scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis-Based Probiotic Improves Skeletal Health and Immunity in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Sha Jiang ◽  
Fei-Fei Yan ◽  
Jia-Ying Hu ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed ◽  
Heng-Wei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
And Performance

The elevation of ambient temperature beyond the thermoneutral zone leads to heat stress, which is a growing health and welfare issue for homeothermic animals aiming to maintain relatively constant reproducibility and survivability. Particularly, global warming over the past decades has resulted in more hot days with more intense, frequent, and long-lasting heat waves, resulting in a global surge in animals suffering from heat stress. Heat stress causes pathophysiological changes in animals, increasing stress sensitivity and immunosuppression, consequently leading to increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and related neuroinflammation. Probiotics, as well as prebiotics and synbiotics, have been used to prevent or reduce stress-induced negative effects on physiological and behavioral homeostasis in humans and various animals. The current data indicate dietary supplementation with a Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic has similar functions in poultry. This review highlights the recent findings on the effects of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis on skeletal health of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. It provides insights to aid in the development of practical strategies for improving health and performance in poultry.

scholarly journals Splenic Gene Expression Signatures in Slow-Growing Chickens Stimulated in Ovo with Galactooligosaccharides and Challenged with Heat

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Pietrzak ◽  
Aleksandra Dunislawska ◽  
Maria Siwek ◽  
Marco Zampiga ◽  
Federico Sirri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Resistance To Heat

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) that are delivered in ovo improve intestinal microbiota composition and mitigate the negative effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. Hubbard hybrids are slow-growing chickens with a high resistance to heat. In this paper, we determined the impact of GOS delivered in ovo on slow-growing chickens that are challenged with heat. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. On day 12 of incubation, GOS (3.5 mg/egg) was delivered into the egg (n = 300). Controls (C) were mock-injected with physiological saline (n = 300). After hatching, the GOS and C groups were split into thermal groups: thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS). HS (30 °C) lasted for 14 days (days 36–50 post-hatching). The spleen (n = 8) was sampled after acute (8.5 h) and chronic (14 days) HS. The gene expression of immune-related (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IL-17) and stress-related genes (HSP25, HSP90AA1, BAG3, CAT, and SOD) was detected with RT-qPCR. Chronic HS up-regulated the expression of the genes: IL-10, IL-12p40, SOD (p < 0.05), and CAT (p < 0.01). GOS delivered in ovo down-regulated IL-4 (acute p < 0.001; chronic p < 0.01), IL-12p40, CAT and SOD (chronic p < 0.05). The obtained results suggest that slow-growing hybrids are resistant to acute heat and tolerant to chronic heat, which can be supported with in ovo GOS administration.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 Supplementation Attenuates the Effects of Clostridium perfringens Challenge on the Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Bortoluzzi ◽  
Bruno Serpa Vieira ◽  
Juliano Cesar de Paula Dorigam ◽  
Anita Menconi ◽  
Adebayo Sokale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Infected Control

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 (probiotic) on the performance and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens infected with Clostridium perfringens (CP). One-day-old broiler chickens were assigned to 3 treatments with 8 replicate pens (50 birds/pen). The treatments were: non-infected control; infected control; and infected supplemented with probiotic (1 × 106 CFU/g of feed). On day of hatch, all birds were sprayed with a coccidia vaccine based on the manufacturer recommended dosage. On d 18–20 the infected birds were inoculated with CP via feed. Necrotic enteritis (NE) lesion score was performed on d 21. Digestive tract of 2 birds/pen was collected on d 21 to analyze the ileal and cecal microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing. Performance was evaluated on d 28 and 42. On d 21, probiotic supplementation reduced (p < 0.001) the severity of NE related lesion versus infected control birds. On d 28, feed efficiency was improved (p < 0.001) in birds supplemented with probiotic versus infected control birds. On d 42, body weight gain (BW gain) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p < 0.001) in probiotic supplemented birds versus infected control birds. The diversity, composition and predictive function of the intestinal microbial digesta changed with the infection but the supplementation of probiotic reduced these variations. Therefore, dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 was beneficial in attenuating the negative effects of CP challenge on the performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers chickens.

scholarly journals Effects of feeding Bacillus subtilis to heat stressed broiler chickens with or without an antibiotic growth promoter

2015 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 80-88 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bibek Chandra Roy ◽  
Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury ◽  
SM Lutful Kabir
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Weight Gain ◽  
Feed Intake ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Improved Performance

The effects of feeding probiotic (PB) with or without Lincomycin 2.2% (AGP) were investigated in broiler chickens during summer. Seven hundred Cobb-500 one day old straight run broiler chicks were randomly distributed into four dietary treatments each of five replications. Four diets were compared: control; control diet plus PB (Bacillus subtilis DSM17299) at a level of 50g/100kg; control plus (AGP) at a level of 15g/100kg and control plus a combination of PB and AGP (50gm/100kg and 15g/100kg respectively). Control birds were fed on a corn-soybean based starter mash that contained ME 3000 kcal/kg and CP 24.39% from 0-21 days of age and a corn-soybean based grower mash of ME 3100 kcal/kg and CP 20.43% during 22-35 days of age. The records were kept of feed intake (FI), body weight and mortality while weight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and survivability were calculated. Temperature and humidity were recorded four times daily except during extreme heat stress when measurements were made more frequently. One bird that was close to average of pen weight was taken from each replication at the end of the trial and the birds were sacrificed to determine carcass characteristics. Both performance and carcass yield data were statistically analyzed. Birds that received PB and a combination of PB +AGP treatments showed significant differences (P<0.01) from control with respect to body weight gain and FCR while feeding AGP alone although showed a decrease in feed intake. Abdominal fat was significantly (P<0.01) reduced in PB treated birds. Higher mortality was encountered in control group. Both PB alone and a combination of AGP treatments were able to show improved performance and reduced mortality, feeding PB alone may be practiced on the combined grounds of improved performance, efficiency in combating heat stress and to discourage the use of AGP in broiler diet.Asian J. Med. Biol. Res. June 2015, 1(1): 80-88

scholarly journals Kaolin treatments on Pinot noir grapevines for the control of heat stress damages

2019 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 04004 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tommaso Frioni ◽  
Sergio Tombesi ◽  
Elisa Luciani ◽  
Paolo Sabbatini ◽  
Julian G. Berrios ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Physiological Processes ◽  
Stress Symptoms ◽  
Severe Water Stress ◽  
June July ◽  
Maximum Air Temperature

The aim of the study was to verify if vineyard kaolin application during the 2017 hot summer could reduce the negative effects of high temperatures and heat stress on canopy physiological processes, yield and fruit quality. The kaolin was applied once at the beginning of August, at 3% concentration, in a Pinot Noir vineyard. The application was performed only to the west side of the rows, where the vines were more subjected to heat stress. The 2017 summer was very hot, with maximum air temperature higher than 35 °C for several consecutive days in June, July and August and with heat waves that reached 42.3 °C in August. The kaolin coating works by significantly reducing leaf temperatures in comparison to untreated vines, with an average of about − 4 °C and up to −6 °C. Moreover, it maintains high the photosynthetic activity preventing irreversible photoinhibition phenomena, whereas untreated vines exhibit a marked physiological damage with chlorotic and necrotic leaves, dehydrated berries and sunburn damages. At harvest, 30-35% of the untreated vines were affected by severe water stress symptoms and produced unmarketable fruits. In comparison to the untreated vines, those sprayed with kaolin showed a higher yield (+27%), higher anthocyanins (+35%) and higher concentration of organic acids (+11%)

scholarly journals Altlık Materyalinin Etlik Piliçlerin Refah ve Performansı Üzerine Etkisi

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (12) ◽  
pp. 1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
Serpil Gençoğlan ◽  
Cafer Gençoğlan
Keyword(s):  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Economic Losses ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ammonia Content ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Water Holding ◽  
Moisture Increase ◽  
The Ideal

The aim of this study is to review the quality and types of the litter material and its effect on the welfare and performance of the broiler chickens. Since the most suitable broiler rearing system is on the littered floor, the litter material is of great importance. Demand for litter material is also increasing, depending on the development in broiler production. Straws, wood shavings, and sawdust are widely used as litters material. Beside these, materials such as wheat, barley, rye, oats, sunflower, rice, hazelnut, maize, soya, peanut, cotton and sugarcane are used purely or mixed as a litters material. The quality of the litter is determined with the litter moisture, pH, ammonium nitrate content, caking level and water holding capacity. The ideal litter material should have a moisture content of 20-25%, a pH of 8-10, and ammonia content should not exceed 25 ppm. The thickness of the litter changes between 2 and 10 cm according to the type of the litter, and size of it should not exceed 0.6 cm. Increase in the litter moisture increases pH, NH3 concentration and caking. The type of litter material effects on the performance, welfare, health, behavior and product quality of broiler chickens. In addition, there are negative effects of litter materials on carcass defects, foot-leg problems, breast blisters or bruises, decrease in living power, and increase of microorganism development due to litter moisture, increase of gas and dust formation in poultry. These adverse effects cause large economic losses in intensive enterprises. For this reason, the quality and type of litter material is very important in broiler rearing.

Influence of dietary vitamin E and zinc on performance, oxidative stability and some blood measures of broiler chickens reared under heat stress (35 °C)

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Hosseini-Mansoub ◽  
Saeid Chekani-Azar ◽  
Ali Tehrani ◽  
Alireza Lotfi ◽  
Mostaan Manesh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Influence of dietary vitamin E and zinc on performance, oxidative stability and some blood measures of broiler chickens reared under heat stress (35 °C)This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E (αTA; dL-α-Tocopheryl acetate) and zinc (Zn; ZnCl2) on performance, oxidative stability and some blood measures of broiler chickens under normal and hot temperatures. One hundred sixty 10-day-old male chicks were assigned to four groups in four replicates. The birds received two diets, control and enriched with two levels of vitamin E and Zn (100 and 50 mg/kg of diet, respectively) under two ambient temperatures (22 °C and 35 °C). Although the diets enriched with the antioxidant vitamin and element compared with un-enriched diets resulted in the better performance of the birds, significant differences were related to temperature conditions, as the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the highest body weight (BW) were observed in the group fed the enriched diet under normal temperature. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA), cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG), glucose (G), total protein (TP), and hematocrit and heterophil: lymphocyte ratio levels were significantly lower in birds reared under 22 °C compared with the group under 35 °C but the hematocrit was not significantly lower in groups fed enriched diets and exposed to normal conditions (P>0.05). It was concluded that a combination of 100 mg of vitamin E and 50 mg of Zn provides the better performance and the least blood C and TG levels accompanying the better oxidative stability in male broilers under normal temperature (22 °C) and that this combination can be considered as a protective strategy in broiler diets for reducing the negative effects of heat stress.

scholarly journals Perspective Chapter: Using Feed Additives to Eliminate Harmful Effects of Heat Stress in Broiler Nutrition

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
László Babinszky ◽  
Csaba Szabó ◽  
Márta Horváth
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Production ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Agricultural Industry ◽  
Ambient Temperatures ◽  
Acute Heat Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Parameters

Global warming is one of the major challenges for mankind, with animal breeding one of the most affected sectors in the agricultural industry. High ambient temperatures negatively affect all domestic animals. While it is true that pork and dairy production suffer the consequences of heat waves, it is actually the poultry industry which is hit the hardest by the heat stress poultry must endure due to hotter weather. Consequently, we have a fundamental interest in reducing and/or eliminating the negative effects of climate change, i.e. prolonged high ambient temperatures. The aim of this chapter is to present the adverse effects of heat stress on energy metabolism, anti- and pro-oxidant capacity and production in birds. A further goal is to show how various feed additives (e.g. vitamin A, C and E, selenium, zinc, betaine, plant extract, and probiotics) can reduce the negative effects of heat stress. Based on the large number of recent scientific findings, the following conclusions were drawn: Using fat in the diet (up to 5%) can reduce heat production in livestock. Vitamins (e.g. A, E and C) are capable of reacting with free radicals. Vitamin E and Vitamin C, Zn, and Se supplementation improved antioxidant parameters. Antioxidant potential of vitamins and micro minerals is more efficient in combination under heat stress in poultry nutrition. Plant extracts (e.g. oregano) could decrease the negative effects of heat stress on antioxidant enzyme activity due to its antioxidant constituents. Betaine reduces heat production in animals at high ambient temperatures. While acute heat stress induces a drop in feed intake, with the resulting increased nutrient demand leading to weight loss, if heat stress is prolonged, adaptation will occur. Probiotics and vitamins (C and E) seem to be the most effective means to reduce the negative effects of heat stress.

scholarly journals Effects of Nano Emulsified Vegetable Oil and Betaine on Growth Traits and Meat Characteristics of Broiler Chickens Reared under Cyclic Heat Stress

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1911
Author(s):  
Alaeldein M. Abudabos ◽  
Gamaleldin M. Suliman ◽  
Abdullah N. Al-Owaimer ◽  
Ali R. Al Sulaiman ◽  
Abdulrahman S. Alharthi
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vegetable Oil ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Growth Traits ◽  
Average Daily Gain ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Cyclic Heat ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Dietary Treatments ◽  
Environmental Temperatures

The effects of nano-emulsified vegetable oil (NEVO) and betaine (BET) supplements on growth performance and meat qualities of broilers reared under cyclic heat stress (HS) were investigated. Two hundred and eighty-eight mixed-sex broilers at 21 d were randomly distributed to a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments formed by two environmental temperatures (thermoneutral (TN; 24 ± 1 °C) and cyclic high-temperature (HT; 35 ± 1 °C)) and three dietary treatments (control (CON), NEVO, and BET). The cumulative performance (21–35 d) revealed a reduction in average daily gain (ADG) (p < 0.05) in the CON compared to NEVO. NEVO and BET groups had a better feed conversion ratio (FCR) and performance efficiency factor (PEF) compared with the CON (p < 0.001, p < 0.01, respectively). The environmental temperature affected daily feed intake (DFI), ADG, FCR, and PEF. The addition of BET improved breast fillets yield, temperature, pH15min, and pH24hr (p < 0.05) in comparison with the CON. Moreover, the TN group had lower fillet temperature and higher pH15min compared to the HT. Moreover, HT increased shear force (SF), hardness, springiness, cohesiveness, and chewiness of the fillets compared to TN. In conclusion, dietary supplementation with BET and NEVO could effectively improve performance parameters and meat characteristics under HS conditions.

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