scholarly journals Seasonal Variation in Stable Isotope Ratios of Cow Milk in Vilnius Region, Lithuania

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (3) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrius Garbaras ◽  
Raminta Skipitytė ◽  
Justina Šapolaitė ◽  
Žilvinas Ežerinskis ◽  
Vidmantas Remeikis
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Dairy Products ◽  
Geographic Origin ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Cow Milk ◽  
Ratio Method ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Artesian Water

Various studies have shown that stable isotope analysis has the potential to verify the geographic origin of foods and drinks. However, stable isotope composition is not always constant in the environment and can even change in the same area. Dairy products are of particular interest as a group of foods that play an important role in feeding the population. The composition of milk is fundamentally dependent on the feeding of the cows, and thereby on a particular environment. To better understand the amount of variation in δ18O, δ13C, and δ15N values in the milk from the same area, we measured stable isotope ratios in cow milk water, artesian water, and precipitation (δ18O) as well as in bulk milk samples (δ13C and δ15N) collected in 2014–2016. Different water and food sources were available during the winter (artesian water only and dry grass) and summer (artesian water and fresh grass), and spring and autumn seasons reflected transitional periods. Oxygen stable isotope ratios in milk water were relatively lower in winter and transitional seasons and higher in summer, showing the dependence on the main water source. δ13C values reflected particular food sources. This study shows the applicability of the stable isotope ratio method in linking cow milk to specific environments and reveals the amount of variation in stable isotope ratios in the same area. These results could be valuable for other studies on geographical origin determination of dairy products.

TRANSFER EFFICIENCY FROM PRIMARY PRODUCERS TO RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM ON AN INTERTIDAL FLAT IN HIROSHIMA BAY, JAPAN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sosuke Otani ◽  
Sosuke Otani ◽  
Akira Umehara ◽  
Akira Umehara ◽  
Haruka Miyagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Nitrogen Stable Isotope ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Fish yields of Ruditapes philippinarum have been decreased and the resources have not yet recovered. It needs to clarify food sources of R. philippinarum, and relationship between primary and secondary production of it. The purpose on this study is to reveal transfer efficiency from primary producers to R. philippinarum and food sources of R. philippinarum. The field investigation was carried out to quantify biomass of R. philippinarum and primary producers on intertidal sand flat at Zigozen beach in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. In particular, photosynthetic rates of primary producers such as Zostera marina, Ulva sp. and microphytobenthos were determined in laboratory experiments. The carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios for R. philippinarum and 8 potential food sources (microphytobenthos, MPOM etc) growing in the tidal flat were also measured. In summer 2015, the primary productions of Z. marina, Ulva sp. and microphytobenthos were estimated to be 70.4 kgC/day, 43.4 kgC/day and 2.2 kgC/day, respectively. Secondary production of R. philippinarum was 0.4 kgC/day. Contribution of microphytobenthos to R. philippinarum as food source was 56-76% on the basis of those carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. Transfer efficiency from microphytobenthos to R. philippinarum was estimated to be 10-14%. It was suggested that microphytobenthos might sustain the high secondary production of R. philippinarum, though the primary production of microphytobenthos was about 1/10 compared to other algae.

TRANSFER EFFICIENCY FROM PRIMARY PRODUCERS TO RUDITAPES PHILIPPINARUM ON AN INTERTIDAL FLAT IN HIROSHIMA BAY, JAPAN

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sosuke Otani ◽  
Sosuke Otani ◽  
Akira Umehara ◽  
Akira Umehara ◽  
Haruka Miyagawa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Secondary Production ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Ruditapes Philippinarum ◽  
Transfer Efficiency ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Primary Producers ◽  
Nitrogen Stable Isotope ◽  
Carbon And Nitrogen

Fish yields of Ruditapes philippinarum have been decreased and the resources have not yet recovered. It needs to clarify food sources of R. philippinarum, and relationship between primary and secondary production of it. The purpose on this study is to reveal transfer efficiency from primary producers to R. philippinarum and food sources of R. philippinarum. The field investigation was carried out to quantify biomass of R. philippinarum and primary producers on intertidal sand flat at Zigozen beach in Hiroshima Bay, Japan. In particular, photosynthetic rates of primary producers such as Zostera marina, Ulva sp. and microphytobenthos were determined in laboratory experiments. The carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios for R. philippinarum and 8 potential food sources (microphytobenthos, MPOM etc) growing in the tidal flat were also measured. In summer 2015, the primary productions of Z. marina, Ulva sp. and microphytobenthos were estimated to be 70.4 kgC/day, 43.4 kgC/day and 2.2 kgC/day, respectively. Secondary production of R. philippinarum was 0.4 kgC/day. Contribution of microphytobenthos to R. philippinarum as food source was 56-76% on the basis of those carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. Transfer efficiency from microphytobenthos to R. philippinarum was estimated to be 10-14%. It was suggested that microphytobenthos might sustain the high secondary production of R. philippinarum, though the primary production of microphytobenthos was about 1/10 compared to other algae.

Pet or pest? Stable isotope methods for the early detection of invasive alien species

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katherine G W Hill ◽  
Kristine Nielson ◽  
Jonathan J Tyler ◽  
Francesca A McInerney ◽  
Zoe A Doubleday ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Alien Species ◽  
Best Practice ◽  
Invasive Alien Species ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Isotope Technique ◽  
Practice Methods ◽  
Stable Isotope Technique

The illegal pet trade facilitates the global dispersal of invasive alien species (IAS), providing opportunities for new pests to establish in novel recipient environments. Despite the increasing threat of IAS to the environment and economy, biosecurity efforts often lack suitable, scientifically-based methods to make effective management decisions; such as identifying an established IAS population from a single incursion event. We present a new application of a stable isotope technique to identify wild and captive histories of an invasive pet species. Twelve red-eared slider turtles (Trachemys scripta elegans) from Australian incursions with putative wild and captive origins were analyzed to: (1) present best-practice methods for sampling T.s.elegans incursions; (2) effectively discriminate between wild and captive groups using stable isotope ratios; and (3) present a framework to expand the methodology for use on other IAS species. A sampling method was developed to obtain carbon (δ13C‰) and nitrogen (δ15N‰) stable isotope ratios from the keratin layer of the carapace (shells), which identify differences in dietary plant material and trophic level respectively. Both δ13C‰ and δ15N‰ exhibited the potential to distinguish between the wild and captive origins of the samples. Power simulations demonstrated that isotope ratios were consistent across the carapace, and a minimum of 8 individuals were required to effectively discriminate wild and captive groups, reducing overall sampling costs. Statistical classification effectively separated captive and wild groups by δ15N‰ (captive: δ15N‰ ≥ 9.7‰, minimum of 96% accuracy), which suggested that captive individuals consumed greater proportions of terrestrial meat than wild individuals. This study outlines a practical and accessible method for detecting IAS incursions, providing biosecurity staff and decision makers with the tools to quickly identify and manage future IAS incursions.

Flexible diet and trophic position of dreissenid mussels as inferred from stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen

2005 ◽  
Vol 62 (5) ◽  
pp. 1119-1129 ◽  
Author(s):  
David W Garton ◽  
Christopher D Payne ◽  
Joseph P Montoya
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Dreissena Polymorpha ◽  
Lake Erie ◽  
Trophic Position ◽  
Nitrogen Isotope ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Trophic Levels ◽  
Food Sources ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Western Lake

In this study, the trophic position and food-web impacts of invading zebra mussels (Dreissena polymorpha) were investigated by sampling mussels, seston (= phytoplankton), macrophytes, zooplankton, and surficial sediment in two small inland lakes (1999–2002) and similarly in western Lake Erie (1999 only). Tissues from quagga mussels (Dreissena bugensis) from Lake Erie were also analyzed. Stable-isotope ratios (15N/14N and 13C/12C) were used to identify likely food sources and estimate relative trophic position. For Lake Erie, stable-isotope ratios indicated no diet differences between the two mussel species. For all lakes, zooplankton δ13C was indicative of phytoplanktivory. The 13C stable isotope ratios indicated that seston comprised ~50% of food sources for mussels in Lake Erie, but 73%–97% and 52%–100% of the diet of mussel populations in Lake Wawasee and Clark Lake, respectively. Stable nitrogen isotope ratios placed zooplankton at trophic levels equal to or higher than those of mussels in seven of eight comparisons. Dreissena polymorpha and D. bugensis are able to exploit suspended detritus as a significant energy source, as well as compete directly with zooplankton for seston as a food source and with each other in areas of sympatry.

scholarly journals Reflection of stable isotopes and selected elements with the inundation gradient at the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR), Malaysia

2017 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
W. R. Khan ◽  
M. Nazre ◽  
S. Z. Zulkifli ◽  
K. A. Kudus ◽  
M. Zimmer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Stable Isotope ◽  
Mangrove Forest ◽  
Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry ◽  
Isotope Ratios ◽  
Stable Isotope Ratios ◽  
Mangrove Species ◽  
Forest Reserve ◽  
Δ13c And Δ15n ◽  
Elemental Concentrations ◽  
Rhizophora Apiculata

Multi-elemental and isotopic fingerprints could help to track changes in mangrove forest productivity and development. This study aims to identify elemental concentrations and stable isotope ratios in inter- and intra-mangrove species along the inundation gradient of the Matang mangrove forest. Matured sun leaves of different mangrove species, namely, Avicennia alba, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera parviflora, and Sonneratia ovata, were collected from the Matang Mangrove Forest Reserve (MMFR). After samples preparation, determination of elemental concentrations and stable isotope ratios were carried out using an Atomic Absorption Spectrometer (AAS) and Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometry (IRMS) respectively. Trace elements (Mn, Fe, Cu, Zn), cations (Na, K, Ca, Mg) and stable isotope (δ13C and δ15N) ratios were found to follow different patterns along the inundation gradient in the leaves of the sampled plant species. Elemental concentrations of Na, K, Fe, Cu, Zn and Mn along with stable istopic ratio differed significantly within similar and different mangrove species. The results of Rhizophora apiculata elemental concentrations and stable isotope ratios can potentially serve as a baseline to further the research in the MMFR compartments.

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