scholarly journals Tocotrienol-Rich Fraction Ameliorates Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms and Improves Replicative Senescence-Associated Oxidative Stress in Human Myoblasts

2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shy Cian Khor ◽  
Wan Zurinah Wan Ngah ◽  
Yasmin Anum Mohd Yusof ◽  
Norwahidah Abdul Karim ◽  
Suzana Makpol
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Replicative Senescence ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Tocotrienol Rich Fraction

During aging, oxidative stress affects the normal function of satellite cells, with consequent regeneration defects that lead to sarcopenia. This study aimed to evaluate tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) modulation in reestablishing the oxidative status of myoblasts during replicative senescence and to compare the effects of TRF with other antioxidants (α-tocopherol (ATF) andN-acetyl-cysteine (NAC)). Primary human myoblasts were cultured to young, presenescent, and senescent phases. The cells were treated with antioxidants for 24 h, followed by the assessment of free radical generation, lipid peroxidation, antioxidant enzyme mRNA expression and activities, and the ratio of reduced to oxidized glutathione. Our data showed that replicative senescence increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and lipid peroxidation in myoblasts. Treatment with TRF significantly diminished ROS production and decreased lipid peroxidation in senescent myoblasts. Moreover, the gene expression of superoxide dismutase(SOD2), catalase(CAT),and glutathione peroxidase(GPX1)was modulated by TRF treatment, with increased activity of superoxide dismutase and catalase and reduced glutathione peroxidase in senescent myoblasts. In comparison to ATF and NAC, TRF was more efficient in heightening the antioxidant capacity and reducing free radical insults. These results suggested that TRF is able to ameliorate antioxidant defense mechanisms and improves replicative senescence-associated oxidative stress in myoblasts.

scholarly journals Characteristics of lipid peroxidation processes and factors of the antioxidant defense system in chronic atrophic gastritis and gastric cancer

2022 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 63-70
Author(s):  
O. V. Smirnova ◽  
V. V. Tsukanov ◽  
A. A. Sinyakov ◽  
O. L. Moskalenko ◽  
N. G. Elmanova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Gastric Cancer ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Defense System ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase

Background. The problem of gastric cancer remains unresolved throughout the world, while chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) increases the likelihood of its development by 15 times. In the Russian Federation, the incidence of gastric cancer (GC) is among the highest, with it prevailing among males. One of the leading mechanisms in molecular pathology of membranes is lipid peroxidation (LPO). The severity of oxidative membrane damage depends on concomitant diseases, contributing to emergence and progression of pathological processes and development of cancer. Currently, the problem of LPO is unsolved in biological systems.The aim of this study was to investigate the state of LPO and antioxidant defense system in CAG and GC. Materials and methods. The parameters were studied in 45 patients with CAG and 50 patients with GC. The control group included 50 practically healthy volunteers without gastrointestinal complaints, who did not have changes in the gastric mucosa according to the fibroesophagogastroduodenoscopy (FEGDS) findings.Results. In patients with CAG, an increase in malondialdehyde, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase was found in the blood plasma compared with the control group. In patients with CAG, lipid peroxidation was activated, and the malondialdehyde level increased by 3.5 times relative to normal values. At the same time, the body fought against oxidative stress by increasing the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione S-transferase, and glutathione peroxidase. All patients with GC showed pronounced oxidative stress in the blood plasma in the form of a 45-fold increase in malondialdehyde. The activity of the main antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase was reduced in GC. Catalase was activated, which indicated pronounced oxidative stress, significant damage to blood vessels, and massive cell death. Glutathione-related enzymes (glutathione S-transferase and glutathione peroxidase) and the antioxidant protein ceruloplasmin were activated, which also indicated significant oxidative stress and severe intoxication in patients with GC.Conclusion. Depending on the stage and type of cancer, an in-depth study of lipid peroxidation and factors of the antioxidant defense system can be used to correct therapy and prevent cancer and can serve as markers of progression and prognosis in gastric cancer. 

State of the enzyme link of antioxidant protection in boys with hypoandrogenism

2020 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 32-36
Author(s):  
L. K. Parkhomenko ◽  
◽  
L. A. Strashok ◽  
S. I. Turchina ◽  
G. V. Kosovtsova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Free Radical ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Free Radical Oxidation ◽  
Conjugated Dienes ◽  
Delayed Puberty ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Radical Oxidation

Recently, interest in the problem of free radical oxidation in biological membranes, which is directly related to both the normal functioning of cells and the occurrence, course and outcome of many pathological conditions, has increased again in clinical medicine. The aim was to determine the role and impact of antioxidant defense in boys with hypoandrogenism. The study involved 75 adolescents with hypoandrogenism aged 13–18 years, who underwent a complex of clinical and laboratory examinations. All patients were conducted complex of anthropometric research and determination of the degree of delayed puberty, laboratory and instrumental examination. Free radical oxidation was determined by the levels of malondialdehyde, conjugated dienes, carbonated proteins, superoxide dismutase and catalase in the serum, and restored glutathione and glutathione peroxidase in whole blood. Based on their determination, the coefficient of oxidative stress was calculated. Statistical processing of results was performed using parametric and nonparametric methods. The study of indicators of the free radical oxidation process found that adolescents with hypoandrogenism have multidirectional changes in the oxidation of proteins and lipids, namely: the level of conjugated dienes increases, the concentration of malondialdehyde remains at the level of the control group, and the level of carbonated proteins tends to decrease. As for the activity of antioxidant protection enzymes, a significant decrease in the level of glutathione peroxidase was detected, while the level of superoxide dismutase and catalase remained at the level of normative indicators. Oxidative stress accompanies and is one of the pathogenetic links in the formation or maintenance of the state of hypoandrogenism in boys. This requires the use of antioxidants, the complex of which must be selected individually.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress in Rats After 60 Days of Hypergalactosemia or Hyperglycemia

2003 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 423-427 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mary Otsyula ◽  
Matthew S. King ◽  
Tonya G. Ketcham ◽  
Ruth A. Sanders ◽  
John B. Watkins
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Insulin Treatment ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Diabetic Rat ◽  
Glutathione Disulfide ◽  
Hepatic Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Streptozotocin Diabetic Rats

Two of the models used in current diabetes research include the hypergalactosemic rat and the hyperglucosemic, streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat. Few studies, however, have examined the concurrence of these two models regarding the effects of elevated hexoses on biomarkers of oxidative stress. This study compared the activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase, and glutathione reductase and the concentrations of glutathione, glutathione disulfide, and thiobarbituric acid reactants (as a measure of lipid peroxidation) in liver, kidney, and heart of Sprague-Dawley rats after 60 days of either a 50% galactose diet or insulin deficiency caused by streptozotocin injection. Most rats from both models developed bilateral cataracts. Blood glucose and glycosy-lated hemoglobin A1c concentrations were elevated in streptozotocin diabetic rats. Streptozotocin diabetic rats exhibited elevated activities of renal superoxide dismutase, cardiac catalase, and renal and cardiac glutathione peroxidase, as well as elevated hepatic lipid peroxidation. Insulin treatment of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats normalized altered markers. In galactosemic rats, hepatic lipid peroxidation was increased whereas glutathione reductase activity was diminished. Glutathione levels in liver were decreased in diabetic rats but elevated in the galactosemic rats, whereas hepatic glutathione disulfide concentrations were decreased much more in diabetes than in galactosemia. Insulin treatment reversed/prevented all changes caused by streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Lack of concomitance in these data indicate that the 60-day galactose-fed rat is not experiencing the same oxidative stress as the streptozotocin diabetic rat, and that investigators must be cautious drawing conclusions regarding the concurrence of the effects of the two animal models on oxidative stress biomarkers.

scholarly journals INFLUENCE OF «METISEVIT» ON THE ACTIVITY OF ENZYME AND NONENZYME LINK OF ANTIOXIDANT PROTECTION UNDER THE BULL’S BODY CADMIUM LOADING

2016 ◽  
Vol 18 (2(66)) ◽  
pp. 52-59
Author(s):  
B.V. Gutyj ◽  
Y. Lavryshyn ◽  
V. Binkevych ◽  
O. Binkevych ◽  
О. Paladischuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Cadmium Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Defense System ◽  
The Body ◽  
Antioxidant Protection ◽  
Young Cattle

The article contains the research results of the effect of cadmium chloride on the indexes of enzyme and nonenzyme systems of  antioxidant defense system in young cattle, such as the activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels of vitamins A and E. It is established that feeding calves at a dose of toxicant 0.04 mg / kg activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels of vitamins A and E in the blood of experimental animals decreased throughout the experiment. The lowest indicators of antioxidant in the blood of young cattle is set on the twenty -fourth day of the experiment, which is associated with increased activation of lipid peroxidation and the balance between antioxidant system and lipid peroxidation intensity. Given the cadmium load of young cattle it is used a new integrated drug with antioxidant action «Metisevit», which includes metifen, sodium selenite and vitamin E wich is founded as stimulating effects on the activity of antioxidant protection. In particular,it is established probable increase in activity of catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione levels, vitamin A and vitamin E in the blood of young cattle, which has performed cadmium stress. These changes occur through comprehensive action components of the drug «Metisevit» that leads to the normalization of metabolic processes and free radical in the body of the bull. The results of the research indicate antioxidant drug «Metisevit» in the application of its young cattle and the validity of his administration to improve the body's antioxidant status of chronic cadmium toxicosis.

Antioxidant defenses and metabolic depression in a pulmonate land snail

1995 ◽  
Vol 268 (6) ◽  
pp. R1386-R1393 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Hermes-Lima ◽  
K. B. Storey
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Thiobarbituric Acid ◽  
Land Snail ◽  
Land Snails ◽  
Antioxidant Defenses ◽  
Glutathione S Transferase ◽  
Hypometabolic State

During arousal from estivation oxygen consumption by land snails (Otala lactea) increases severalfold. To determine whether snails prepared for an accompanying rise in the rates of oxyradical generation by altering their antioxidant defense mechanisms, changes in the activities of antioxidant enzymes and lipid peroxidation products were quantified in foot and hepatopancreas of control, 30-day estivating, and aroused snails. Compared with controls, estivating O. lactea showed significant increases in the activities of foot muscle superoxide dismutase (SOD) (increasing by 56-67%), catalase (51-72%), and glutathione S-transferase (79-108%), whereas, in hepatopancreas, SOD (57-78%) and glutathione peroxidase (93-144%) increased. Within 40 min after arousal began, hepatopancreas glutathione peroxidase activity had returned to control values, but SOD showed a further 70% increase in activity but then returned to control levels by 80 min. Estivation had no effect on total glutathione (GSH + 2 GSSG) concentrations in tissues, but GSSG content had increased about twofold in both organs of 30-day dormant snails. Lipid peoxidation (quantified as thiobarbituric acid reactive substances) was significantly enhanced at the onset of arousal from dormancy, indicating that oxidative stress and tissue damage occurred at this time. The data suggest that antioxidant defenses in snail organs are increased while snails are in the hypometabolic state as a preparation for oxidative stress during arousal.

scholarly journals Characterization of Oxidative Stress in Various Tissues of Diabetic and Galactose-fed Rats

2001 ◽  
Vol 2 (3) ◽  
pp. 211-216 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert M. Strother ◽  
Tonya G. Thomas ◽  
Mary Otsyula ◽  
Ruth A. Sanders ◽  
John B. Watkins III
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Rat Model ◽  
Catalase Activity ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Oxidized Glutathione ◽  
Hepatic Glutathione ◽  
Reduced And Oxidized Glutathione

Rats fed a galactose-rich diet have been used for several years as a model for diabetes to study, particularly in the eye, the effects of excess blood hexoses. This study sought to determine the utility of galactosemia as a model for oxidative stress in extraocular tissues by examining biomarkers of oxidative stress in galactose-fed rats and experimentally-induced diabetic rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into four groups: experimental control; streptozotocin-induced diabetic; insulin-treated diabetic; and galactose-fed. The rats were maintained on these regimens for 30 days, at which point the activities of catalase, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione reductase, and superoxide dismutase, as well as levels of lipid peroxidation and reduced and oxidized glutathione were determined in heart, liver, and kidney. This study indicates that while there are some similarities between galactosemic and diabetic rats in these measured indices of oxidative stress (hepatic catalase activity levels and hepatic and renal levels of oxidized glutathione in both diabetic and galactosemic rats were significantly decreased when compared to normal), overall the galactosemic rat model is not closely parallel to the diabetic rat model in extra-ocular tissues. In addition, several effects of diabetes (increased hepatic glutathione peroxidase activity, increased superoxide dismutase activity in kidney and heart, decreased renal and increased cardiac catalase activity) were not mimicked in galactosemic rats, and glutathione concentration in both liver and heart was affected in opposite ways in diabetic rats and galactose- fed rats. Insulin treatment reversed/prevented the activity changes in renal and cardiac superoxide dismutase, renal and cardiac catalase, and hepatic glutathione peroxidase as well as the hepatic changes in lipid peroxidation and reduced and oxidized glutathione, and the increase in cardiac glutathione. Thus, prudence should be exercised in the use of experimentally galactosemic rats as a model for diabetes until the correspondence of the models has been more fully characterized.

scholarly journals Nitric oxide, lipid peroxidation products, and antioxidants in primary fibromyalgia and correlation with disease severity

2019 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Varsha Shukla ◽  
Siddharth Kumar Das ◽  
Abbas Ali Mahdi ◽  
Shweta Agarwal ◽  
Sukhanshi Khandpur
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Glutathione Reductase ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Pain Perception ◽  
High Plasma ◽  
Primary Fibromyalgia

Summary Background Fibromyalgia syndrome (FMS) is characterized by altered pain perception with chronic, widespread musculoskeletal pain. The relationship between nitric oxide, oxidative stress and the severity of FMS has not been studied. This study evaluated NO levels in plasma, LPO products and antioxidants in Red Cell lysate in patients of FMS and correlated it with disease severity. Methods 105 FMS patients who fulfilled 1990 ACR Criteria and 105 age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited over two years from 2013 to 2015. Antioxidative enzyme activity was assessed by the estimation of catalase, glutathione peroxidase (GPx) and glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Nitric oxide in plasma, MDA marker of lipid peroxidation (LPO) in the lysate was donen for estimating oxidative stress. FIQR was used to assess the severity of fibromyalgia. Results The catalase, superoxide dismutase, glutathione reductase and glutathione peroxidase levels were significantly low in patients than controls (p<0.001). Plasma NO levels and LPO were also significantly high (p<0.05). NO and LPO levels showed a significant positive correlation with FIQR (r: 0.57, 0.8 and p: <0.001) whereas a negative correlation was observed between antioxidants (Cat, GR and GPx, but not SOD) and FIQR. Conclusions Low antioxidants and raised LPO in RBC lysate in patients with FM together with high plasma NO correlated with the severity of FMS.

Oxidative stress profile during postpartum period in Surti goats

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanvi D. Manat ◽  
Sandhya S. Chaudhary ◽  
Virendra Kumar Singh ◽  
Sanjay B. Patel ◽  
Kuldeep Kumar Tyagi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Critical Care ◽  
Uric Acid ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Postpartum Period ◽  
Reduced Glutathione ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Blood Samples

Present study was conducted to investigate postpartum oxidative stress in 20 Surti goats. Blood samples were collected on 0, 7th, 14th, 21st, 30th and 45th days postpartum and analysed for Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), Glutathione Peroxidase (GPx), lipid peroxidation (LPO), reduced Glutathione (GSH) and uric acid. SOD differed significantly between 0, 14th and 21st day postpartum. GPx was significantly low on 14th day and then increased significantly (P<0.01) up to 45th day. Significant (P<0.01) difference was observed between days except 0 and 21st. LPO increased significantly (P<0.01) from 0 to 14th day and then decreased non-significantly up to 45th day. Reduced glutathione was significantly (P<0.05) higher on 0 day. Uric acid was lowest on 0 day and highest on 45th day however they were non-significantly different on 7th, 14th, 30th and 45th day. It can be summarized that on 14th day post kidding, the values of SOD, GPx and GSH were lowest while LPO was highest. Uric acid was significantly (P<0.01) low on the day of kidding. Thus it may be concluded that in Surti goats the period from 0 day to 14th day postpartum is most stressful and critical care should be taken during this period. GPx, SOD along with LPO and GSH can be used as marker of stress during postpartum period.

Oxidative stress in the testis of hyperglycemic rabbits treated with repaglinide

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 538-546
Author(s):  
Anna Gumieniczek ◽  
Hanna Hopkała ◽  
Marcin Pruchniak
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Ascorbic Acid ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Glutathione Peroxidase ◽  
Protective Effect ◽  
Protein Carbonyl ◽  
Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Protein Carbonyl Groups ◽  
Diabetic Rabbits

AbstractIn the present study, the induction of oxidative stress was examined in the testis of alloxan-induced diabetic rabbits. In addition, the protective effect of repaglinide, an oral anti-diabetic, at a dose of 1 mg daily was studied after four and eight weeks of the treatment. For these purposes, the levels of superoxide dismutase (Cu,Zn-SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), glutathione reductase (GSSG-R), glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AA), lipid peroxidation products (LPO) and protein carbonyl groups (PCG) were quantified. Hyperglycemia resulted in significant increases in the antioxidative enzymes, Cu, Zn-SOD, CAT, GSH-Px, and GSSG-R after four and eight weeks, respectively. There was also an increase in GSH level, and a decrease in the level of AA. These effects were accompanied by an elevation in testicular LPO levels and PCG levels. Repaglinide was found to normalize the activity of GSSG-R and levels of GSH and AA, and blunted the increased lipid peroxidation, however no decrease in PCG levels were observed. In conclusion, some oxidative changes provoked in the testis of rabbits by hyperglycemia, were found to be reduced with repaglinide treatment at therapeutic dose.

scholarly journals Cardiac Oxidative Stress and the Therapeutic Approaches to the Intake of Antioxidant Supplements and Physical Activity

Nutrients ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (10) ◽  
pp. 3483
Author(s):  
Kosar Valaei ◽  
Shima Taherkhani ◽  
Hamid Arazi ◽  
Katsuhiko Suzuki
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Defense Mechanisms ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Creatine Supplementation ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Ros Generation ◽  
Omega 3 ◽  
Antioxidant Supplements ◽  
Experimental Treatments

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are strongly reactive chemical entities that include oxygen regulated by enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant defense mechanisms. ROS contribute significantly to cell homeostasis in the heart by regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, and excitation-contraction coupling. When ROS generation surpasses the ability of the antioxidant defense mechanisms to buffer them, oxidative stress develops, resulting in cellular and molecular disorders and eventually in heart failure. Oxidative stress is a critical factor in developing hypoxia- and ischemia-reperfusion-related cardiovascular disorders. This article aimed to discuss the role of oxidative stress in the pathophysiology of cardiac diseases such as hypertension and endothelial dysfunction. This review focuses on the various clinical events and oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular pathophysiology, highlighting the benefits of new experimental treatments such as creatine supplementation, omega-3 fatty acids, microRNAs, and antioxidant supplements in addition to physical exercise

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