scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows with Excess Backfat: Up-Regulated Cytokine Expression and Elevated Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Placenta

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Yuanfei Zhou ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Yinghui Wu ◽  
Hongkui Wei ◽  
Jian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Impact

In sows, excess backfat during late gestation is associated with increased farrowing difficulties and influences the fetus, but the impact of backfat thickness on placental inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular development has not been defined. In this study, 120 sows were divided into six groups based on backfat thickness (≤16, 17–18, 19–20, 21–22, 23–24, and ≥25 mm) in late gestation. The placental lipids, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels, inflammatory-related cytokine and angiogenesis were determined. The concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL–C), and free fatty acid (FFA) linearly increased (p < 0.05) associated with increased late gestation backfat. ROS and MDA increased and TAC decreased (p < 0.05) as the backfat thickness increased. The mRNA expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, TLR4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL)–1β, IL–6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)–1 increased with increased backfat in late gestation. There were no differences in IL–8 and IL–10 mRNA expression among sows with different backfat thickness. Placental vessel density initially increased and then decreased with increasing backfat thickness of sows. Similarly, the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also increased and then decreased. Excessive backfat in late gestation was associated with greater oxidative stress, greater expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and decreased expression of placental angiogenic regulators.

scholarly journals Reversal of age-associated oxidative stress in mice by PFT, a novel kefir product

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 205873842095014
Author(s):  
Mamdooh Ghoneum ◽  
Shaymaa Abdulmalek ◽  
Deyu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Oxidative stress is a key contributor to aging and age-related diseases. In the present study, we examine the protective effects of PFT, a novel kefir product, against age-associated oxidative stress using aged (10-month-old) mice. Methods: Mice were treated with PFT orally at a daily dose of 2 mg/kg body weight over 6 weeks, and antioxidant status, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation were studied in the brain, liver, and blood. Results: PFT supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide; reversed the reductions in glutathione (GSH) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR) content; enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD); inhibited the liver enzyme levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT); significantly reduced triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; and significantly elevated high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Interestingly, PFT supplementation reversed the oxidative changes associated with aging, thus bringing levels to within the limits of the young control mice in the brain, liver, and blood. We also note that PFT affects the redox homeostasis of young mice and that it is corrected post-treatment with PFT. Conclusion: Our findings show the effectiveness of dietary PFT supplementation in modulating age-associated oxidative stress in mice and motivate further studies of PFT’s effects in reducing age-associated disorders where free radicals and oxidative stress are the major cause.

Abstract 598: Deletion of Microsomal PGE Synthase-1 Decreases Oxidative Stress and Protects Against Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Formation in Angiotensin II-Infused Mice

Circulation ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 116 (suppl_16) ◽  
Author(s):  
Miao Wang ◽  
Jane Stubbe ◽  
Eric Lee ◽  
Wenliang Song ◽  
Emanuela Ricciotti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Angiotensin Ii ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Aortic Aneurysms ◽  
Ang Ii ◽  
Abdominal Aortic ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
The Impact

Microsomal (m) prostaglandin (PG) E 2 synthase(S)-1, an enzyme that catalyzes the isomerization of the cyclooxygenase (COX) product, PGH 2 , into PGE 2 , is a major source of PGE 2 in vivo . mPGES-1 deletion in mice was found to modulate experimentally evoked pain and inflammation and atherogenesis is retarded in mPGES-1 knockout (KO) mice. The impact of mPGES-1 deletion on formation of angiotensin II (Ang II)-induced abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA) was studied in mice lacking the low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR −/− ). AngII infusion increased aortic macrophage recruitment and nitrotyrosine staining while upregulating both mPGES-1 and COX-2 and urinary excretion of the major metabolite of PGE 2 (PGE-M). Deletion of mPGES-1 decreased both the incidence and severity of AAA and depressed excretion of both PGE-M and 8, 12-iso-iPF 2a -VI, which reflects lipid peroxidation in vivo . While Ang II infusion augmented prostaglandin biosynthesis, deletion of mPGES-1 resulted in rediversion to PGD 2 , reflected by its major urinary metabolite. However, deletion of the PGD 2 receptor, DP1, did not affect AAA in Ang II infused LDLR −/− mice. These observations indicate that deletion of mPGES-1 protects against AAA formation by AngII in hyperlipidemic mice, perhaps by decreasing oxidative stress. Inhibition of mPGES-1 may represent an effective treatment to limit aneurysm occurrence and expansion.

Acetoacetic acid induces oxidative stress to inhibit the assembly of very low density lipoprotein in bovine hepatocytes

2016 ◽  
Vol 83 (4) ◽  
pp. 442-446 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaoxia Shi ◽  
Dangdang Li ◽  
Qinghua Deng ◽  
Zhicheng Peng ◽  
Chenxu Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Acetoacetic Acid ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Potential Link ◽  
Vldl Assembly

Dairy cows with fatty liver or ketosis exhibit hyperketonemia, oxidative stress, and a low rate of very low density lipoprotein (VLDL) assembly, and there may be a potential link among these characteristics. Therefore, the objective of this study was to determine the effect of acetoacetic acid (AcAc) on the assembly of VLDL in cow hepatocytes. Cultured cow hepatocytes were treated with different concentrations of AcAc with or without N-acetylcysteine (NAC, an antioxidant). AcAc treatment decreased the mRNA expression and activities of antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and significantly increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content, indicative of oxidative stress. Furthermore, AcAc treatment significantly down-regulated the mRNA expression of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100), apolipoprotein E (ApoE), and low density lipoprotein receptor (LDLR), which thus decreased VLDL assembly and increased triglyceride (TG) accumulation in these bovine hepatocytes. Importantly, NAC relieved AcAc-induced oxidative stress and increased VLDL assembly. In summary, these results suggest that AcAc-induced oxidative stress affects the assembly of VLDL, which increases TG accumulation in bovine hepatocytes.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress Biomarkers and Left Ventricular Hypertrophy in Children with Chronic Kidney Disease

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dorota Drożdż ◽  
Przemko Kwinta ◽  
Krystyna Sztefko ◽  
Zbigniew Kordon ◽  
Tomasz Drożdż ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Chronic Kidney Disease ◽  
Left Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Ventricular Hypertrophy ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Left Ventricular ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers

Cardiovascular diseases remain the most frequent cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). The aim of the study was to assess the association between oxidative stress biomarkers and cardiovascular risk factors and left ventricular hypertrophy in children with CKD.Material and Methods. The studied group consisted of 65 patients aged 1.4–18.6 (mean 11.2) years with stages 1 to 5 CKD. Serum oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL), protein carbonyl group, creatinine, cystatin C, albumin, lipids, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, insulin, plasma renin activity, and aldosterone levels were measured. Patients were divided into groups depending on CKD stage. Anthropometric measurements, ambulatory blood pressure (BP) measurements, and echocardiography with left ventricular mass (LVM) calculation were performed.Results. Serum oxLDL strongly correlated with creatinine (R=0.246;p=0.048), cystatin C (R=0.346;p=0.006), total cholesterol (R=0.500;p<0.001), triglycerides (R=0.524;p<0.001), low-density lipoprotein concentrations (R=0.456;p<0.001), and 24 hour BP values of systolic (R=0.492;p=0.002), diastolic (R=0.515;p<0.001), and mean arterial pressure (R=0.537;p<0.001). A significant correlation between oxLDL levels and LVMz-scores (R=0.299;p=0.016) was found.Conclusions. Hypertension and dyslipidemia correlated with lipid oxidation in children with CKD. oxLDLs seem to be valuable markers of oxidative stress in CKD patients, correlating with left ventricular hypertrophy.

scholarly journals Effects of alfalfa saponin extract on the performance and cholesterol metabolism of laying hens

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senhao Zhang ◽  
Yinghua Shi ◽  
Minggen Liang ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Chengzhang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Yolk Cholesterol

The experiment was performed to determine the effects of alfalfa saponin extract (ASE) on the performance and cholesterol metabolism of laying hens. A total of 150 Hy-Line Brown hens with 28 weeks old, were randomly divided into five treatment groups (five replicates per treatment with six hens per replicate). Diets containing 0, 60, 120, 240, and 480 mg ASE/kg were fed to hens for 77 days. The shell thickness had a trend to increase. The yolk cholesterol and liver bile acid decreased significantly (ASE 60 and 480 mg/kg groups for yolk cholesterol, and ASE 60 and 240 mg/kg groups for liver bile acid). Fecal bile acid has an elevation trend as ASE increased. The expression of very low density apolipoprotein-Ⅱ (apoVLDL-Ⅱ) gene was not affected by adding ASE. However, the mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase gene and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene were significantly up-regulated. The mRNA expression of very-low-density-lipoprotein receptor(VLDLR) gene was suppressed due to adding ASE supplementation in the diet. These findings indicated that dietary ASE could regulate cholesterol levels in hens by up-regulating the mRNA levels of HMG-CoA and CYP7A1 and suppressing the expression of VLDLR.

scholarly journals Effects of alfalfa saponin extract on the performance and cholesterol metabolism of laying hens

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Senhao Zhang ◽  
Yinghua Shi ◽  
Minggen Liang ◽  
Jia Li ◽  
Chengzhang Wang
Keyword(s):  
Bile Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Laying Hens ◽  
Cholesterol Metabolism ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor ◽  
Yolk Cholesterol

The experiment was performed to determine the effects of alfalfa saponin extract (ASE) on the performance and cholesterol metabolism of laying hens. A total of 150 Hy-Line Brown hens with 28 weeks old, were randomly divided into five treatment groups (five replicates per treatment with six hens per replicate). Diets containing 0, 60, 120, 240, and 480 mg ASE/kg were fed to hens for 77 days. The shell thickness had a trend to increase. The yolk cholesterol and liver bile acid decreased significantly (ASE 60 and 480 mg/kg groups for yolk cholesterol, and ASE 60 and 240 mg/kg groups for liver bile acid). Fecal bile acid has an elevation trend as ASE increased. The expression of very low density apolipoprotein-Ⅱ (apoVLDL-Ⅱ) gene was not affected by adding ASE. However, the mRNA expression of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase gene and cholesterol 7α-hydroxylase (CYP7A1) gene were significantly up-regulated. The mRNA expression of very-low-density-lipoprotein receptor(VLDLR) gene was suppressed due to adding ASE supplementation in the diet. These findings indicated that dietary ASE could regulate cholesterol levels in hens by up-regulating the mRNA levels of HMG-CoA and CYP7A1 and suppressing the expression of VLDLR.

scholarly journals Cord Blood Adiponectin and Visfatin Concentrations in relation to Oxidative Stress Markers in Neonates Exposed and NonexposedIn Uteroto Tobacco Smoke

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chełchowska ◽  
Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Gajewska ◽  
Grażyna Rowicka ◽  
Tomasz M. Maciejewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Aims.Maternal smoking is considered as a source of oxidative stress, which has been implicated to disrupted adipokines expression in adipose tissue. We examined the relationship between selected adipokines and markers of oxidative stress/antioxidant defence in the umbilical cord of neonates exposed and nonexposedin uteroto tobacco smoke.Methods.Subjects including 85 healthy neonates (born to 41 smokers and 44 nonsmokers) were tested for adiponectin, visfatin, oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).Results.Cord serum visfatin, ox-LDL, and TOC were significantly higher (p<0.001) but adiponectin and TAC were lower (p<0.001andp<0.05, resp.) in smoking group than in tobacco abstinents. In whole group of children (adjusted for smoking status, gender, and birth weight) adiponectin showed negative and visfatin positive correlations with ox-LDL. In the model estimated separately for smokers ox-LDL explained 36% of adiponectin and 35.5% of visfatin variance, while in the model of nonsmokers it explained 36.8% and 69.4%, respectively.Conclusion.Maternal smoking enhances oxidative status and depletes antioxidant potential in newborns. Lower level of adiponectin and higher visfatin concentration seem to be related with a less beneficial oxidative stress profile and higher level of lipid peroxidation in neonates exposed and nonexposedin uteroto tobacco smoke.

scholarly journals Effect of Antioxidant Mineral Elements Supplementation in the Treatment of Hypertension in Albino Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Muhammad ◽  
L. S. Bilbis ◽  
Y. Saidu ◽  
Y. Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Oxidative stress has been implicated in various pathologies, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and chronic renal disease. The current work was designed with the aim of investigating the potentials of antioxidants copper, manganese, and zinc in the treatment of hypertension in Wistar rats. The rats were fed 8% NaCl diet for 5 weeks and treatment with supplements in the presence of the challenging agent for additional 4 weeks. The supplementation significantly decreased the blood pressure as compared with hypertensive control. The result also indicated significant decreased in the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, malondialdehyde, insulin and increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total antioxidant activities, and nitric oxide of the supplemented groups relative to the hypertensive control. The average percentage protection against atherogenesis indicated 47.13 ± 9.60% for all the supplemented groups. The mean arterial blood pressure showed significant positive correlation with glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, insulin resistance and malondialdehyde while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and total antioxidant activities showed negative correlation. The result therefore indicated strong relationship between oxidative stress and hypertension and underscores the role of antioxidant minerals in reducing oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance associated with hypertension.

Messenger RNA levels of growth factors, ligands, receptors, and proteins affecting lipid metabolism in pigs

2000 ◽  
Vol 80 (4) ◽  
pp. 559-567 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claude Robert ◽  
Marie-France Palin ◽  
Frederick G. Silversides ◽  
Robert M. Mckay ◽  
Ghislain Pelletier
Keyword(s):  
Growth Factor ◽  
Binding Protein ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Growth Factor Receptor ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Insulin Like Growth Factor ◽  
Factor Binding ◽  
Density Lipoprotein Receptor

The Northern blot technique was used for mRNA phenotyping of 19 growth factors, ligands, receptors, and proteins involved in lipid metabolism in two populations of pigs with different fat deposition capabilities. The mRNA levels were measured in backfat, liver, and muscle tissue at different slaughter weights, taking backfat thickness, gender and breed of the animals into consideration. Of all the RNA patterns measured in the Landrace population, only the mRNA transcript level of low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (also called alpha 2-macroglobulin receptor) was associated with the pig's backfat thickness phenotype in muscle and backfat tissues. In the population composed of purebred Yorkshire and Hampshire, epidermal growth factor receptor, malic enzyme, platelet derived growth factor β and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3 show different mRNA patterns associated with backfat thickness phenotypes. When analyzing the data using the gender or the breed as the main effect, the insulin receptor and insulin-like growth factor binding protein 1 were different between genders whereas insulin-like growth factor binding protein 3, malic enzyme, epidermal growth factor receptor and low density lipoprotein receptor-related protein were different between breeds. Analysis of this type should be helpful in understanding the regulation of fat deposition. Key words: mRNA levels, marker genes, backfat, pig

scholarly journals Antioxidants and Oxidative Stress in Children: Influence of Puberty and Metabolically Unhealthy Status

Antioxidants ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 618
Author(s):  
Azahara I. Rupérez ◽  
María D. Mesa ◽  
Augusto Anguita-Ruiz ◽  
Esther M. González-Gil ◽  
Rocío Vázquez-Cobela ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Endothelial Damage ◽  
Normal Weight ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Stress Biomarkers ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Oxidative stress could help explain the relationship between childhood obesity and a metabolically unhealthy (MU) status. Moreover, puberty could also influence this relationship, since it entails physiological cardiometabolic changes. We aimed to evaluate plasma antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers in MU and metabolically healthy (MH) prepubertal and pubertal children and their associations with pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers, taking puberty into account. A total of 1444 Spanish children aged 3–17 years (48.9% males, 66% prepubertal, 47.1% with obesity) were recruited. Blood pressure, anthropometric and biochemical parameters were measured, and children were categorized as having a MU or MH status according to risk factors. Retinol, carotenes, tocopherols, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), oxidized low-density lipoprotein and selected pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers were analyzed. General linear models adjusted for age, sex, recruitment center and body mass index, partial correlations and stepwise linear regressions were performed. Lower carotenes and tocopherols levels were found in MU than in MH children. Plasma TAC was lower in prepubertal and higher in pubertal children with obesity compared to normal-weight children. Antioxidants and oxidative stress biomarkers showed novel associations with several pro-inflammatory and endothelial damage biomarkers, with pubertal differences, supporting the importance of considering both the antioxidant and oxidative stress status and puberty in the prevention of metabolic diseases in childhood.

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