scholarly journals Cord Blood Adiponectin and Visfatin Concentrations in relation to Oxidative Stress Markers in Neonates Exposed and NonexposedIn Uteroto Tobacco Smoke

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chełchowska ◽  
Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Gajewska ◽  
Grażyna Rowicka ◽  
Tomasz M. Maciejewski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Tobacco Smoke ◽  
Maternal Smoking ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Stress Profile ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress

Aims.Maternal smoking is considered as a source of oxidative stress, which has been implicated to disrupted adipokines expression in adipose tissue. We examined the relationship between selected adipokines and markers of oxidative stress/antioxidant defence in the umbilical cord of neonates exposed and nonexposedin uteroto tobacco smoke.Methods.Subjects including 85 healthy neonates (born to 41 smokers and 44 nonsmokers) were tested for adiponectin, visfatin, oxidized low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL), total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC).Results.Cord serum visfatin, ox-LDL, and TOC were significantly higher (p<0.001) but adiponectin and TAC were lower (p<0.001andp<0.05, resp.) in smoking group than in tobacco abstinents. In whole group of children (adjusted for smoking status, gender, and birth weight) adiponectin showed negative and visfatin positive correlations with ox-LDL. In the model estimated separately for smokers ox-LDL explained 36% of adiponectin and 35.5% of visfatin variance, while in the model of nonsmokers it explained 36.8% and 69.4%, respectively.Conclusion.Maternal smoking enhances oxidative status and depletes antioxidant potential in newborns. Lower level of adiponectin and higher visfatin concentration seem to be related with a less beneficial oxidative stress profile and higher level of lipid peroxidation in neonates exposed and nonexposedin uteroto tobacco smoke.

scholarly journals Influence of Active Exposure to Tobacco Smoke on Nitric Oxide Status of Pregnant Women

2018 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. 2719 ◽  
Author(s):  
Magdalena Chełchowska ◽  
Jadwiga Ambroszkiewicz ◽  
Joanna Gajewska ◽  
Joanna Mazur ◽  
Leszek Lewandowski ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Multivariate Regression Analysis ◽  
Smoking During Pregnancy ◽  
Women Subjects ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Markers Of Oxidative Stress ◽  
Oxide Synthase

Smoking tobacco can impair proper vascular endothelial functioning. This is exhibited through reduced nitric oxide synthesis as well as activity due to accompanying oxidative stress. We examined the relationship between nitric oxide and markers of oxidative stress/antioxidant defense in serum of smoking and non-smoking pregnant women. Subjects included 99 healthy pregnant women, who were tested for nitric oxide (NO), endothelial (eNOS) and inducible (iNOS) nitric oxide synthase, total oxidant capacity (TOC), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC). NO, eNOS, and TAC serum concentrations were significantly lower (p < 0.005), but iNOS (p < 0.05) and TOC (p < 0.001) were higher in smokers than in non-smokers. Multivariate regression analysis showed associations between NO concentration and eNOS, TAC, and smoking status in the whole group of patients. In the model estimated separately for smokers, the highest impact of eNOS (β = 0.375; p = 0.021) and cotinine (β = −0.323; p = 0.037) was indicated for NO concentration. In the model of non-smokers, eNOS (β = 0.291, p = 0.030) and TAC (β = 0.350; p = 0.015) were important for NO level. Smoking during pregnancy could exacerbate oxidative stress, impair the action of nitric oxide synthases, and adversely affect the balance of oxygen and nitrogen metabolism. Relationships between NO concentrations and TAC in the studied women’s blood can confirm the antioxidant nature of nitric oxide.

scholarly journals Reversal of age-associated oxidative stress in mice by PFT, a novel kefir product

2020 ◽  
Vol 34 ◽  
pp. 205873842095014
Author(s):  
Mamdooh Ghoneum ◽  
Shaymaa Abdulmalek ◽  
Deyu Pan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Redox Homeostasis ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Brain

Introduction: Oxidative stress is a key contributor to aging and age-related diseases. In the present study, we examine the protective effects of PFT, a novel kefir product, against age-associated oxidative stress using aged (10-month-old) mice. Methods: Mice were treated with PFT orally at a daily dose of 2 mg/kg body weight over 6 weeks, and antioxidant status, protein oxidation, and lipid peroxidation were studied in the brain, liver, and blood. Results: PFT supplementation significantly reduced the oxidative stress biomarkers malondialdehyde (MDA) and nitric oxide; reversed the reductions in glutathione (GSH) levels, total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and anti-hydroxyl radical (AHR) content; enhanced the antioxidant enzyme activities of glutathione peroxidase (GPx), catalase (CAT), and superoxide dismutase (SOD); inhibited the liver enzyme levels of aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT); significantly reduced triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), and low density lipoprotein (LDL) levels; and significantly elevated high density lipoprotein (HDL) levels. Interestingly, PFT supplementation reversed the oxidative changes associated with aging, thus bringing levels to within the limits of the young control mice in the brain, liver, and blood. We also note that PFT affects the redox homeostasis of young mice and that it is corrected post-treatment with PFT. Conclusion: Our findings show the effectiveness of dietary PFT supplementation in modulating age-associated oxidative stress in mice and motivate further studies of PFT’s effects in reducing age-associated disorders where free radicals and oxidative stress are the major cause.

scholarly journals Effect of Antioxidant Mineral Elements Supplementation in the Treatment of Hypertension in Albino Rats

2012 ◽  
Vol 2012 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Muhammad ◽  
L. S. Bilbis ◽  
Y. Saidu ◽  
Y. Adamu
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Very Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Low Density ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Treatment Of Hypertension ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Oxidative stress has been implicated in various pathologies, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, diabetes, and chronic renal disease. The current work was designed with the aim of investigating the potentials of antioxidants copper, manganese, and zinc in the treatment of hypertension in Wistar rats. The rats were fed 8% NaCl diet for 5 weeks and treatment with supplements in the presence of the challenging agent for additional 4 weeks. The supplementation significantly decreased the blood pressure as compared with hypertensive control. The result also indicated significant decreased in the levels of total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, malondialdehyde, insulin and increase in the high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, total antioxidant activities, and nitric oxide of the supplemented groups relative to the hypertensive control. The average percentage protection against atherogenesis indicated 47.13 ± 9.60% for all the supplemented groups. The mean arterial blood pressure showed significant positive correlation with glucose, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, very low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, atherogenic index, insulin resistance and malondialdehyde while high density lipoprotein-cholesterol and total antioxidant activities showed negative correlation. The result therefore indicated strong relationship between oxidative stress and hypertension and underscores the role of antioxidant minerals in reducing oxidative stress, dyslipidemia, and insulin resistance associated with hypertension.

scholarly journals Plasma Homocysteine Is Associated with Increased Oxidative Stress and Antioxidant Enzyme Activity in Welders

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hung-Hsin Liu ◽  
Tung-Sheng Shih ◽  
Hsin-Ru Huang ◽  
Shih-Chien Huang ◽  
Lien-Hsiung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Homocysteine ◽  
Vitamin B ◽  
Exposure Group ◽  
Homocysteine Concentration ◽  
Antioxidant Capacities ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Oxidative Stress Indicators

The purpose of this study was to examine the association of vitamin B6status and plasma homocysteine with oxidative stress and antioxidant capacities in welders. Workers were divided into either the welding exposure group (n=57) or the nonexposure controls (n=42) based on whether they were employed as welders. There were no significant differences in vitamin B6status and plasma homocysteine concentration between the welding exposure group and the nonexposure controls. The welding exposure group had significantly higher levels of oxidized low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lower erythrocyte glutathione concentration and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities when compared to nonexposure controls. Plasma pyridoxal 5′-phosphate concentration did not correlate with oxidative stress indicators or antioxidant capacities in either group. However, plasma homocysteine significantly correlated with total antioxidant capacity (TAC) (partialrs=-0.34,P<0.05) and erythrocyte SOD activities (partialrs=0.29,P<0.05) after adjusting for potential confounders in the welding exposure group. In the welding exposure group, adequate vitamin B6status was not associated with oxidative stress or antioxidant capacities. However, elevated plasma homocysteine seemed to be a major contributing factor to antioxidant capacities (TAC and erythrocyte SOD activities) in welders.

scholarly journals Early Life Exposure to the Great Chinese Famine and Risk of Rheumatoid Arthritis in Adulthood

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1499-1499
Author(s):  
Hannah VanEvery ◽  
Wen-hao Yang ◽  
Nancy Olsen ◽  
Xinyuan Zhang ◽  
Rong Shu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Early Childhood ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Early Life ◽  
Smoking Status ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Plasma Concentrations ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
In Utero ◽  
Increased Risk

Abstract Objectives Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, inflammatory autoimmune condition. Because the immune system develops early in life, it is possible that exposure to adversity like famine in utero or during early childhood may have lifelong impacts on risk of autoimmune disease. We thus investigated whether exposure (in utero or in early life) to the Great Chinese Famine of 1959–1961 was associated with risk of RA in adulthood. Methods Included were 101,510 participants of the Kailuan Study that joined the study at baseline (2006). RA cases were confirmed by medical record review. We used logistic regression to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) for RA, according to famine exposure status (exposed in utero, between 0 and 3 years, between 3 and 6 years, or at 6 years or older), in comparison to participants born after 1961 (not exposed to famine). Potential confounders (e.g., sex, body mass index, smoking status, and plasma concentrations of c-reactive protein, low-density lipoprotein and high-density lipoprotein) were adjusted in the model. Results During 12 years of follow-up (2006–2018), we identified 187 RA cases. Individuals exposed to the Famine in utero or in ages 0–3 years, had a higher prevalence of RA, relative to other groups (0.24%–0.35% vs 0.08–0.20%). After adjustment for potential confounders, the OR of RA was 2.70 (95% CI: 1.40 to 5.21) for in utero famine exposed individuals, 4.44 (95% CI: 2.66 to 7.39) for those exposed in age 0–3 y, 2.50 (95% CRI: 1.40 to 4.47) for those exposed in age 3–6 y, and 2.61 (95% CI: 1.63 to 4.18) for those exposed after at least 6 years old versus individuals who were born after 1961. A similar association was observed for men and women (P-interaction = 0.86). Conclusions Individuals with exposure to famine in utero or early childhood (0–3 years), were more likely to suffer from RA in adulthood. This study reflects the importance of early life as a key developmental period for the immune system, and demonstrates that exposure to famine during this time results in increased risk of RA in adulthood. Funding Sources Study funded by start-up grant from the College of Health and Human Development and the Department of Nutritional Sciences, The Pennsylvania State University, and Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (H2018209318).

scholarly journals Lipid status and oxidative stress in menopausal women with obstructive apnea syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 91 (10) ◽  
pp. 48-53
Author(s):  
L I Kolesnikova ◽  
N V Semenova ◽  
E V Osipova ◽  
I M Madaeva
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Antioxidant System ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Lipoprotein Cholesterol ◽  
Menopausal Women ◽  
Perimenopausal Women ◽  
Total Antioxidant

Aim: to assess lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system parameters in peri - and postmenopausal women with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Materials and methods. 37 perimenopausal women and 43 postmenopausal ones were examined. OSAS diagnosis was made on the basis of the clinical picture and the polysomnography results. In perimenopause, the main group consisted of 18 women, in postmenopausal women - 17. All comparison groups are comparable by age and body mass index. Lipid profile, lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system parameters by spectrophotometric methods were determined. Non - parametric criteria were used to analyze the group differences for the independent samples. Results and discussion. The increase of total cholesterol (TC) and low - density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels were observed in perimenopausal women with OSAS as compared to control. The increase of TC, triacylglycerol (TG), LDL-C, very - low - density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) levels and decrease of high - density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-D) level were found in postmenopausal women with OSAS as compared to control. Accumulation of ketodienes and conjugated trienes in perimenopausal women with OSAS and thiobarbituric acid reactants with a decrease of total antioxidant activity of blood serum in postmenopausal women with OSAS as compared to control was observed. Moreover, postmenopausal women with OSAS have a higher lipid peroxidation substrates and diene conjugates levels with a lower α-tocopherol level and total antioxidant activity compared with perimenopausal patients.The integral indicator of oxidative stress assessment indicates an imbalance in the lipid peroxidation and antioxidant system in menopausal women with OSAS. Conclusion. The results obtained indicate a violation of lipid metabolism and the development of oxidative stress in patients with OSAS. This is most pronounced in the postmenopause due to the aggravation of the pathological condition.

scholarly journals Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Sows with Excess Backfat: Up-Regulated Cytokine Expression and Elevated Oxidative Stress Biomarkers in Placenta

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 796
Author(s):  
Yuanfei Zhou ◽  
Tao Xu ◽  
Yinghui Wu ◽  
Hongkui Wei ◽  
Jian Peng
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Late Gestation ◽  
Backfat Thickness ◽  
Mrna Levels ◽  
Oxidative Stress Biomarkers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
The Impact

In sows, excess backfat during late gestation is associated with increased farrowing difficulties and influences the fetus, but the impact of backfat thickness on placental inflammation, oxidative stress, and vascular development has not been defined. In this study, 120 sows were divided into six groups based on backfat thickness (≤16, 17–18, 19–20, 21–22, 23–24, and ≥25 mm) in late gestation. The placental lipids, reactive oxygen species (ROS), malondialdehyde (MDA), and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels, inflammatory-related cytokine and angiogenesis were determined. The concentrations of triglycerides, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL–C), and free fatty acid (FFA) linearly increased (p < 0.05) associated with increased late gestation backfat. ROS and MDA increased and TAC decreased (p < 0.05) as the backfat thickness increased. The mRNA expression of toll-like receptors (TLR) 2, TLR4, tumor necrosis factor (TNF) α, interleukin (IL)–1β, IL–6, and monocyte chemoattractant protein (MCP)–1 increased with increased backfat in late gestation. There were no differences in IL–8 and IL–10 mRNA expression among sows with different backfat thickness. Placental vessel density initially increased and then decreased with increasing backfat thickness of sows. Similarly, the mRNA levels of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) were also increased and then decreased. Excessive backfat in late gestation was associated with greater oxidative stress, greater expression of proinflammatory cytokines, and decreased expression of placental angiogenic regulators.

scholarly journals The direct correlation between oxidative stress and LDL-C levels in adults is maintained by the Friedewald and Martin equations, but the methylation levels in the MTHFR and ADRB3 genes differ

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0239989
Author(s):  
Jéssica Vicky Bernardo de Oliveira ◽  
Raquel Patrícia Ataíde Lima ◽  
Rafaella Cristhine Pordeus Luna ◽  
Alcides da Silva Diniz ◽  
Aléssio Tony Cavalcanti de Almeida ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Dna Methylation ◽  
Low Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Density Lipoprotein ◽  
Standard Of Care ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Inflammatory Status ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Friedewald Equation

Low-density lipoprotein (LDL-C) concentrations are a standard of care in the prevention of cardiovascular disease and are influenced by different factors. This study compared the LDL-C concentrations estimated by two different equations and determined their associations with inflammatory status, oxidative stress, anthropometric variables, food intake and DNA methylation levels in the LPL, ADRB3 and MTHFR genes. A cross-sectional population-based study was conducted with 236 adults (median age 37.5 years) of both sexes from the municipality of João Pessoa, Paraíba, Brazil. The LDL-C concentrations were estimated according to the Friedewald and Martin equations. LPL, ADRB3 and MTHFR gene methylation levels; malondialdehyde levels; total antioxidant capacity; ultra-sensitive C-reactive protein, alpha-1-acid glycoprotein, homocysteine, cobalamin, and folic acid levels; usual dietary intake; and epidemiological variables were also determined. For each unit increase in malondialdehyde concentration there was an increase in the LDL-C concentration from 6.25 to 10.29 mg/dL (p <0.000). Based on the Martin equation (≥70 mg/dL), there was a decrease in the DNA methylation levels in the ADRB3 gene and an increase in the DNA methylation levels in the MTHFR gene (p <0.05). There was a positive relation of homocysteine and cholesterol intake on LDL-C concentrations estimated according to the Friedewald equation and of waist circumference and age based on the two estimates. It is concluded the LDL-C concentrations estimated by the Friedewald and Martin equations were different, and the Friedewald equation values were significantly lower than those obtained by the Martin equation. MDA was the variable that was most positively associated with the estimated LDL-C levels in all multivariate models. Significant relationships were observed based on the two estimates and occurred for most variables. The methylation levels of the ADRB3 and MTHFR genes were different according to the Martin equation at low LDL-C concentrations (70 mg/dL).

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