scholarly journals Effect of Carotenoids, Oligosaccharides and Anthocyanins on Growth Performance, Immunological Parameters and Intestinal Morphology in Broiler Chickens Challenged with Escherichia coli Lipopolysaccharide

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 347 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigitta Csernus ◽  
Sándor Biró ◽  
László Babinszky ◽  
István Komlósi ◽  
András Jávor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Interferon Α ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 5 ◽  
Relative Mrna Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli Lipopolysaccharide

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of carotenoid, oligosaccharide and anthocyanin supplementation in broiler diets under Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge. Ross 308 chickens were fed 5 diets: basal diet (control diet), diet supplemented with β-glucan in 0.05% (positive control) and diets with 0.5% carotenoid-, oligosaccharide- or anthocyanin contents. On the 26th days of age, chickens were challenged intraperitoneally 2 mg LPS per kg of body weight. 12 h after injection, birds were euthanized, then spleen and ileum samples were collected. LPS induced increased relative mRNA expression of splenic (p = 0.0445) and ileal (p = 0.0435) interleukin-1β (IL-1β), which was lower in the spleen in carotenoid (p = 0.0114), oligosaccharide (p = 0.0497) and anthocyanin (p = 0.0303)-treated chickens compared to LPS-injected control birds. Dietary supplementation of carotenoids also decreased relative gene expression of splenic interleukin-6 (IL-6) (p = 0.0325). In the ileum, β-glucan supplementation showed lower relative mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) (p = 0.0387) compared to anthocyanin treatment. Gene expression of both splenic and ileal interferon-α (IFN-α), interferon-γ (IFN-γ), toll-like receptor 4 (TLR-4) and toll-like receptor 5 (TLR-5) were not influenced by dietary supplements. In conclusion, carotenoids, oligosaccharides and anthocyanins could partially mitigate the immune stress caused by LPS challenge. All of the compounds impacted longer villus height (p < 0.0001), villus height:crypt depth ratios were higher after β-glucan (p < 0.0001) and anthocyanin (p = 0.0063) supplementations and thickened mucosa was observed in β-glucan (p < 0.0001), oligosaccharide (p < 0.0001) and anthocyanin (p = 0.048) treatments. All of these findings could represent a more effective absorption of nutrients.

Gene expression of factors related to the immune reaction in response to intramammary Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide challenge

2005 ◽  
Vol 72 (S1) ◽  
pp. 120-124 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rupert M. Bruckmaier
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Acute Phase Proteins ◽  
Platelet Activating Factor ◽  
Milk Proteins ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Mammary Tissue ◽  
Epithelial Tissue ◽  
Lps Challenge

Pathogenic microorganisms invading the mammary gland induce an inflammatory reaction which includes an increase of somatic cells in milk and activation of bacteriostatic enzymes and proteins in milk. During spontaneously occurring subclinical mastitis the somatic milk cells, mainly macrophages, secrete cytokines, eicosanoids, acute phase proteins and other immunomediators. In contrast, the bacteriostatic protein lactoferrin is mainly secreted by mammary epithelial tissue, while major milk proteins like α-lactalbumin and κ-casein are down-regulated already during subclinical infection.Changes of the mRNA expression of various immunomediators in the mammary tissue of cows during 12 h after induction of mastitis via intramammary administration of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in several studies are reported. Six healthy lactating cows were injected in one quarter with 100 μg Escherichia coli-LPS (O26[ratio ]B6) and the contralateral quarter with saline (9 g/l) serving as control. mRNA expression in mammary biopsy samples of various inflammatory factors and milk proteins at 0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h after LPS administration was quantified by real-time reverse transcription-PCR.In LPS-challenged quarters tumour necrosis factor α and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression increased to their highest values (P<0·05) at 3 h after LPS-challenge. Expression of lactoferrin, lysozyme, inducible nitric oxide synthase, and of the apoptotic factors caspase-3, caspase-7 and FAS was elevated (P<0·05) and peaked at 6 h after challenge. No significant increase in mRNA expression of platelet-activating factor acethylhydrolase, 5-lipoxygenase, and insulin-like growth factor 1 was found. None of the parameters tested did change significantly in the control quarters. mRNA expression of major milk proteins did not change significantly in response to the LPS challenge (αS1-casein, αS2-CN, β-CN and β-lactoglobulin) except for α-lactalbumin which decreased (P<0·05) in LPS-treated and control quarters and for κ-CN which decreased in the LPS-treated quarters. In conclusion, mRNA expression of the majority albeit not all inflammatory factors changed within hours of LPS challenge. Decreased gene expression of α-lactalbumin and κ-CN may reduce milk yield and suitability for cheese production.

scholarly journals Signaling by Toll-Like Receptor 2 and 4 Agonists Results in Differential Gene Expression in Murine Macrophages

2001 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 1477-1482 ◽  
Author(s):  
Matthew Hirschfeld ◽  
Janis J. Weis ◽  
Vladimir Toshchakov ◽  
Cindy A. Salkowski ◽  
M. Joshua Cody ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Periodontal Pathogen ◽  
Agonist Activity ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Inflammatory Gene Expression ◽  
Murine Macrophages ◽  
Tlr4 Agonist ◽  
Differential Gene ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 2

ABSTRACT Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) derived from the periodontal pathogenPorphyromonas gingivalis has been reported to differ structurally and functionally from enterobacterial LPS. These studies demonstrate that in contrast to protein-free enterobacterial LPS, a similarly purified preparation of P. gingivalis LPS exhibited potent Toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2), rather than TLR4, agonist activity to elicit gene expression and cytokine secretion in murine macrophages and transfectants. More importantly, TLR2 stimulation by this P. gingivalis LPS preparation resulted in differential expression of a panel of genes that are normally induced in murine macrophages by Escherichia coli LPS. These data suggest that (i) P. gingivalis LPS does not signal through TLR4 and (ii) signaling through TLR2 and through TLR4 differs quantitatively and qualitatively. Our data support the hypothesis that the shared signaling pathways elicited by TLR2 and by TLR4 agonists must diverge in order to account for the distinct patterns of inflammatory gene expression.

Cloning and Characterization of the Murine Toll-like Receptor 5 (Tlr5) Gene: Sequence and mRNA Expression Studies in Salmonella-Susceptible MOLF/Ei Mice

Genomics ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 230-240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Giovanna Sebastiani ◽  
Gary Leveque ◽  
Line Larivière ◽  
Line Laroche ◽  
Emil Skamene ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Gene Sequence ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Expression Studies ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 5

scholarly journals Maternal supplementation of seaweed-derived polysaccharides improves intestinal health and immune status of suckling piglets

2015 ◽  
Vol 4 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. Heim ◽  
J. V. O'Doherty ◽  
C. J. O'Shea ◽  
D. N. Doyle ◽  
A. M. Egan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Dietary Treatment ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Cytokine Gene Expression ◽  
Cytokine Gene ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Nutrient Transporter ◽  
Suckling Piglets ◽  
Small Intestinal ◽  
Weaning Piglets

AbstractThe experiment investigated the effect of maternal dietary supplementation of seaweed-derived polysaccharides (SDP) (–SDPv.+SDP,n   20) from day 83 of gestation until weaning (day 28) on selected sow faeces and piglet digesta microbiota populations, piglet small-intestinal morphology, and intestinal nutrient transporter and inflammatory cytokine gene expression at birth, 48 h after birth and weaning. The effect of maternal dietary treatment on the piglet gene expression profile of inflammatory cytokines in the colon following a lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge was also investigated. Dietary SDP reduced sow faecal Enterobacteriaceae gene numbers at parturition. Small-intestinal morphology, nutrient transporter and cytokine gene expression in newborn piglets did not differ between maternal dietary treatments (P > 0·10). At 48 h after birth, sodium–glucose-linked transporter 1 gene expression was down-regulated in the ileum of piglets suckling the SDP-supplemented sows compared with those suckling the basal sows (P = 0·050). There was a SDP × LPS challenge interaction onIL-1andIL-6gene expression in the colon of piglets (P < 0·05). The gene expression ofIL-1andIL-6was down-regulated in the LPS-challenged colon of piglets suckling the SDP sows compared with those suckling the basal sows (P < 0·05). However, there was no difference inIL-1andIL-6gene expression in the unchallenged colon between treatment groups. At weaning, piglets suckling the SDP-supplemented sows had increased villus height in the jejunum and ileum compared with those suckling the basal-fed sows (P < 0·05). In conclusion, maternal dietary SDP supplementation enhanced the immune response of suckling piglets and improved gut morphology, making them more immune competent to deal with post-weaning adversities.

scholarly journals Asparagine attenuates hepatic injury caused by lipopolysaccharide in weaned piglets associated with modulation of Toll-like receptor 4 and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein signalling and their negative regulators

2015 ◽  
Vol 114 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-201 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huanting Wu ◽  
Yulan Liu ◽  
Dingan Pi ◽  
Weibo Leng ◽  
Huiling Zhu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Nucleotide Binding ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Negative Regulators ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Signalling Molecules ◽  
Lps Challenge ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Domain Protein

Pro-inflammatory cytokines play a key role in many models of hepatic damage. In addition, asparagine (Asn) plays an important role in immune function. We aimed to investigate whether Asn could attenuate lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced liver damage. Forty-eight castrated barrows were allotted to four groups including: (1) non-challenged control; (2) LPS-challenged control; (3) LPS+0·5 % Asn; and (4) LPS+1·0 % Asn. After 19 d feeding with control, 0·5 or 1·0 % Asn diets, pigs were injected with LPS or saline. Blood and liver samples were obtained at 4 h (early stage) and 24 h (late stage) post-injection. Asn alleviated liver injury, indicated by reduced serum aspartate aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase activities linearly and quadratically; it increased claudin-1 protein expression linearly and quadratically at 24 h, and less severe liver morphological impairment at 4 or 24 h. In addition, Asn decreased mRNA expression of TNF-α and heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) linearly and quadratically at 4 h; it increased TNF-α mRNA expression, and HSP70 protein expression linearly and quadratically at 24 h. Moreover, Asn increased inducible NO synthase activity linearly and quadratically. Finally, Asn down-regulated the mRNA expression of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) signalling molecules (TLR4, IL-1 receptor-associated kinase 1 (IRAK1), TNF-α receptor-associated factor 6), nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain protein (NOD) signalling molecules (NOD1, NOD2 and their adaptor molecule receptor-interacting serine/threonine-protein kinase 2 (RIPK2)), and NF-κB p65 linearly or quadratically at 4 h. Oppositely, Asn up-regulated mRNA expressions of TLR4 and NOD signalling molecules (TLR4, myeloid differentiation factor 88, IRAK1, NOD2 and RIPK2), and their negative regulators (radioprotective 105, single Ig IL-1R-related molecule, Erbb2 interacting protein and centaurin β1) linearly or quadratically at 24 h. These results indicate that, in early and late stages of LPS challenge, Asn improves liver integrity and exerts different regulatory effects on mRNA expression of TLR4 and NOD signalling molecules.

scholarly journals Forsythiaside attenuates Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide-induced liver acute inflammatory response in chicken

2019 ◽  
Vol 17 ◽  
pp. 205873921982679 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jingwen Bai ◽  
Xiaoting Wang ◽  
Meiqi Hao ◽  
He Li ◽  
Guangdong Cheng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Escherichia Coli ◽  
Inflammatory Response ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Acute Inflammatory Response ◽  
Total Proteins ◽  
Necrosis Factor Alpha ◽  
Escherichia Coli Lipopolysaccharide

This study investigated the effects of forsythiaside on the acute inflammatory response induced by Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in liver of broiler chickens. Fifteen-day-old chickens were randomly assigned to three groups (n = 20 for each group, orally treated with 0, 30, or 60 mg/kg BW of forsythiaside) for 7 days. At 21 days of age, the chickens were intravenously injected with either LPS (200 μg/kg BW) or sterile saline (200 μg/kg BW, control group). All the chickens were humanely euthanized by cervical dislocation 2 h after the LPS injection. The results showed that the injection of LPS induced some indexes, including total proteins, nitric oxide (NO), interleukin-1beta (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-17 (IL-17) production ( P < 0.05) and increased the mRNA expression of LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-alpha (LITAF), IL-1β, IL-17, IL-6, and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) ( P < 0.05). Forsythiaside supplementation alleviated the LPS-induced inflammatory response by inhibiting the production of total proteins, NO, LITAF, IL-1β, IL-17, and IL-6 and down-regulating the mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines and iNOS. In conclusion, forsythiaside is a potential treatment for LPS-induced liver acute inflammation in chicken.

The Feature of CD3-zeta Chain Gene Expression in Mononuclear Cells without and with Stimulation by Different Factors from Umbilical Cord Blood.

Blood ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 110 (11) ◽  
pp. 3870-3870
Author(s):  
Shaohua Chen ◽  
Yangqiu Li ◽  
Lijian Yang ◽  
Si Chen
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
T Cells ◽  
Cord Blood ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Umbilical Cord ◽  
Umbilical Cord Blood ◽  
Healthy Adults ◽  
Expression Level ◽  
Mrna Expression Level ◽  
Relative Mrna Expression

Abstract CD3 zeta gene is required for efficient TCR expression and plays a central role in the signal-transducing events leading to T and NK-cell activation and proliferation. Umbilical cord blood (UCB) has been used successfully as a source of allogeneic transplantation and UCB T cells have showed capacity for production the specific CTL by tumor associated antigen ex vivo. In order to investigate the feature of CD3 zeta gene expression pattern in cord blood, UCB T cell without or with stimulation by different stimulators, including PHA, IL-2, CD3 monoclonal antibody (McAb), CD28 McAb + IL-2 and PML-RARα peptide) were used to analyze. By using Real-Time PCR with SYBR Green I technique, the expression level of CD3 zeta gene was analyzed in T-cells from 60 cases of UCB before and after T-cells culture at different time points (5–20days), β2-microglobulin gene was used as an endogenous reference. The relative mRNA expression level of CD3 zeta gene was used by the 2- ΔCt method. According to melting curve, polymorphism of nucleotide sequence was determined by PCR products direct sequencing. 60 cases healthy adults served as controls. The results showed that CD3 zeta gene was expressed in all cases from both UCB and healthy adults. The mean value 6.7%±5.56% of relative mRNA expression level of CD3 zeta gene was found in 60 UCB cases, the expression level under 1.0% was detected in 4 cases, over 10% in 14 cases and a high expression of 25.53% only in one case. In contrast, 3.1%±2.23% of relative mRNA expression level of CD3 zeta gene was detected in 60 cases healthy adults. The expression of the CD3 ζ gene from the healthy adults is more concentrated and the highest expression is only 9.34%. Compare with the healthy adults, a significant higher expression of CD3 zeta gene was found from UCB (P=0.000). Polymorphism and mutation of CD3 zeta gene were not identified by sequence analysis in both UCB and healthy samples. For the culture cells, CD3 zeta gene expression level in initial culture (5–10days) was increased after different stimulation. A higher expression lever was found in combined CD3 MCAb + CD28 McAb with or without PML-RARα peptide than in stimulation with PHA or IL-2 alone. The CD3 zeta gene expression lever in UCB T cells induced by combined PML-RARα peptide was 6.37 times as much as unstimulated cells at 10 days, whereas the CD3 zeta gene expression lever in UCB T cells stimulated by IL-2, CD3 McAb plus CD28 McAb was 5.83 times higher than that from un-stimulated cells. However, when the duration of T cells culture was prolonged, the expression of CD3 zeta was gradually reduced in all groups after 10 days. In conclusion, this is to our knowledge, the first description of CD3 zeta gene expression in UCB. Our data suggest that a higher expression of CD3 zeta gene could be found in UCB than in adult peripheral blood, and up-regulation of CD3 zeta gene can also be achieved after stimulation with PHA, IL-2, CD3 McAb + CD28 McAb + IL-2 with or without PML-RARα peptide, respectively. In addition, combined CD3 McAb + CD28 McAb with/without PML-RARα peptide showed a significantly higher capacity for promoting proliferation. The down-expression of CD3 zeta in cultured T cells after 10 days remains an open question.

scholarly journals Medium-chain TAG improve intestinal integrity by suppressing toll-like receptor 4, nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain proteins and necroptosis signalling in weanling piglets challenged with lipopolysaccharide

2018 ◽  
Vol 119 (9) ◽  
pp. 1019-1028 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiao Xu ◽  
Shaokui Chen ◽  
Haibo Wang ◽  
Zhixiao Tu ◽  
Shuhui Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Nucleotide Binding ◽  
Intestinal Morphology ◽  
Toll Like Receptor ◽  
Toll Like Receptor 4 ◽  
Medium Chain ◽  
Intestinal Integrity ◽  
Weanling Piglets ◽  
Maize Oil

AbstractThis study was conducted to evaluate whether medium-chain TAG (MCT) could alleviate Escherichia coli lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced intestinal injury by regulating intestinal epithelial inflammatory response, as well as necroptosis. A total of twenty-four weanling piglets were randomly allotted to one of four treatments in a 2×2 factorial arrangement including diet type (5 % maize oil v. 4 % MCT+1 % maize oil) and immune stress (saline v. E. coli LPS). The piglets were fed diets containing maize oil or MCT for 21 d. On 21 d, piglets were injected intraperitoneally with saline or LPS. The blood and intestinal samples were collected at 4 h post injection. Supplementation with MCT improved intestinal morphology, digestive and barrier function, indicated by increased jejunal villus height, increased jejunal and ileal disaccharidases (sucrase and maltase) activities, as well as enhanced protein expression of claudin-1. Furthermore, the protein expression of heat-shock protein 70 in jejunum and the concentration of TNF-α in plasma were reduced in the piglets fed diets supplemented with MCT. In addition, MCT down-regulated the mRNA expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nucleotide-binding oligomerisation domain proteins (NOD) signalling-related genes in jejunum and ileum. Finally, MCT inhibited jejunal and ileal enterocyte necroptosis indicated by suppressed mRNA expression of the receptor-interacting protein 3 and mixed-lineage kinase domain-like protein. These results indicate that MCT supplementation may be closely related to inhibition of TLR4, NOD and necroptosis signalling pathways and concomitant improvement of intestinal integrity under an inflammatory condition.

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