scholarly journals Effectiveness of Two Plant-Based In-Feed Additives against an Escherichia coli F4 Oral Challenge in Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2024
Author(s):  
Daniel Montoya ◽  
Matilde D’Angelo ◽  
Susana M. Martín-Orúe ◽  
Agustina Rodríguez-Sorrento ◽  
Mireia Saladrigas-García ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Immune Response ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Microbial Analysis

This study evaluates the efficacy of two plant-based feed supplementations to fight colibacillosis in weanlings. A total of 96 piglets (32 pens) were assigned to four diets: a control diet (T1) or supplemented with ZnO (2500 ppm Zn) (T2) or two different plant supplements, T3 (1 kg/t; based on essential oils) and T4 (T3 + 1.5 kg/t based on non-volatile compounds). After one week, animals were challenged with ETEC F4, and 8 days after, one animal per pen was euthanized. Performance, clinical signs, microbial analysis, inflammatory response, intestinal morphology, and ileal gene expression were assessed. ZnO improved daily gains 4 days after challenge, T3 and T4 showing intermediate values (96, 249, 170, and 157 g/d for T1, T2, T3, and T4, p = 0.035). Fecal lactobacilli were higher with T3 and T4 compared to ZnO (7.55, 6.26, 8.71, and 8.27 cfu/gFM; p = 0.0007) and T3 increased the lactobacilli/coliforms ratio (p = 0.002). T4 was associated with lower levels of Pig-MAP (p = 0.07) and increases in villus/crypt ratio (1.49, 1.90, 1.73, and 1.84; p = 0.009). Moreover, T4 was associated with an upregulation of the REG3G gene (p = 0.013; pFDR = 0.228) involved in the immune response induced by enteric pathogens. In conclusion, both plant supplements enhanced animal response in front of an ETEC F4 challenge probably based on different modes of action.

scholarly journals 398 Towards new feeding approaches for optimizing nutritional status, immunity and host-microbiota interactions in neonatal and weaned piglets

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_4) ◽  
pp. 181-181
Author(s):  
Martin Lessard ◽  
Mylène Blais ◽  
Guylaine Talbot ◽  
J Jacques Matte ◽  
Ann Letellier ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Immune System ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
System Development ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Gut Health ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Immune System Development

Abstract Lactation, feeding conditions, microbial interventions and piglet growth in the first few weeks of life have important impact on the intestinal microbiota establishment and immune system development of piglets. Indeed, colostrum and milk contain various bioactive components such as immune factors, antimicrobial peptides and oligosaccharides that contribute to maintain intestinal homeostasis and regulate interactions between microbiota and host immune system. Recent results revealed that low birth weight piglet (LBWP) with poor weight gain during the first two weeks of life develop different intestinal microbiota and immune response profiles compared to high BWP (HBWP) littermates. Consequently, piglets within litters may have different resilience to infections after weaning and benefit from feed additives in a specific manner. A study has been performed to evaluate the potential of bovine colostrum extract (BC) as replacement to plasma proteins for improving gut health and resilience to Salmonella infection in piglets. Results revealed that in weaned piglets fed BC, intestinal microbiota was differently modulated and bacterial dysbiosis induced by Salmonella was restored faster. Moreover, expression of genes involved in innate immunity such as β-defensin-2 and glutathione peroxidase-2 was respectively down- and up-regulated in BC fed piglets. A combination of dietary supplementation with BC, cupper and vitamins A and D has also been tested in LBWP and HBWP, and there is clear evidence that BC in combination with other feed additives promote growth and gut health in both LBWP and HBWP. The porcine intestinal epithelial cell line IPEC-J2 was used to better understand the functional properties of BC. Results indicated that BC improves wound healing, enhances barrier function and modulates the expression of several genes involved in innate immune response. Finally, as microbial intervention, the potential of fecal transplantation to modulate intestinal microbiota and immune system development of piglets is under investigation and will be discussed.

scholarly journals Effect of Carotenoids, Oligosaccharides and Anthocyanins on Growth Performance, Immunological Parameters and Intestinal Morphology in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Csernus ◽  
Sándor Biró ◽  
László Babinszky ◽  
István Komlósi ◽  
András Jávor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 5 ◽  
Relative Mrna Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli Lipopolysaccharide

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of carotenoid, oligosaccharide and anthocyanin supplementation in broiler diets under Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Ross 308 chickens were fed 5 diets: basal diet (control diet), diet supplemented with β-glucan in 0.05% (positive control) and diets with 0.5% carotenoid-, oligosaccharide- or anthocyanin contents. On the 26th days of age, chickens were challenged intraperitoneally 2 mg LPS per kg of body weight. 12 h after injection, birds were euthanized, then spleen and ileum samples were collected. LPS induced increased relative mRNA expression of splenic (p = 0.0445) and ileal (p = 0.0435) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which was lower in the spleen in carotenoid (p = 0.0114), oligosaccharide (p = 0.0497) and anthocyanin (p = 0.0303)-treated chickens compared to LPS-injected control birds. Dietary supplementation of carotenoids also decreased relative gene expression of splenic interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p = 0.0325). In the ileum, β-glucan supplementation showed lower relative mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) (p = 0.0387) compared to anthocyanin treatment. Gene expression of both splenic and ileal interferon-α (IFN-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) were not influenced by dietary supplements. In conclusion, carotenoids, oligosaccharides and anthocyanins could partially mitigate the immune stress caused by LPS challenge. All of the compounds impacted longer villus height (p < 0.0001), villus height:crypt depth ratios were higher after β-glucan (p < 0.0001) and anthocyanin (p = 0.0063) supplementations and thickened mucosa was observed in β-glucan (p < 0.0001), oligosaccharide (p < 0.0001) and anthocyanin (p = 0.048) treatments. All of these findings could represent a more effective absorption of nutrients.

The effect of enterotoxigenic Escherichia coli F4ab,ac on early-weaned piglets: A gene expression study

2013 ◽  
Vol 152 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Schroyen ◽  
B.M. Goddeeris ◽  
A. Stinckens ◽  
R. Verhelst ◽  
S. Janssens ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Enterotoxigenic Escherichia Coli ◽  
Gene Expression Study ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Expression Study

scholarly journals Interleukin gene expression in broiler chickens infected by different Escherichia coli serotypes

2021 ◽  
pp. 2727-2734
Author(s):  
Reham Elnagar ◽  
Rasha Elkenany ◽  
Gamal Younis
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Negative Control Group ◽  
Negative Control ◽  
Control Group ◽  
E Coli ◽  
High Prevalence

Background and Aim: Escherichia coli is the cause of avian colibacillosis, a significant threat to the poultry industry and public health. Thus, this study investigated the prevalence of E. coli in diseased chicken broilers, pathological effects of these bacteria, and interleukin (IL) gene expression of different serotypes of E. coli (O78, O26, O44, and O55) on experimentally infected chickens. Materials and Methods: A total of 295 organ samples (liver, lungs, heart, and spleen) from 59 diseased broiler chickens were used for conventional identification of E. coli. Chickens were orally infected with one of the following E. coli serotypes (O78, O26, O44, or O55) and examined for clinical signs, mortality, macroscopic and microscopic lesions, and IL gene expression using real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction. Results: E. coli was isolated from 53.2% of broiler chicken organs with a high prevalence in lungs (26.1%). The most prevalent serotypes were O78, O26, O44, O55, O157, and O127 prevalence of 27.8, 22.2, 16.7, 16.7, 5.6, and 5.6%, respectively. In the experimental design, five groups (G1-G5) of birds were established. G1 served as the negative control group, while G2-G5 were challenged orally with E. coli O78, O26, O55, or O44, respectively. Chickens infected with E. coli O78 or O26 showed significant clinical signs in comparison to the other infected birds. Mortality (13.3%) was only observed in birds infected with E. coli O78. Necropsy of dead birds after E. coli O78 infection showed pericarditis, enteritis, airsacculitis, and liver and lung congestion. More severe histopathological changes were observed in intestines, spleen, liver, and lung from chickens infected with either E. coli O78 or O26 than for birds infected with other serotypes. On the 2nd day post-infection, E. coli challenge, particularly with E. coli O78, displayed significantly upregulated levels of ileal IL-6 and IL-8, but ileal IL-10 level tended to be downregulated in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: This study assessed the application of cytokines as therapeutic agents against infectious diseases, particularly colibacillosis.

scholarly journals Effects of Forsythia Suspense Extract as an Antibiotics Substitute on Growth Performance, Nutrient Digestibility, Serum Antioxidant Capacity, Fecal Escherichia coli Concentration and Intestinal Morphology of Weaned Piglets

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 729 ◽  
Author(s):  
Long ◽  
Liu ◽  
Liu ◽  
Mahfuz ◽  
Piao
Keyword(s):  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Antioxidant Capacity ◽  
Phase 1 ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Nutrient Digestibility ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Phase 2 ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
E Coli

The aim of this study is to determine the efficiency of Forsythia suspense extract (FSE) as an antibiotics substitute on performance, nutrient digestibility, serum antioxidant capacity, fecal Escherichia coli concentration and intestinal morphology of weaned piglets. A total of 108 Duroc × (Landrace × Yorkshire) weaned piglets (28 days (d) weaned, average body weight of 8.68 ± 1.36 kg) were randomly assigned into three dietary treatments, six pens per treatment, three barrows and three gilts per pen. The treatments contained a corn-soybean meal basal diet (CTR), an antibiotic diet (basal diet + 75 mg/kg chlortetracycline; CTC), and an FSE diet (basal diet + 200 mg/kg FSE; FSE). The experiment included phase 1 (d 1 to 14), phase 2 (d 15 to 28) and phase 3 (d 29 to 35). Compared with CTR, piglets fed FSE show improved (p < 0.05) average daily gain (ADG) and average daily feed intake in phase 2, as well as enhanced (p < 0.05) ADG from day 15 to 35 and day 1 to 28. Piglets supplemented with CTC and FSE showed a reduced (p < 0.05) diarrhea rate in phase 1, while piglets fed FSE showed enhanced (p < 0.05) apparent total tract digestibility (ATTD) of dry matter, organic matter, crude protein and gross energy, as well as lower (p < 0.05) nitrogen output in phase 2 compared with CTR and CTC. The content in the form of Colony-Forming Units (CFUs) of fecal E. coli on day 14 and 28 was lower (p < 0.05) in piglets fed FSE in comparison with CTR. The contents of total antioxidant capacity, superoxide dismutase and catalase in serum are enhanced (p < 0.05) compared with CTR and CTC, whereas the concentration of malondialdehyde in serum was decreased (p < 0.05) for piglets fed FSE on day 28 compared with CTC. The villus height to crypt depth ratio in ileum was numerically higher (p < 0.05) in piglets fed FSE in comparison with CTR. In conclusion, dietary FSE supplementation could substitute CTC in improving antioxidant capacity, nutrients digestibility and reducing fecal E. coli content, so as to reduce nitrogen output and diarrhea rate, and eventually improve performance in weaned piglets.

scholarly journals  Effect of dietary natural supplements on immune response and mineral bioavailability in piglets after weaning

2012 ◽  
Vol 57 (No. 7) ◽  
pp. 332-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Taranu ◽  
D.E. Marin ◽  
A. Untea ◽  
P. Janczyk ◽  
M. Motiu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Sodium Alginate ◽  
Chlorella Vulgaris ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Cytokine Production ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Dietary Sodium ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Liver Concentration

Plants and plant extracts (PPEs) have gained increasing interest as feed additives and possible replacing antibiotics for pig productions. The effects of dietary Chlorella vulgaris (1%), sodium alginate (0.1%), inulin (1.5%), and a mixture of essential oils (0.04%) supplements on immune response, and bioavailability of some micronutrients (iron &minus; Fe, copper &minus; Cu, manganese &minus; Mn, and zinc &minus; Zn) were investigated in weaned piglets in this study. The results showed that the concentration of IgG was increased in the plasma of pigs fed the PPEs supplemented diets being significantly higher (P &lt; 0.05) in the case of dietary sodium alginate supplementation in comparison to the control (6.00 vs. 4.03 mg/ml). In liver, PPEs, especially inulin and essential oils, were able to modulate the level of cytokine production and mineral retention, resulting in higher liver concentration of IL-1&beta; (125.4 and 88.9%), IL-8 (136.9 and 61.3%), TNF-a (296.6 and 121.6%), and IFN-&gamma; (51.2 and 107.28%), Cu (71.31 ppm), and Fe (192.56 ppm) in comparison to the control. The results of this experiment indicate that natural supplements investigated herein, especially inulin, essential oils, and sodium alginate had the ability to potentiate both the immune function and mineral retention during the initial post weaning period. &nbsp; &nbsp;

scholarly journals Effects of a Yeast Product and Psyllium Husk on Colonic Gene Expression and Histopathology, Mesenteric Lymph Node Immune Cells, and Disease Activity Index of Colitis Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 694-694
Author(s):  
Ching-Yen Lin ◽  
Anne Lee ◽  
Karen Chiu ◽  
Andrew Steelman ◽  
Kelly Swanson
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Immune Cells ◽  
Immune Cell ◽  
Activity Index ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Clinical Signs ◽  
Disease Activity Index ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph ◽  
Psyllium Husk ◽  
Yeast Product

Abstract Objectives The beneficial effects of supplementing yeast products in terms of promoting gut health have been demonstrated in several animal species. These benefits include promoting gut integrity, modulating gut microbiota, and positively affecting immune responses. With these benefits, yeast products may be a strategy to relieve clinical signs associated with colitis. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of a yeast product (YP) on colonic gene expression and histopathology, mesenteric lymph node (MLN) immune cells, and disease activity index (DAI) in a dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis model. Psyllium husk (PH), which has been shown to be protective in this model, also was included. Methods Fifty-four 6-week-old male C57BL/6J mice were assigned to: 1) AIN93G diet (control); 2) control diet + 5% YP; or 3) control diet + 5% PH. After 2 wk (d1–14) of diet adaptation, mice were provided with water or water + 3% (wt: vol) DSS for 5 d (d15–19). Body weight, food intake, water intake, and DAI data were recorded daily during the water/DSS treatment period. Mice were euthanized on d 20, followed by tissue collection. Data were analyzed using the Mixed Models procedure of SAS 9.4. Results MLN immune cell populations and colonic histopathology were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by diet. PH mice had greater (P &lt; 0.05) gene expression of Cldn2, Cldn3, Cldn8, and Ocln compared to control mice. DAI, immune cell numbers, colonic histopathology, and colonic gene expression were not affected (P &gt; 0.05) by YP in DSS mice. DSS mice consuming PH had lower (P &lt; 0.05) DAI compared to control or YP mice. Conclusions Results suggest that YP at the dose tested failed to attenuate clinical signs or inflammation associated with colitis. PH, on the other hand, showed protective effects on DSS-induced colitis as reported previously. Funding Sources This research was funded internally.

scholarly journals Lactobacillus delbrueckii Ameliorates Intestinal Integrity and Antioxidant Ability in Weaned Piglets after a Lipopolysaccharide Challenge

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Fengming Chen ◽  
Houjun Wang ◽  
Jiayi Chen ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
Wei Wen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune Response ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Lactobacillus Delbrueckii ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Weaned Piglets ◽  
Villus Height ◽  
Crypt Depth ◽  
Intestinal Integrity

This study was conducted to evaluate the effect of dietary supplementation with Lactobacillus delbrueckii (LAB) on intestinal morphology, barrier function, immune response, and antioxidant capacity in weaned piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide (LPS). A total of 36 two-line crossbred (Landrace × large Yorkshire) weaned piglets (28 days old) were divided into three groups: (1) nonchallenged control (CON); (2) LPS-challenged control (LPS); and (3) LAB+LPS treatment (0.2% LAB+LPS). Compared to the LPS piglets, the LAB+LPS piglets improved intestinal morphology, indicated by greater (P<0.05) villus height in the duodenum and ileum; villus height : crypt depth ratio in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, as well as decreased (P<0.05) crypt depth in the jejunum and ileum; and better intestinal barrier function, indicated by upregulated (P<0.05) mRNA expression of tight junction proteins in the intestinal mucosa. Moreover, compared to the LPS piglets, LAB significantly decreased (P<0.05) concentrations of TNF-α and IL-1β in the small intestine and increased (P<0.05) IL-10 levels in the jejunum and ileum. Additionally, LAB increased (P<0.05) T-AOC activities of the colon, GSH concentrations of the jejunum, and mRNA expression of CAT and Cu/Zn-SOD, while reduced (P<0.05) MDA concentrations in the jejunum and ileum in LPS-changed piglets. Collectively, our results indicate that supplementation of LAB improved intestinal integrity and immune response and alleviated intestinal oxidative damage in LPS-challenged piglets.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document