scholarly journals Impact of Mycotoxins on Animals’ Oxidative Status

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 214
Author(s):  
Alexandros Mavrommatis ◽  
Elisavet Giamouri ◽  
Savvina Tavrizelou ◽  
Maria Zacharioudaki ◽  
George Danezis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Detrimental Effect ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Integrated Monitoring ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
By Products

Mycotoxins appear to be the “Achilles’ heel” of the agriculture sector inducing enormous economic losses and representing a severe risk to the health of humans and animals. Although novel determination protocols have been developed and legislation has been implemented within Europe, the side effects of mycotoxins on the homeostatic mechanisms of the animals have not been extensively considered. Feed mycotoxin contamination and the effects on the antioxidant status of livestock (poultry, swine, and ruminants) are presented. The findings support the idea that the antioxidant systems in both monogastrics and ruminants are challenged under the detrimental effect of mycotoxins by increasing the toxic lipid peroxidation by-product malondialdehyde (MDA) and inhibiting the activity of antioxidant defense mechanisms. The degree of oxidative stress is related to the duration of contamination, co-contamination, the synergetic effects, toxin levels, animal age, species, and productive stage. Since the damaging effects of MDA and other by-products derived by lipid peroxidation as well as reactive oxygen species have been extensively studied on human health, a more integrated monitoring mechanism (which will take into account the oxidative stability) is urgently required to be implemented in animal products.

Laboratory Study: Lipid Peroxidation and Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in Rat Renal Tissue After Daunorubicin Administration

Renal Failure ◽  
1996 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 537-543 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. Dioudis ◽  
D. Grekas ◽  
G. Papageorgiou ◽  
S. Iliadis ◽  
N. Botsoglou ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Laboratory Study ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Renal Tissue

scholarly journals Towards Heat Stress Management in Small Ruminants – A Review

2017 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amani Al-Dawood
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Small Ruminants ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Natural Immunity ◽  
Animal Products ◽  
Sheep And Goats ◽  
Agriculture Sector ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
The Impact

Abstract Small ruminants (sheep and goats) play a predominant role in the economy of million people, and have provided meat, milk, skin, wool and fiber for centuries. Animals undergo various kinds of stressors, i.e. physical, nutritional, chemical, psychological and heat stress (HS). Among all, HS is the most concerning at present in the ever-changing climatic scenario. Climate change is the most serious long-term challenge faced by small ruminants’ owners worldwide. HS results in decreased growth, reproduction, production, milk quantity and quality, as well as natural immunity, making animals more vulnerable to diseases, and even death. Thus, HS results in great economic losses, emphasizing the necessity to objectively assess animal welfare. The increasing demand for animal products paralleled by the frequent hot climate is a serious threat for the agriculture sector. The ability of sheep and goats to cope with HS without harming their welfare and productive performance has been often overrated. To date, little attention has been paid to comprehensive detailed data on the adverse effect of HS on sheep and goats. Therefore, this review discusses in detail the sheep and goats’ behavioral, physiological, molecular/cellular, hematological, biochemical and immunological responses under HS conditions. In addition, this review also presents the adverse effects of HS on reproduction and fertility, milk quantity and quality, feed intake, and water consumption of sheep and goats. Finally, this review suggests various methods for HS alleviation. In conclusion, HS impairs productivity and well-being in sheep and goats. The improved understanding of the impact of HS on small ruminants will help in developing management techniques to alleviate HS and highlighting the need for future researches on HS in sheep and goats.

scholarly journals EFFECTS OF ENDURANCE TRAINING ON ANTIOXIDANT DEFENSE MECHANISMS AND LIPID PEROXIDATION IN TESTIS OF RATS

2006 ◽  
Vol 52 (4) ◽  
pp. 319-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Y. Aksoy ◽  
T. Yapanoğlu ◽  
H. Aksoy ◽  
B. Demircan ◽  
N. Öztaşan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Endurance Training ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense

Modulatory Effects of Deltamethrin on Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms and Lipid Peroxidation in Carassius auratus gibelio Liver and Intestine

2009 ◽  
Vol 58 (3) ◽  
pp. 757-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana Dinu ◽  
Diana Marinescu ◽  
Maria Cristina Munteanu ◽  
Andreea Cristina Staicu ◽  
Marieta Costache ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Carassius Auratus ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Carassius Auratus Gibelio

scholarly journals Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Ameliorates Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms and Improves Replicative Senescence-Associated Oxidative Stress in Human Myoblasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shy Cian Khor ◽  
Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah ◽  
Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof ◽  
Norwahidah Abdul Karim ◽  
Suzana Makpol
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Replicative Senescence ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Tocotrienol Rich Fraction

During aging, oxidative stress affects the normal function of satellite cells, with consequent regeneration defects that lead to sarcopenia. This study aimed to evaluate tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) modulation in reestablishing the oxidative status of myoblasts during replicative senescence and to compare the effects of TRF with other antioxidants (α-tocopherol (ATF) andN-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)). Primary human myoblasts were cultured to young, presenescent, and senescent phases. The cells were treated with antioxidants for 24 h, followed by the assessment of free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression and activities, and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Our data showed that replicative senescence increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation in myoblasts. Treatment with TRF significantly diminished ROS production and decreased lipid peroxidation in senescent myoblasts. Moreover, the gene expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD2), catalase(CAT),and glutathione peroxidase(GPX1)was modulated by TRF treatment, with increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and reduced glutathione peroxidase in senescent myoblasts. In comparison to ATF and NAC, TRF was more efficient in heightening the antioxidant capacity and reducing free radical insults. These results suggested that TRF is able to ameliorate antioxidant defense mechanisms and improves replicative senescence-associated oxidative stress in myoblasts.

scholarly journals Crosstalk between Neuron and Glial Cells in Oxidative Injury and Neuroprotection

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (24) ◽  
pp. 13315
Author(s):  
Kyung Hee Lee ◽  
Myeounghoon Cha ◽  
Bae Hwan Lee
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Oxidative Injury ◽  
Redox Balance ◽  
Brain Diseases ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Antioxidant Mechanisms ◽  
Brain Homeostasis

To counteract oxidative stress and associated brain diseases, antioxidant systems rescue neuronal cells from oxidative stress by neutralizing reactive oxygen species and preserving gene regulation. It is necessary to understand the communication and interactions between brain cells, including neurons, astrocytes and microglia, to understand oxidative stress and antioxidant mechanisms. Here, the role of glia in the protection of neurons against oxidative injury and glia–neuron crosstalk to maintain antioxidant defense mechanisms and brain protection are reviewed. The first part of this review focuses on the role of glia in the morphological and physiological changes required for brain homeostasis under oxidative stress and antioxidant defense mechanisms. The second part focuses on the essential crosstalk between neurons and glia for redox balance in the brain for protection against oxidative stress.

Evaluation of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the bone of rats in conditions of separate and combined administration of vanadium (V) and magnesium (Mg)

2018 ◽  
Vol 284 ◽  
pp. 112-125 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Ścibior ◽  
Dorota Gołębiowska ◽  
Agnieszka Adamczyk ◽  
Joanna Kurus ◽  
Magdalena Staniszewska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Combined Administration

scholarly journals Implications of Antioxidant Systems in Inflammatory Bowel Disease

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guiping Guan ◽  
Shile Lan
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Bowel Disease ◽  
Bowel Disease ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidative Activity ◽  
Mucosal Immune Response ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Critical Function ◽  
Inflammatory Bowel ◽  
High Level

The global incidence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), a group of chronic gastrointestinal disorders, has been rising. The preponderance of evidence demonstrates that oxidative stress (OS) performs a critical function in the onset of IBD and the manner of its development. The purpose of this review is to outline the generation of reactive oxygen species and antioxidant defense mechanisms in the gastrointestinal tract and the role played by OS in marking the onset and development of IBD. Furthermore, the review demonstrates the various ways through which OS is related to genetic susceptibility and the mucosal immune response. The experimental results suggest that certain therapeutic regimens for IBD could have a favorable impact by scavenging free radicals, reducing cytokine and prooxidative enzyme concentrations, and improving the antioxidative capabilities of cells. However, antioxidative activity characterized by a high level of specificity may be fundamental for the development of clinical therapies and for relapsing IBD patients. Therefore, additional research is required to clarify the ways through which OS is related to the pathogenesis and progression of IBD.

scholarly journals The Combined Effect of Mediterranean Shrubland Pasture and the Dietary Administration of Sage By-Products on the Antioxidant Status of Segureña Ewes and Lambs

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 938
Author(s):  
María J. Jordán ◽  
Cristina Martínez-Conesa ◽  
Sancho Bañón ◽  
Julio Otal ◽  
María Quílez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antioxidant Activity ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Antioxidant Status ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Antioxidant Systems ◽  
Mediterranean Shrubland ◽  
Fattening Period ◽  
Plasma Antioxidant ◽  
By Products

The objective of this study was to determine if the combined effect of ewe grazing and the incorporation of sage by-products in the lamb feed enhances the Segureña ewe and lamb antioxidant status. For that, the endogenous (related to blood antioxidant enzymes) and exogenous (plasma antioxidant activity) antioxidant systems of ewes and lambs were studied at the physiological stages of lactation, after weaning and at the end of the fattening period. Major results indicated that grazing improved the enzymatic antioxidant defense of ewes during the stressful period of lamb weaning, and also, the antioxidant status of the ewe plasma at both physiological stages: lactation and after lamb weaning. With regards to the lambs, ewe grazing stimulated the antioxidant enzymatic defense during lactation, but not the antioxidant capacity of the plasma. At the end of the fattening period, the inclusion of sage by-products in the lamb diet (10% w/w) enhanced both the enzymatic cascade and antioxidant capacity of the lamb plasma. The antioxidant capacity of the lamb meat was also studied and the benefits of sage were detected in samples from the deltoideus muscle. Thus, Mediterranean grazing stimulated the antioxidant defense in ewes, while the inclusion of sage by-products in the lamb diets enhanced the antioxidant status of both blood and meat.

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