scholarly journals Effects of Short Transport and Prolonged Fasting in Beef Calves

Animals ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 8 (10) ◽  
pp. 170 ◽  
Author(s):  
Viviana Bravo ◽  
Carmen Gallo ◽  
Gerardo Acosta-Jamett
Keyword(s):  
Creatine Kinase ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Tympanic Temperature ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Prolonged Fasting ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Transportation Times ◽  
Blood Variables ◽  
Eye Temperature

Marketing is a stressful process for beef calves, because they are removed from their environment, often weaned just before loading, loaded, transported, and unloaded. It also involves extended periods without food and water and mixing with unfamiliar animals in an unknown environment. Some studies have shown that calves sold through markets are exposed to extended fasting periods even when they undergo only short transportation times. The aim of this controlled study was to determine the consequences for beef calves of a short transportation time followed by a prolonged time without food and water on their tympanic temperature (TT), maximum eye temperature (MET), blood variables related to stress, and live weight. Ten calves were transported for 3 h and then kept in an outdoor pen for 21 h, completing a 24 h fasting period. Sampling took place before loading, after transport and unloading, and then after completing 24 h without food and water. TT, MET, blood glucose, and creatine kinase (CK) increased significantly after transportation. Live weight decreased across sample times (mean of 10 kg per calf after 24 h of fasting), which was consistent with the higher concentration of β-HB found after fasting. Further studies to measure the actual consequences of true, commercial marketing on calf welfare and productivity are needed.

Changes in pancreatic trophism and gene expression during a prolonged fasting period in rats

1991 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Juan L. lovanna ◽  
Nelson J. Dusetti ◽  
Maria B. Cadenas ◽  
Maria C. Mallmann ◽  
Ezequiel L. Calvo
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Prolonged Fasting ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Pancreatic Trophism

The effect of copper glycine injections on the live-weight gains of suckling beef calves

1962 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 303-307 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. E. Morgan ◽  
A. Clegg ◽  
N. H. Brooksbank ◽  
C. T. McCrea
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
Significant Response ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Grazing Period ◽  
Effect Of Copper

(1) Two trials on the effect of copper glycine injections on the live-weight gains of suckling beef calves under commercial conditions are described.(2) One injection supplying 120 mg. of copper increased live-weight gains by approximately 10% during the suckling and grazing period. A second injection given two months after the first gave a further positive but not statistically significant response.

scholarly journals The effect of calf jackets on the health, performance, and skin temperature of dairy origin beef calves

2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 316-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naomi H Rutherford ◽  
Alan W Gordon ◽  
Gareth Arnott ◽  
Francis O Lively
Keyword(s):  
Ambient Temperature ◽  
Skin Temperature ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Ambient Conditions ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Calf Health ◽  
Health Performance ◽  
Humidity Index

Abstract Variations and extremities in climatic conditions can result in cold stress for dairy calves during the preweaning period. The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of calf jackets on the health, performance, and skin temperature of dairy-origin beef calves. This study took place in a designated calf rearing unit, spanned for a duration of 1 yr, and consisted of five batches of calves. Calves (30.9 ± 1.68 d of age; 55.9 ± 0.20 kg live weight) were assigned to one of four treatment groups on arrival at the rearing unit. Treatments consisted of control (no jacket), arrival (jacket for 2 wk postarrival), weight (jacket for a minimum of 2 wk and until 65 kg live weight), and wean (jacket until 5 d postweaning). Ambient conditions differed significantly (P < 0.001) during each of the five batches; batch 4 was the coldest with a mean ambient temperature of 6.16 °C. Significant differences were observed between the five batches for day 50 weight (P < 0.01) and disease incidence (P < 0.05). However, treatment had no significant effect on calf health or performance (P > 0.05) during any of the five batches. Skin temperature was significantly greater (P < 0.001) for calves wearing a jacket. Furthermore, there was a significant (P < 0.001) relationship between ambient temperature-humidity index and skin temperature for calves with and without a calf jacket. Therefore, although calf jackets had no benefit in terms of health or performance, they did act as a barrier to environmental conditions.

PSIII-5 Predicting live weight using linear body measurements in growing beef calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 99 (Supplement_3) ◽  
pp. 285-285
Author(s):  
Vanessa Rotondo ◽  
Dan Tulpan ◽  
Katharine M Wood ◽  
Marlene Paibomesai ◽  
Vern R Osborne
Keyword(s):  
Machine Learning ◽  
Body Weight ◽  
Linear Models ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Body Measurements ◽  
Learning Models ◽  
Linear Measurements ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Machine Learning Models ◽  
Linear Body

Abstract The objective of this study is to investigate how linear body measurements relate to and can be used to predict calf body weight using linear and machine learning models. To meet these objectives, a total of 103 Angus cross calves were enrolled in the study from wk 2 - 8. Calves were weighed and linear measurements were collected weekly, such as: poll to nose, width across the eyes (WE), width across the right ear, neck length, wither height, heart girth (HG), midpiece height (MH), midpiece circumference, midpiece width (MW), midpiece depth (MD), hook height, hook width, pin height, top of pin bones width (PW), width across the ends of pin bones, nose to tail body length, the length between the withers and pins, forearm to hoof, cannon bone to hoof. These measurements were taken using a commercial soft tape measure and calipers. To assess relationships between traits and to fit a model to predict BW, data were analyzed using the Weka (The University of Waikato, New Zealand) software using both linear regression (LR) and random forest (RF) machine learning models. The models were trained using a 10-fold cross-validation approach. The automatically derived LR model used 11 traits to fit the data to weekly BW (r2 = 0.97), where the traits with the highest coefficients were HG, PW and WE. The RF model improved further the BW predictions (r2= 0.98). Additionally, sex differences were examined. Although the BW model continued to fit well (r2 0.97), some of the top linear traits differed. The results of this study suggest that linear models built on linear measurements can accurately estimate body weight in beef calves, and that machine learning can further improve the model fit.

A comparison of growth, food efficiency and carcass characteristics of single and twin beef calves derived by embryo transfer

1993 ◽  
Vol 57 (1) ◽  
pp. 81-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. C. Patterson ◽  
R. W. J. Steen ◽  
D. J. Kilpatrick
Keyword(s):  
Initial Period ◽  
Carcass Characteristics ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Twin Plane ◽  
Metabolizable Energy ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Period 2 ◽  
Weight Gains ◽  
Main Period ◽  
Compensation Index

AbstractAn experiment was designed to examine the interaction between birth status and plane of nutrition of calves in relation to postnatal and lifetime performance. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of birth status (single and twin), plane of nutrition from birth to 16 weeks (period 1) and plane of nutrition from 16 weeks to slaughter at a mean live weight of 530·4 (s.e. 0·13) kg (period 2). The planes of nutrition were control and low with metabolizable energy (ME) intakes of 32·1 and 21·4 (s.e. 0·46) MJ/day from birth to 16 weeks, and 73·9 and 64·1 (s.e. 0·95) from 16 weeks until slaughter. The birth weights of the single and twin-born calves were 47·2 and 39·7 (s.e. 0·90) kg respectively. There was no interaction between birth status and plane of nutrition in either main period and by 40 weeks of age the live weights of the twin calves were similar to those of the single-born calves. For period 1 plus period 2 the live-weight gains per unit of ME intake were 12·4 and 13·1 (s.e. 0·28) g/Mf for single and twin-born calves respectively. Although twins had slightly poorer carcass conformation and higher proportion of bone in the carcass, the concentrations of saleable meat and high-priced joints in the carcass were similar. Birth status had no effect on the ultimate pH of muscle. It is concluded that viable twins have similar beef producing potential to single-born calves.The control and low planes of nutrition imposed during the periods from birth to 16 weeks and 16 weeks to slaughter produced live-weight gains of 822 and 573 (s.e. 31·0) g/day, and 857 and 690 (s.e. 12·6) g/day respectively. Calves which had been on the low plane during the initial period had a compensation index of 0·30 by 64 weeks of age. Carcass measurements were not affected by the plane of nutrition during either period. Steers grew faster than heifers, had lower area o/m. longissimus dorsi but less separable fat and more bone in the forerib joint than heifers at equal carcass weight.

Prolonged fasting significantly changes nutrient oxidation and glucose tolerance after a normal mixed meal

2001 ◽  
Vol 90 (1) ◽  
pp. 155-163 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tracy J. Horton ◽  
James O. Hill
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Fat Oxidation ◽  
Negative Energy ◽  
Carbohydrate Oxidation ◽  
Prolonged Fasting ◽  
Mixed Meal ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Postprandial Metabolism ◽  
Prolonged Fast ◽  
G 12

The aim of this study was to establish the experimental paradigm of fasting, followed by refeeding, to investigate individual differences in nutrient partitioning. Eight nonobese men were fed a normal meal (25% of daily energy requirements) on two occasions, after an overnight (13-h) fast and after a prolonged (72-h) fast. During the entire fasting period, subjects were resident in a whole room indirect calorimeter, and blood samples were drawn periodically. Because no other food was consumed over the 12 h after either meal, negative energy balance was observed after the overnight and prolonged fast. Postprandial carbohydrate oxidation was significantly reduced after the 72- vs. 13-h fast ( P < 0.0001), whereas fat oxidation was significantly increased ( P < 0.0001). Interestingly, carbohydrate balance was positive after the prolonged fast but negative after the overnight fast (24 ± 17 vs. −57 ± 16 g/12 h, respectively; P < 0.001), whereas fat balance was negative under both conditions (−78 ± 7 vs. −47 ± 8 g/12 h, respectively; P < 0.002). With 72 h of fasting, the glucose and insulin excursions in response to the mixed meal were significantly greater compared with the 13-h fast ( P < 0.001). In conclusion, prolonged fasting resulted in a significant decrease in carbohydrate oxidation and an increase in fat oxidation, after a normal mixed meal, in healthy men. This was associated with a significant decrease in glucose tolerance. Because circulating free fatty acids were greatly elevated at all times after the prolonged fast, these may be mediating some of the changes in postprandial metabolism.

scholarly journals Effect of variable protein contents in diets containing Phaseolus vulgaris beans on performance, organ weights and blood variables in piglets, rats and chickens

1990 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 755-764 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Huisman ◽  
A. F. B. Van Der Poel ◽  
J. M. V. M. Mouwen ◽  
J. M. V. M. WEERDEN
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Antinutritional Factors ◽  
Live Weight Gain ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Digestible Protein ◽  
Pancreas Weight ◽  
Blood Variables

A comparison was made of the effects of antinutritional factors present in Phaseolus vulgaris on piglets, rats and chickens. Also the hypothesis of whether the negative effect on weight gain due to the inclusion of raw Phaseolus vulgaris in the diet can be attributed to an insufficient supply of amino acids was tested. Test diets containing 200 g raw Phaseolus beans/kg were balanced for digestible protein and amino acids; in one diet extra casein was incorporated. The main response criteria were live-weight gain and the weight of various organs including the intestine. Live-weight gain in piglets was markedly reduced during feeding 200 g raw Phaseolus vulgaris/kg in the diet, but not in rats and chickens. Addition of casein did not improve the weight gain of the piglets, indicating that a toxic factor was responsible for the reduced weight gain and not an insufficient supply of amino acids. The weights of the spleen and thymus were markedly reduced in the piglets when the diets with raw Phaseolus beans were given, but not in the rats and chickens. Additional supply of casein did not change this effect. Indications were found that when the supply of dietary protein is adequate there is no reduction in pancreas weight with raw Phaseolus beans as was observed in previous experiments. The weight of the intestine was increased in all three species due to feeding raw Phaseolus vulgaris.

scholarly journals Breeding beef calves using different feeding technologies

2021 ◽  
Vol 37 ◽  
pp. 00093
Author(s):  
Vladimir Trukhachev ◽  
Serhii Oliinyk ◽  
Vladimir Kozyr ◽  
Nikolay Zlydnev ◽  
Alexey Pokotilo
Keyword(s):  
Beef Cattle ◽  
Arid Regions ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Steppe Zone ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Feeding Technology ◽  
Stavropol Krai

The article presents the findings on the dynamics of the live weight of calves of various breeds in similar climatic conditions in arid regions of the Stavropol Krai of Russia and the steppe zone of Ukraine. It has been established that the live weight of calves of the Hereford, Kazakh white-headed and Kalmyk breeds when raised according to the traditional technology of beef cattle breeding when calves are sucked under cows up to 6-7 months of age, is in relationship with the milk qualities of mothers. At the same time, the live weight of the gray Ukrainian calves was interrelated regarding the live weight at birth and the feeding technology. A positive relationship was shown in the live weight of calves at birth and during their implementation at 15 and 18 months of age. Most effectively animals used pasture fodder in spring and summer. In an arid climate, it is more appropriate to breed specialized cattle belonging to the Hereford breed and then sell them for breeding in other farms in the region.

scholarly journals Beneficial effects of a calf starter versus forage on rumen development and bacteria populations in beef calves

2021 ◽  
Vol 51 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Cándido Enrique Guerra Medina ◽  
Pablo López Gómez ◽  
José de Jesús Maldonado Méndez ◽  
Oziel Dante Montañez Valdez ◽  
José Andrés Reyes Gutiérrez ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Feed Intake ◽  
Volatile Fatty Acids ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Pennisetum Purpureum ◽  
Average Weight ◽  
Illumina Platform ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Bull Calves ◽  
Rumen Development

ABSTRACT: Rumen development depends on the intake of solid food that is fermented into volatile fatty acids that stimulate the development of the rumen papillae in calves. The starter feeding can promote the growth of papillae in the rumen and as a consequence an earlier weaning. We evaluated the effects of calf starter on ruminal development, and productive response of lactating bull calves raised for meat in the tropics. Twelve male Brahman × Swiss American cross beef calves from a dual-purpose system were randomly assigned two treatments with six animals per treatment: milk-fed calves + Taiwan grass (Pennisetum purpureum, MT) and MT + calf starter, (MTS). Feed intake and growth were measured at 7-day intervals throughout until 210 d of age. At 90 days old, three calves from each treatment were harvested, and fluid and ruminal tissues were collected from the cranial, ventral, dorsal, and dorsal blind ruminal sacs for measurements of many papillaes per cm2 (NP), papillae length (LP) and papillae width (WP). Ruminal bacterial genotype identification was determined by amplicon generation with the Illumina platform. Calf starter-improved weight (Live weight, LW) and average weight gain (ADG) and NP, but, LP and WP was similar in both treatments (p < 0.05). In calves with starter feed treatment, we observed the bacteria Desulfonauticus autotrophicus sp. nov.that was not previously reported in ruminants. Use of calf starter showed benefit for calves with improved feed intake and rumen development because promoted a greater number of rumen papillae.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVE PERFORMANCE OF PRE-WEANED CALVES REARED IN THE PANTANAL

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luiz Orcirio Fialho de Oliveira ◽  
Urbano Gomes Pinto de Abreu ◽  
Rodrigo da Costa Gomes ◽  
Ériklis Nogueira ◽  
Juliana Correa Borges Silva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Live Weight ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Low Energy ◽  
Productive Performance ◽  
Early Weaning ◽  
Cattle Breeding ◽  
Beef Calves ◽  
Genetic Groups ◽  
Breeding Farms ◽  
Low Energy Diet

Abstract Early weaning (EW) has been adopted in cattle breeding farms in Pantanal as a strategy to increase the rate of pregnancy in cows. The primary income of these properties is the production of beef calves, and the price of these animals depends on their weight. Therefore, the calves subjected to EW should present weight similar to or higher than those of calves subjected to conventional weaning (CW). This study aimed to evaluate the productive performance of pure (Nellore) calves and crossbred (Nellore/Angus) calves reared in the Pantanal and subjected to either EW or CW. After EW, the calves were supplemented with concentrate at 1 kg/animal/day (low-energy diet) or 1% of live weight (high-energy diet). The weights adjusted to 300 days of age were higher for EW calves fed the high-energy diet (p<0.01) in both genetic groups. No significant differences were observed in the weight of EW animals fed the low-energy diet and CW animals (p>0.01), and animal weight was 241.17 and 236.27 kg in crossbred calves and 184.44 and 189.78 in Nellore calves, respectively. The EW adopted in this experimental model did not affect the productive performance of calves raised in the Pantanal.

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