scholarly journals Effects of Olive (Olea europaea L.) Leaves with Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation and Methane Emission

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2008
Author(s):  
Shin Ja Lee ◽  
Hyun Sang Kim ◽  
Jun Sik Eom ◽  
You Young Choi ◽  
Seong Uk Jo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Antimicrobial Activities ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Prevotella Ruminicola ◽  
Degrading Bacteria

We evaluated whether olive leaves (OLs) are effective as feed additives and supplements for ruminants and the potential methane reduction effects during in vitro fermentation. Two Hanwoo cows (460 ± 20 kg) equipped with cannula were fed Timothy hay and corn-based feed 3% of the body weight at a ratio of 6:4 (8:30 a.m. and 5:00 p.m.). Ruminal fluid from the cows was collected and mixed before morning feeding. In vitro batch fermentation was monitored after 12 and 24 h of incubation at 39 °C, and OLs were used as supplements to achieve the concentration of 5% in the basal diet. At 12 h of fermentation, methane production decreased in the 5% OLs group compared to that in the control group, but not at 24 h. The proportion of cellulose-degrading bacteria, Fibrobacter succinogenes, Ruminococcus albus, and Ruminococcus flavefaciens, tended to increase in the 5% OLs group at 12 h. The amount of ammonia produced was the same as the polymerase chain reaction result for Prevotella ruminicola. At 12 h, the proportion of Prevotella ruminicola was significantly higher in the 5% OLs group. OLs may be used incorporated with protein byproducts or other methane-reducing agents in animal feed.

scholarly journals Administration of garlic and neem in broiler diet for safe meat production

2020 ◽  
Vol 48 (2) ◽  
pp. 116-126
Author(s):  
R Islam ◽  
MM Hossain ◽  
F Nargis ◽  
ME Hossain
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Meat Production ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Broiler Production

This study was conducted to observe the effect of different administration method of garlic and neem on growth performances, feed efficiency and serum biochemical parameters for safe broiler production. The experiment was done for a period of 32 days with 384 one-day-old straight run broiler chicks. The broiler chicks were divided into six groups each of 64 birds and replicated to four subgroups each of 16 birds. The dietary groups were; control (basal diet; no additives), antibiotic (basal diet + antibiotic), garlic in feed (basal diet + 0.25% garlic powder), garlic in water (basal diet + garlic extracts), neem in feed (basal diet + 0.25% neem powder) and neem in water (basal diet + neem extracts). Results showed that the body weight and body weight gain increased significantly (P<0.05) in both the garlic and neem groups compared to the control group. Feed intake was not different (P>0.05) among the treatment groups. Garlic in feed and water and neem in feed groups showed better FCR (P<0.05) compared to the other treatment groups. There were no significant (P>0.05) difference in meat yield, bone development and dressing parameters except head and gizzard in different dietary groups. Supplementation of garlic with feed and water significantly (P<0.05) decrease cholesterol, triglyceride and LDL compared to the other groups. However, both the garlic and neem groups showed numerically higher HDL compare to the control group. There were no 0significant (P>0.05) differences in serum glucose and GPT among different treatment groups. GOT was significantly (P<0.05) lower in neem groups than that of garlic and antibiotic groups. Additive groups showed higher profitability than control group. Based on the results of the study, it may be suggested that the garlic and neem could be used both in feed and water as potential feed additives for safe broiler production. Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2019. 48 (2): 116-126

scholarly journals 44 Effect of Quebracho (Schinopsis balansae) extract inclusion in a high roughage diet upon in vitro gas production

2020 ◽  
Vol 98 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 53-54
Author(s):  
Luiz Fernando Dias Batista ◽  
Madeline E Rivera ◽  
Aaron B Norris ◽  
Jordan Adams ◽  
Roberta Cracco ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Condensed Tannin ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Gas Production ◽  
Random Coefficients ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Ch4 Production ◽  
In Vitro Gas Production ◽  
Schinopsis Balansae

Abstract The utilization of natural plant secondary compounds as feed additives in animal nutrition has been extensively studied because of their ability to modify digestive and metabolic functions. Condensed tannin (CT) supplementation can potentially alter ruminal fermentation, and mitigate methane (CH4) emissions. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of quebracho CT extract (QT; Schinopsis balansae) within a roughage-based diet on overall fermentability and CH4 production utilizing the in vitro gas production technique (IVGP). Twenty rumen cannulated steers (227 ± 19 kg) were randomly assigned to four dietary treatments (n=4): QT at 0, 1, 2, and 3% of DM (QT0, QT1, QT2, and QT3). A roughage-based diet containing 88% bermudagrass hay and 12% concentrate was fed daily at 2.1% of shrunk body weight. The animals were adapted to the basal diet for 24-d then introduced to predetermined treatments for 35d. Rumen inoculum was collected weekly from each steer to perform the incubations. Two hundred milligrams of air-dried base diet were incubated for 48-h with a composite rumen inoculum for each treatment over 5 wk. Kinetic analysis of cumulative 48h gas production was performed using Gasfit. Measurements of CH4 were performed via gas chromatography and digested residue was determined post-incubation. Data were analyzed using a random coefficients model. Total gas production was higher for QT0 compared to QT1 and QT3 (P = 0.001), but not different from QT2 (P = 0.554). The fractional rate of gas production was higher for QT2 compared to QT0 (P = 0.011). First and second pool gas production decreased linearly as QT inclusion increased (P = 0.042 and 0.010, respectively). There was no dietary effect in ivNDFD (P = 0.567). However, there was a linear tendency to decrease CH4 production with the addition of QT (P=0.071) likely due to changes in the microbial population.

scholarly journals Impact of Zinc and/or Herbal Mixture on Ruminal Fermentation, Microbiota, and Histopathology in Lambs

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Petrič ◽  
Dominika Mravčáková ◽  
Katarína Kucková ◽  
Svetlana Kišidayová ◽  
Adam Cieslak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Basal Diet ◽  
Medicinal Herbs ◽  
Morphological Observation ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Artemisia Absinthium ◽  
Herbal Mixture ◽  
Organic Zinc

We investigated the effect of diets containing organic zinc and a mixture of medicinal herbs on ruminal microbial fermentation and histopathology in lambs. Twenty-eight lambs were divided into four groups: unsupplemented animals (Control), animals supplemented with organic zinc (Zn, 70 mg Zn/kg diet), animals supplemented with a mixture of dry medicinal herbs (Herbs, 100 g dry matter (DM)/d) and animals supplemented with both zinc and herbs (Zn+Herbs). Each lamb was fed a basal diet composed of meadow hay (700 g DM/d) and barley (300 g DM/d). The herbs Fumaria officinalis L. (FO), Malva sylvestris L. (MS), Artemisia absinthium L. (AA) and Matricaria chamomilla L. (MC) were mixed in equal proportions. The lambs were slaughtered after 70 d. The ruminal contents were used to determine the parameters of fermentation in vitro and in vivo and to quantify the microbes by molecular and microscopic methods. Samples of fresh ruminal tissue were used for histopathological evaluation. Quantitative analyses of the bioactive compounds in FO, MS, AA, and MC identified 3.961, 0.654, 6.482, and 12.084 g/kg DM phenolic acids and 12.211, 6.479, 0.349, and 2.442 g/kg DM flavonoids, respectively. The alkaloid content in FO was 6.015 g/kg DM. The diets affected the levels of total gas, methane and n-butyrate in vitro (P &lt; 0.046, &lt; 0.001, and &lt; 0.001, respectively). Relative quantification by real-time PCR indicated a lower total ruminal bacterial population in the lambs in the Zn and Zn+Herbs groups than the Control group (P &lt; 0.05). The relative abundances of Ruminococcus albus, R. flavefaciens, Streptococcus bovis, and Butyrivibrio proteoclasticus shifted in the Zn group. Morphological observation found a focally mixed infiltration of inflammatory cells in the lamina propria of the rumen in the Zn+Herbs group. The effect of the organic zinc and the herbal mixture on the parameters of ruminal fermentation in vitro was not confirmed in vivo, perhaps because the ruminal microbiota of the lambs adapted to the zinc-supplemented diets. Long-term supplementation of a diet combining zinc and medicinal herbs, however, may negatively affect the health of the ruminal epithelium of lambs.

scholarly journals Effects of Dietary Chicory (Chicorium intybus L.) and Probiotic Blend as Natural Feed Additives on Performance Traits, Blood Biochemistry, and Gut Microbiota of Broiler Chickens

Antibiotics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohammadreza Khoobani ◽  
Seyyed-Hamed Hasheminezhad ◽  
Faramin Javandel ◽  
Mehran Nosrati ◽  
Alireza Seidavi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Blood Biochemical ◽  
Randomized Design

The experiment was designed to determine the effect of different levels of chicory (Chicorium intybus L.) powder and a probiotic blend (PrimaLac®) on productive performance, blood biochemical parameters, and ileal microbiota in broiler chickens. A total of 225 one-day-old broilers (Ross 308) were used in a completely randomized design with five experimental diets as follows: 1—basal-diet without supplements (control-group); 2—basal-diet including probiotic blend; 3— basal-diet including 0.10% chicory; 4—basal-diet including 0.15% chicory; 5—basal-diet including 0.20% chicory. At 42 days of age, representative birds per replicate were randomly selected for blood samples and carcass measurements. Results showed that the body weight gain of broilers fed the probiotic blend or 0.10% chicory was significantly (P < 0.05) higher than those fed on the other treatments. The abdominal fat pad was significantly (P < 0.05) lower in birds fed diets including chicory compared with control or probiotic. Blood triglycerides and LDL levels were reduced (P < 0.05) and HDL increased (P < 0.05) when fed probiotic or chicory whereas no significant effect on the other serum parameters was found. Broiler ileal microflora from the control group had significantly (P < 0.05) higher count of E. coli and lower Lactobacillus than those from the other groups. From findings, it is possible to conclude that dietary chicory powder supported positively growth performance and improved gut microbiota in broiler chickens. However, more research is needed on this subject to better understand the mode of action of feed additives used.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Commercial Prebiotic GOS and FOS Products on Human Colonic Caco–2 Cells

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 1281
Author(s):  
Geraldine M. Flaujac Lafontaine ◽  
Neville M. Fish ◽  
Ian F. Connerton
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Prebiotic Oligosaccharides ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
Colonic Cells

Prebiotic oligosaccharides are widely used as human and animal feed additives for their beneficial effects on the gut microbiota. However, there are limited data to assess the direct effect of such functional foods on the transcriptome of intestinal epithelial cells. The purpose of this study is to describe the differential transcriptomes and cellular pathways of colonic cells directly exposed to galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS). We have examined the differential gene expression of polarized Caco–2 cells treated with GOS or FOS products and their respective mock-treated cells using mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 89 significant differentially expressed genes were identified between GOS and mock-treated groups. For FOS treatment, a reduced number of 12 significant genes were observed to be differentially expressed relative to the control group. KEGG and gene ontology functional analysis revealed that genes up-regulated in the presence of GOS were involved in digestion and absorption processes, fatty acids and steroids metabolism, potential antimicrobial proteins, energy-dependent and -independent transmembrane trafficking of solutes and amino acids. Using our data, we have established complementary non-prebiotic modes of action for these frequently used dietary fibers.

scholarly journals In Vitro Evaluation of the Effects of Prebiotics GOS and FOS on Human Colonic Caco–2 Cells

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Geraldine Lafontaine ◽  
Neville Fish ◽  
Ian Connerton
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Differentially Expressed ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Intestinal Epithelial ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Prebiotic Oligosaccharides ◽  
Energy Dependent ◽  
Colonic Cells

Prebiotic oligosaccharides are widely used as human and animal feed additives for their beneficial effects on the gut microbiota. However, there are limited data to assess the direct effect of such functional foods on the transcriptome of intestinal epithelial cells. The purpose of this study is to describe the differential transcriptomes and cellular pathways of colonic cells directly exposed to galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) and fructo-oligosaccharides (FOS). We have examined the differential gene expression of polarized Caco-2 cells treated with GOS or FOS and their respective mock-treated cells using mRNA sequencing (RNA-seq). A total of 89 significant differentially expressed genes were identified between GOS and mock-treated groups. For FOS treatment, a reduced number of 12 significant genes were observed to be differentially expressed relative to the control group. KEGG and Gene Ontology functional analysis revealed that genes up-regulated in the presence of GOS were involved in digestion and absorption processes, fatty acids and steroids metabolism, potential antimicrobial proteins, energy-dependent and -independent transmembrane trafficking of solutes and amino acids. Using our data, we have established complementary non-prebiotic modes of action for these frequently used dietary fibers.

scholarly journals Effects of High-Forage Diets Containing Raw Flaxseeds or Soybean on In Vitro Ruminal Fermentation, Gas Emission, and Microbial Profile

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 2304
Author(s):  
Xiao-Ge Sun ◽  
Yue Wang ◽  
Tian Xie ◽  
Zhan-Tao Yang ◽  
Ji-Dong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Basal Diet ◽  
The Other ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Ruminal Fermentation ◽  
Gas Emission ◽  
Microbial Profile ◽  
High Forage ◽  
Forage Diets

Lipid metabolism plays an important role in the energy economy of ruminants. However, its interactions of fat, rumen fermentation, gas emission, and microorganisms are not yet clear. This study evaluated the effect of adding raw oilseeds to high-forage diets on in vitro ruminal fermentation, gas composition, and microbial profile. Three isoenergetic and isoproteic experimental diets were designed and used as fermentation substrate: control treatment (CON group) was the basal diet lacking oilseeds, the other two treatments were the basal diet supplemented by 100 g/kg dry matter (DM) raw whole soybean (S group) and 50 g/kg DM raw flaxseed (F group), respectively. Data showed that the acetate, butyrate, and total VFA concentration of culture fluids in the S group were lower (p < 0.05) than in the F group. There was a tendency to a higher level (p = 0.094) of propionate concentration in the F group compared with the other two groups. The gas production in the F group was higher (p < 0.05) than in the control group. There was a lower abundance of Sutterella (p < 0.05) and a greater abundance of Butyrivibrio (p < 0.05) in both of the two oilseed treatments. Methanobrevibacter (p = 0.078) in the F group was the lowest. Our results suggested that CH4 emission could be inhibited with flaxseed supplementation by propionate production metabolism, biohydrogenation of unsaturated fatty acid (FA), and toxicity to Methanobrevibacter, while regarding soybean seed supplementation, the emission of CH4 was more likely to be reduced through biohydrogenation of unsaturated FA modulated by Butyrivibrio.

scholarly journals CHLORELLA SUSPENSION IN PIGS’ RATIONS

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-42
Author(s):  
O. Karunskyi ◽  
Т. Voroniuk ◽  
М. Madani
Keyword(s):  
Amino Acids ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Feed Additive ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Large White ◽  
Experimental Group

The article covers addition of chlorella suspension, its effect on nitrogen balance, digestibility of nutrients and amino acids, pig productivity. Various feed additives, micro-element mixtures, and vitamins are used in animal nutrition to deal with the deficiency ofcertain vitamins and mineral elements in the rations. The peculiarity of chlorella suspension as a feed additive is in the ability to cultivate it throughout the whole year and in the availability of optimized technologies for its cultivation and use. Chlorella suspension is rich in proteins, minerals, vitamins, fatty acids and fiber. Introduction of chlorella suspension into pigs’ diets has helped to increase the digestibility coefficients of both inessential (by 7.5 %) and essential (by 2 %) amino acids. Feeding the animals with chlorella suspension has also resulted in the release of nitrogen retained in animals’ bodies by 13 % compared to the control group. The additional use of chlorella suspension in the diet of fattening pigs (large white) was found to increase the average daily gain by 21.9% compared to the control group which did not receive chlorella suspension. The conversion of animal feed to obtain 1 kg of live weight gain in the control group was 5.1 kg, in the experimental group - 4.2 kg, and the conversion rate of feed in the experimental group was higher by 21.4 %.Feeding young pigs with chlorella suspension increases the digestibility of protein by 4.5 %, fiber by 2.0 %, fat - 0.7 %, essential amino acids - 81.6 %. The introduction of chlorella suspension to pig rations leads to an increase in the level of nitrogen in their body by 54.7 %of that taken with feed and 69.15 % of that digested in the body. Pork production profitably using chlorella suspension stood at 12.3 % , which is more by 87,8 % compared to the control group.

scholarly journals The effect of additives with essential oils on the productivity of young pigs

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 92-95
Author(s):  
K. M. Syrovatko ◽  
V. S. Vuhliar
Keyword(s):  
Animal Feed ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Daily Weight Gain ◽  
Soluble Carbohydrates ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Natural Plant ◽  
Young Pigs ◽  
Plant Components

Modern feed additives based on natural plant components are increasingly used as an alternative to synthetic antibiotics in animal nutrition. Phytobiotics are natural plant components that are increasingly gaining demand for use in ready-to-eat animal feed and provide proper health and microflora of the body. A scientific and economic experiment was conducted in order to determine their effect on the productivity of young pigs. We composed three groups of analogues each comprising 12 individuals, which were formed in a 15-day equalization period. According to the results of the study on the use of a new feed factor protein-vitamin-mineral supplement Efiprot in the diets of young pigs, a positive effect was observed on increase in the average daily weight gain by 4.1% and 7.1% compared with the control group. There was also seen a better absorption of nutrients in the diet compared with the control indicator. During inclusions of essential oil in the diet of the pigs, we observed an increase in the digestibility of nutrients: in particular, the level of digestibility of dry and organic matter increased in the second and third experimental groups, as well as digestible protein and digestibility of crude fat was better in the first experimental group than in the control group. During the study, there was a tendency towards better breakdown of sparingly soluble carbohydrates under the action of feed additives compared with the control indicator. Thus, the use of protein-vitamin-mineral supplement during the rearing of young pigs not only increased the efficiency of their rearing, but also led to better digestion and maintenance of the microflora of the gastrointestinal tract.

Local mineral feed additives in the rations of steers of Hereford breed

2020 ◽  
pp. 28-39
Author(s):  
M. Grigoryev ◽  
N. Chernogradskaya
Keyword(s):  
Economic Effect ◽  
Live Weight ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
The Body ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Mineral Salts ◽  
Meat Productivity ◽  
Experimental Group ◽  
Mineral Feed Additives

Animals imported to Yakutia from other regions fall into feeding and housing conditions that differ from their usual agro-climatic conditions, which causes the problem of their adaptation. Yakutia is one of the areas where the feed of its own production has a lack of basic minerals, which affects the health and productivity of animals, which has an additional negative influence on the adaptation process of imported cattle. In order to replenish macro- and microelements in the body, it is necessary to introduce various local mineral feed additives, premixes, and use mineral salts into the ration. Under the conditions of Central Yakutia the influence of local mineral feed additives (zeolite of the Khonguruu Deposit in the Suntar district and sapropels of local lakes) containing macro- and microelements that increase the meat productivity of steers has been studied. As a result of the research the influence of local mineral feed additives on meat productivity and physiological condition of Hereford steers has been established. Influence of zeolite and sapropel in a complex with mineral salts on digestibility of nutrients of the ration and use of nitrogen, calcium and phosphorus by experimental animals has been defined. The influence of feed additives on the quality of meat products has been studied. The results have shown that the use of local mineral feed additives in the composition of ration of steers during the fattening period at a dose of 0,7 g zeolite per 1 kg of live weight of the animal and 200 g of sapropel in combination with 10 g of mineral salts contributed to the gain in live weight, carcass weight, carcass yield, yield of edible parts, and economic efficiency of fattening. For the entire period of the experiment the gain in live weight in groups was: in control group 2222,9 kg, in the 1st experimental group 2396,2 kg, in the 2nd experimental group 2471,1 kg. The total economic effect for the 1st experimental group for the period of experiment amounted to 44,3 thousand Rubles, for the 2nd experimental group 78,0 thousand Rubles or per 1 head/day 14,06 and 24,76 Rubles, respectively.

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