Traditional uses, phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of Codonopsis: A review. Journal of ethnopharmacology 219((2018) 50.[6] T.T. Ha, H.V. Oanh, D.T. Ha. Chemical constituents of the n-butanol fractions from the roots of Vietnamese Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook.f. Journal of Pharmacy 56(4) (2016).[7] T.T. Ha, N.M. Khoi, N.T. Ha, N.V. Nghi, D.T. Ha. Chemical Constituents from Roots of Codonopsis javanica (Blume) Hook.f. Journal of Medicinal Materials 19((2014) 211.[8] B.T. Tung, D.K. Thu, N.T.K. Thu, N.T. Hai. Antioxidant and acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activities of ginger root (Zingiber officinale Roscoe) extract. Journal of Complementary and Integrative Medicine 14(4) (2017).[9] B.T. Tung, D.K. Thu, P.T. Hai, N.T. Hai. Evaluation of α-glucosidase inhibitory effects of Pomegranate fruit extracts (Punica granatum Linn). Journal of Traditional Vietnamese Medicine and Pharmacy 5(18) (2018) 59.[10] F. Moradi-Afrapoli, B. Asghari, S. Saeidnia, Y. Ajani, M. Mirjani, M. Malmir, et al. In vitro α-glucosidase inhibitory activity of phenolic constituents from aerial parts of Polygonum hyrcanicum. DARU Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 20(1) (2012) 37.[11] D.T. Bao. Free radicals. Journal of Pharmacy 6((2001) 29.[12] M. Carocho, I.C. Ferreira. A review on antioxidants, prooxidants and related controversy: natural and synthetic compounds, screening and analysis methodologies and future perspectives. Food and chemical toxicology 51((2013) 15.[13] National Institute of Medicinal Materials. Method for studying the pharmacological effects of herbal drugs. Science and Technology Publishing House, 2006.[14] J.W. Baynes. Role of oxidative stress in development of complications in diabetes. Diabetes 40(4) (1991) 405.[15] S.M. Jeon, S.Y. Kim, I.H. Kim, J.S. Go, H.R. Kim, J.Y. Jeong, et al. Antioxidant activities of processed Deoduck (Codonopsis lanceolata) extracts. Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 42(6) (2013) 924.[16] C.S. Yoo, S.J. Kim. Methanol extract of Codonopsis pilosula inhibits inducible nitric oxide synthase and protein oxidation in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated raw cells. Tropical Journal of Pharmaceutical Research 12(5) (2013) 705.[17] J.Y.W. Chan, F.C. Lam, P.C. Leung, C.T. Che, K.P. Fung. Antihyperglycemic and antioxidative effects of a herbal formulation of Radix Astragali, Radix Codonopsis and Cortex Lycii in a mouse model of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Phytotherapy Research: An International Journal Devoted to Pharmacological and Toxicological Evaluation of Natural Product Derivatives 23(5) (2009) 658.[18] S. Kumar, S. Narwal, V. Kumar, O. Prakash. α-glucosidase inhibitors from plants: A natural approach to treat diabetes. Pharmacognosy reviews 5(9) (2011) 19.[19] K. Tadera, Y. Minami, K. Takamatsu, T. Matsuoka. Inhibition of α-glucosidase and α-amylase by flavonoids. Journal of nutritional science and vitaminology 52(2) (2006) 149.[20] C.W. Choi, Y.H. Choi, M.-R. Cha, D.S. Yoo, Y.S. Kim, G.H. Yon, et al. Yeast α-glucosidase inhibition by isoflavones from plants of Leguminosae as an in vitro alternative to acarbose. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry 58(18) (2010) 9988.[21] K. He, X. Li, X. Chen, X. Ye, J. Huang, Y. Jin, et al. Evaluation of antidiabetic potential of selected traditional Chinese medicines in STZ-induced diabetic mice. Journal of ethnopharmacology 137(3) (2011) 1135.[22] S.W. Jung, A.J. Han, H.J. Hong, M.G. Choung, K.S. Kim, S.H. Park. alpha-glucosidase inhibitors from the roots of Codonopsis lanceolata Trautv. Agricultural Chemistry and Biotechnology 49(4) (2006) 162.[23] R. Gupta, A.K. Sharma, M. Dobhal, M. Sharma, R. Gupta. Antidiabetic and antioxidant potential of β‐sitosterol in streptozotocin‐induced experimental hyperglycemia. Journal of diabetes 3(1) (2011) 29.[24] R. Khanra, N. Bhattacharjee, T.K. Dua, A. Nandy, A. Saha, J. Kalita, et al. Taraxerol, a pentacyclic triterpenoid, from Abroma augusta leaf attenuates diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetic rats. Biomedicine & Pharmacotherapy 94((2017) 726.[25] A.I. Alagbonsi, T.M. Salman, H.M. Salahdeen, A.A. Alada. Effects of adenosine and caffeine on blood glucose levels in rats. Nigerian Journal of Experimental and Clinical Biosciences 4(2) (2016) 35.[26] A.M. Mahmoud, O.E. Hussein. Hesperidin as a promising anti-diabetic flavonoid: the underlying molecular mechanism. Int J Food Nutr Sci| Volume 3(3) (2014) 1.      

scholarly journals Phytochemicals of Minthostachys diffusa Epling and Their Health-Promoting Bioactivities

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 144
Author(s):  
Immacolata Faraone ◽  
Daniela Russo ◽  
Lucia Chiummiento ◽  
Eloy Fernandez ◽  
Alka Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Mass Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Spectrometry Analysis ◽  
In Silico Docking ◽  
Aerial Parts ◽  
Health Promoting

The genus Minthostachys belonging to the Lamiaceae family, and is an important South American mint genus used commonly in folk medicine as an aroma in cooking. The phytochemical-rich samples of the aerial parts of Minthostachys diffusa Epling. were tested for pharmacological and health-promoting bioactivities using in vitro chemical and enzymatic assays. A range of radical scavenging activities of the samples against biological radicals such as nitric oxide and superoxide anion and against synthetic 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radicals, the ferric reducing antioxidant power and the lipid peroxidation inhibition were determined and ranked using the ‘relative antioxidant capacity index’ (RACI). The ethyl acetate fraction showed the highest RACI of +1.12. Analysis of the various fractions’ inhibitory ability against enzymes involved in diabetes (α-amylase and α-glucosidase), and against enzymes associated with Parkinson’s or Alzheimer’s diseases (acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase) also suggested that the ethyl acetate fraction was the most active. Liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry analysis of the ethyl acetate fraction showed more than 30 polyphenolic compounds, including triterpenes. The inhibitory cholinesterase effects of the triterpenes identified from M. diffusa were further analysed by in silico docking of these compounds into 3D-structures of acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase. This is the first study on pharmacological activities and phytochemical profiling of the aerial parts of M. diffusa, showing that this plant, normally used as food in South America, is also rich in health-promoting phytochemicals.

scholarly journals Antioxidant Activity in Rheum emodi Wall (Himalayan Rhubarb)

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (9) ◽  
pp. 2555
Author(s):  
Sang Koo Park ◽  
Yoon Kyung Lee
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Scavenging Activity ◽  
Polyphenol Content ◽  
Abts Assay ◽  
Ic50 Values

Using natural products as antioxidant agents has been beneficial to replace synthetic products. Efforts have been made to profile the antioxidant capacities of natural resources, such as medicinal plants. The polyphenol content of Himalayan rhubarb, Rheum emodi wall, was measured and the antioxidant activity was determined using DPPH and ABTS+ assay, and the oxidative stress was assessed using SOD enzymatic assay. Five different solvent fractions, n-hexane, n-butanol, ethyl acetate, dichloromethane, and water, were used for screening the antioxidant capacity in effort to determine the optimum extraction solvent. The total phenolic contents for R. emodi fractions ranged from 27.76 to 209.21 mg of gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g of dry weight. DPPH and ABTS+ assay results are presented into IC50 values, ranged from 21.52 to 2448.79 μg/mL and 90.25 to 1718.05 μg/mL, respectively. The ethyl acetate fraction had the highest antioxidant activity among other fractions. Also, n-butanol and water fractions showed significantly lower IC50 values than the positive control in DPPH radical scavenging activity. The IC50 values of SOD assay of fractions ranged from 2.31 to 64.78 μg/mL. A similar result was observed with ethyl acetate fraction showing the highest SOD radical scavenging activity. The study suggests that the ethyl acetate fraction of R. emodi possess the strongest antioxidant activity, thus the most efficient in extracting antioxidant contents. Moreover, a highly significant correlation was shown between total polyphenol content and antioxidant activity screening assays. The compounds related to the antioxidant activity of R. emodi were identified to myricitrin, myricetin 3-galloyl rhamnoside, and myricetin, which have not been reported in studies about R. emodi before.

Comparative free radical scavenging and hypoglycemic activities of n-hexane, ethyl-acetate, and aqueous fractions of Azanza garckeana pulp

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Abubakar A. Yusuf ◽  
Toheeb D. Yissa ◽  
Abdulhakeem Rotimi Agboola ◽  
Sodiq M Balogun ◽  
Peter O. Adeboye ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Hypoglycemic Effect ◽  
Hexane Fraction ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Aqueous Fraction ◽  
Dpph Scavenging ◽  
Glucose Reduction

Background: The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is increasing on a global trend. The aim of the present study is to identify the most effective antioxidants and hypoglycemic fraction of Azanza garckeana. Methods: The fractions (nhexane or ethyl-acetate or aqueous) of A. garckeana were administered to the alloxan-induced diabetic rats at doses of 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg for 15 days. Antioxidants activities were evaluated at concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL using the DPPH scavenging assay. Results: Results revealed that both the hexane, ethyl-acetate, and aqueous fractions exhibited hypoglycemic and antioxidants activities in a dose-dependent manner. The n-hexane fraction demonstrated highest percentage DPPH scavenging effect of 26.34±3.43, 38.44±4.35, 59.34±3.45, and 74.83±5.35 at 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL respectively. The ethyl-acetate fraction demonstrated 19.33±2.98, 28.94±3.24, 47.34±2.90, and 57.82±4.54 respectively while the aqueous fraction exhibited the least activities of 12.45±23.45, 18.64±2.94, 27.94±3.89, and 39.43±3.89 at concentrations of 62.5, 125, 250, and 500 µg/mL respectively. In addition, the n-hexane fraction demonstrated the most significant hypoglycemic effect with the highest glucose reduction of 58.97 ±3.45 %, 63.86±5.35 %, and 66.51±4.35 %, ethyl acetate fraction demonstrated glucose reduction of 7.55±0.54%, 21.77±2.35 %, and 29.56±3.46 % while the aqueous fraction demonstrated the least hypoglycemic effect of 9.89±2.67 %, 18.09±3.45 %, and 18.87±3.24 at 100, 200 and 400 mg/kg bw respectively. Conclusion: The n-hexane fraction of Azanza garckeana extract could serve as a reservoir of bioactive agents that could be useful for the development of a new anti-diabetic agent

scholarly journals POLYPHENOL CONTENT AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL OF Allophylus edulis (A. St.-Hil. et al.) Hieron. ex Niederl. AND Cupania vernalis Cambess. (SAPINDACEAE)

2021 ◽  
Vol 45 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andréa Michel Sobottka ◽  
Elisandra Tessaro ◽  
Suelen Maier da Silva ◽  
Marina Pedron ◽  
Lara Tortini Seffrin
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Skin Diseases ◽  
Radical Scavenging Activity ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Total Phenolic ◽  
Butanol Fraction ◽  
Degraded Ecosystems

ABSTRACT Allophylus edulis and Cupania vernalis (Sapindaceae) are Brazilian native trees used as medicinal plants for the treatment of respiratory, digestive, circulatory, and skin diseases. Ubiquitously distributed in the Brazilian territory, these species are indicated for mixed plantations aimed at the recovery of degraded ecosystems. In this study, the total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC), and the antioxidant activity of extracts and fractions obtained from A. edulis and C. vernalis leaves were assessed. The TPC and TFC was determined spectrophotometrically. Antioxidant activity was evaluated through radical scavenging activity of 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The extracts were obtained by two methods: maceration (method 1) and Soxhlet (method 2). Solvents of increasing polarity (hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, and n-butanol) were used to obtained the fractions. The results showed that the ethyl acetate fraction from A. edulis, obtained from the maceration method, had the highest TPC (442.0 ± 18.2 mg GAE g-1) and TFC (58.1 ± 0.4 mg RUE g-1), and antioxidant activity (EC50 = 43.6 ± 2.6 µg mL-1). By C. vernalis, superior results were obtained with the n-butanol fraction (TPC = 126.1 ± 5.8 mg GAE g-1, TFC = 37.7 ± 0.6 mg RUE g-1). The highest antioxidant potential was found in the crude hydroalcoholic extract (EC50 = 816.1 ± 50.9 µg mL-1) and butanol fraction (1,156.4 ± 3.8 µg mL-1). The results of this study show that the fractions obtained by maceration and liquid-liquid partition with more polar solvents (ethyl acetate and n-butanol) are the richest in TPC and TFC, and presented the greater antioxidant activity. Comparing the two plants, A. edulis showed the best results, with a high content of TPC, TFC, and antioxidant potential, and therefore may be used to treat diseases related to oxidative stress.

scholarly journals In Vitro Antioxidant Capacity and Neuronal Cell Toxicity of Roots of Ostericum koreanum Maximowicz

2011 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 1451-1455
Author(s):  
Ramalingam Mahesh ◽  
Hyo Won Jung ◽  
Jun Hong Park ◽  
Yong-Ki Park
Keyword(s):  
Cell Viability ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Neuronal Cell ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Concentration Dependent Manner ◽  
Ostericum Koreanum

Ostericum koreanummaximowicz (Umbelliferae), a medicinal herb in Korean Oriental Medicine, has been applied to treat cold, headache, neuralgia and arthralgia. The ethyl acetate fraction ofO. koreanumroot was subjected toin vitroantioxidant activity with different methods for free radical scavenging activities. In addition, the cell viability and nitric oxide release assays were performed here for the first time in neuroblastoma (Neuro-2a) cell cultures. Among all the tested methods, the ethyl acetate fraction was expressed very active, exhibiting a good Trolox equivalent values and IC50, comparable to that of the commercial antioxidants, Trolox and ascorbic acid, respectively. The results showed that there was a reduction of cell viability by the fraction in a concentration dependent manner. These results suggest thatO. koreanumshows good antioxidant activitiesin vitroby inhibiting free radicals. These findings provide a rationale for thein vivotesting. Also, the major constituents behind the antioxidant mechanisms of this fraction warrant further study.

In Vitro Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Methanol Leaf Extract and Fractions of Afzelia bellaHarms (Fabaceae)

2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 19-30
Author(s):  
Josephine Ofeimun ◽  
James Afolabi ◽  
Ejiro Dowe ◽  
Osayemwenre Erhauyi ◽  
Enitome Bafor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Activity ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Leaf Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Alcoholic Extract ◽  
Antioxidant Power ◽  
Antioxidant And Antimicrobial Activities

Afzelia bella Harms (Fabaceae), a plant widely distributed in Africa, is used in traditional medicine for varied disease conditions including the treatment of topical skin infections. The present study investigated the antimicrobial and antioxidant activities of the methanol extract and various solvent fractions of the leaves of the plant. The methanol leaf extract was partitioned to yield petroleum ether, chloroform, ethyl acetate and residual aqueous fractions. Total phenol and flavonoid contents, radical scavenging activity and ferric reduction antioxidant power (FRAP) were determined by spectrophotometry, while antimicrobial activity and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the extract and fractions were determined using agar-well diffusion and agar dilution methods, respectively against clinical bacterial isolates of Bacillus subtilis, Escherishia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus, and fungi, Aspergillus flavus, Candida parapsilosis, Microsporium audiounii. Bacillus subtilis was the most susceptible among the bacterial strains tested, while Microsporium audiounii was the most susceptible fungus. The alcoholic extract and all solvent fractions demonstrated a concentration dependent antimicrobial activity with inhibition zone diameter range of 7.5 to 35.0 mm. MIC ranged from 0.1 - 8 mg/ml and activity was highest in ethyl acetate fraction with MIC of 0.1 mg/ml. FRAP ranged from 0.161 - 0.319 mmol Fe2+/g extract and was highest in the ethyl acetate fraction. These results give an indication that A. bella leaf has high antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and support the folkloric claim of the therapeutic potential of the plant. Keywords: antioxidant, antimicrobial, ethnomedicine, Afzelia bella, Fabaceae 

Evaluation of Cytotoxic Compounds from Calligonum comosum L. Growing in Egypt

2007 ◽  
Vol 62 (9-10) ◽  
pp. 656-660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Farid A. Badria ◽  
Madiha Ameen ◽  
Mohamed R. Akl
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Brine Shrimp ◽  
Methylene Chloride ◽  
Methanolic Extract ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Desert Plant ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites ◽  
Cytotoxic Compounds ◽  
Egyptian Desert

Calligonum comosum (Polygonaceae), an Egyptian desert plant, was extracted and fractionated using petroleum ether, methylene chloride, and ethyl acetate. The total methanolic extract and other fractions were tested for their anticancer activity using Ehrlich ascites, brine shrimp and antioxidant assays. Ethyl acetate fraction proved to be the most active in all assays. Eight compounds were isolated, purified, and identified from this fraction as (+)- catechin (1), dehydrodicatechin A (2), kaempferol-3-O-rhamnopyranoside (3), quercitrin (quercetin-3-O-rhamnopyranoside) (4), β-sitosterol-3-O-glucoside (5), isoquercitrin (quercetin- 3-O-glucopyranoside) (6), kaempferol-3-O-glucuronide (7), and mequilianin (quercetin-3- O-glucuronide) (8). All isolated compounds were tested for their cytotoxicity and antioxidant activity. Compound 2 showed the best cytotoxic and antioxidant activity.

scholarly journals Antimycobacterial and Nitric Oxide Production Inhibitory Activities ofOcotea notatafrom Brazilian Restinga

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Isabela Francisca Borges Costa ◽  
Sanderson Dias Calixto ◽  
Marlon Heggdorne de Araujo ◽  
Tatiana Ungaretti Paleo Konno ◽  
Luzineide Wanderley Tinoco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
National Park ◽  
Antimycobacterial Activity ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
No Production ◽  
Nitric Oxide Production ◽  
Phytochemical Investigation ◽  
Inhibitory Activities ◽  
Cox 2 ◽  
Cox 1

The genusOcotea(Lauraceae) is distributed mainly in tropical and subtropical regions. Some species of this genus asO. puberulaandO. quixoshave been described in the literature, showing antibacterial activity. AndOcotea macrophyllashowed anti-inflammatory activity with inhibition of COX-1, COX-2, and LOX-5. The purpose of this study was the phytochemical investigation of the plant speciesOcotea notatafrom Restinga Jurubatiba National Park, Macaé, RJ, Brazil, and the search for antimycobacterial fractions and compounds. The crude extract was evaluated for antimycobacterial activity and presented95.75±2.53% of growth inhibition at 100 µg/mL. Then, it was subjected to a liquid-liquid partition and subsequently was chemically investigated by HPLC, revealing the major presence of flavonoids. In this process the partition fractions hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol are shown to be promising in the antimycobacterial assay. In addition, ethyl acetate fraction was chromatographed and afforded two flavonoids identified by MS and NMR as afzelin and isoquercitrin. The isolated flavonoids afzelin and isoquercitrin were evaluated for their antimycobacterial activity and for their ability to inhibit NO production by macrophages stimulated by LPS; both flavonoids isoquercitrin (Acet22) and afzelin (Acet32) were able to inhibit the production of NO by macrophages. The calculated IC50of Acet22 and Acet32 was 1.03 and 0.85 µg/mL, respectively.

scholarly journals Phytochemical, antimicrobial, antioxidant and enzyme inhibitory potential of medicinal plant Dryopteris ramosa (Hope) C. Chr.

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Fiaz Alam ◽  
Syed Hurmat Ali Khan ◽  
Mohammad Hassham Hassan Bin Asad
Keyword(s):  
Ethyl Acetate ◽  
Crude Extract ◽  
Radical Scavenging ◽  
Ethyl Acetate Fraction ◽  
Phytochemical Analysis ◽  
Methanol Fraction ◽  
Medicinal Uses ◽  
Antibiotic Effect ◽  
Esterase Inhibition ◽  
Mic Value

Abstract Background Dryopteris ramosa has numerous potentials uses in the treatment of different maladies as old traditional medication. The fronds of D. ramose are edible and orally administered for producing antibiotic effect. They are also used as astringent and febrifuge, and as a pesticide. Methods Extraction of fronds of D. ramosa using solvents of increasing polarity, namely, ethyl acetate, methanol and water were tested for phytochemical (qualitative tests, GC-MS), antimicrobial (well method), antioxidant (DPPH), antifungal (tube dilution), cytotoxic activity (brine shrimps lethality assay) and LOX and COX inhibitory activities were performed using standard methods. Results The phytochemical analysis of the crude methanolic extract revealed that the fronds are rich in flavonoids, alkaloids, saponins, tannins, glycosides and triterpenoids. The total flavonoid content of the ethyl acetate fraction was 46.28 μg QE/mg extract. The GC-MS analysis revealed nine major compounds that constituted the crude drug and potentially had a role in reported activities. The crude extract was the most active amongst all the fractions against the bacterial and fungal strains used such that it inhibited the growth of P. aeruginosa with a zone of 13 mm and a MIC value of 16 μg/ml as compared to the standard cefixime, which inhibited the zone by only 10 mm and a MIC value of 32 μg/ml. The highest antioxidant potential in DPPH assay was shown by the crude extract with 91.948% free radical scavenging activity. The bring shrimps lethality potential of the crude extract was the highest, with a LD50 value of 47.635 μg/ml. The ethyl acetate fraction inhibits 91.36% of alpha glucosidase enzyme at a concentration of 0.5 mg/ml. In case of acetylcholine esterase inhibition assay, the methanol fraction inhibits 58.26% of the enzyme activity. Similarly, for butyrylcholine esterase inhibition, the maximum inhibitory effect was seen in the methanol fraction, with a percentage inhibition of 47.32%. Conclusion These test results support traditional medicinal uses of the plant. Dryopteris ramosa could be imperative for being used as a therapeutic agent and the medicinal importance of this plant should be further investigated.

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