scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 Supplementation Attenuates the Effects of Clostridium perfringens Challenge on the Growth Performance and Intestinal Microbiota of Broiler Chickens

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 71 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cristiano Bortoluzzi ◽  
Bruno Serpa Vieira ◽  
Juliano Cesar de Paula Dorigam ◽  
Anita Menconi ◽  
Adebayo Sokale ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Infected Control

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 (probiotic) on the performance and intestinal microbiota of broiler chickens infected with Clostridium perfringens (CP). One-day-old broiler chickens were assigned to 3 treatments with 8 replicate pens (50 birds/pen). The treatments were: non-infected control; infected control; and infected supplemented with probiotic (1 × 106 CFU/g of feed). On day of hatch, all birds were sprayed with a coccidia vaccine based on the manufacturer recommended dosage. On d 18–20 the infected birds were inoculated with CP via feed. Necrotic enteritis (NE) lesion score was performed on d 21. Digestive tract of 2 birds/pen was collected on d 21 to analyze the ileal and cecal microbiota by 16S rRNA sequencing. Performance was evaluated on d 28 and 42. On d 21, probiotic supplementation reduced (p < 0.001) the severity of NE related lesion versus infected control birds. On d 28, feed efficiency was improved (p < 0.001) in birds supplemented with probiotic versus infected control birds. On d 42, body weight gain (BW gain) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were improved (p < 0.001) in probiotic supplemented birds versus infected control birds. The diversity, composition and predictive function of the intestinal microbial digesta changed with the infection but the supplementation of probiotic reduced these variations. Therefore, dietary supplementation of Bacillus subtilis DSM 32315 was beneficial in attenuating the negative effects of CP challenge on the performance and intestinal microbiota of broilers chickens.

scholarly journals Supplementing Garlic Nanohydrogel Optimized Growth, Gastrointestinal Integrity and Economics and Ameliorated Necrotic Enteritis in Broiler Chickens Using a Clostridium perfringens Challenge Model

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 2027
Author(s):  
Doaa Ibrahim ◽  
Tamer Ahmed Ismail ◽  
Eman Khalifa ◽  
Shaimaa A. Abd El-Kader ◽  
Dalia Ibrahim Mohamed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Economic Benefits ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Intestinal Lesion

Necrotic enteritis (NE) caused by Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) results in impaired bird growth performance and increased production costs. Nanotechnology application in the poultry industry to control NE outbreaks is still not completely clarified. Therefore, the efficacy of dietary garlic nano-hydrogel (G-NHG) on broilers growth performance, intestinal integrity, economic returns and its potency to alleviate C. perfringens levels using NE challenge model were addressed. A total of 1200 male broiler chicks (Ross 308) were assigned into six groups; four supplemented with 100, 200, 300 or 400 mg of G-NHG/kg diet and co-challenged with C. perfringens at 21, 22 and 23 d of age and two control groups fed basal diet with or without C. perfringens challenge. Over the total growing period, the 400 mg/kg G-NHG group had the most improved body weight gain and feed conversion efficiency regardless of challenge. Parallel with these results, the mRNA expression of genes encoding digestive enzymes (alpha 2A amylase (AMY2A), pancreatic lipase (PNLIP) and cholecystokinin (CCK)) and intestinal barriers (junctional adhesion molecule-2 (JAM-2), occludin and mucin-2 (Muc-2)) were increased in groups fed G-NHG at higher levels to be nearly similar to those in the unchallenged group. At 14 d post challenge, real-time PCR results revealed that inclusion of G-NHG led to a dose-dependently decrease in the C. perfringens population, thereby decreasing the birds’ intestinal lesion score and mortality rates. Using 400 mg/kg of G-NHG remarkably ameliorated the adverse effects of NE caused by C. perfringens challenge, which contributed to better growth performance of challenged birds with rational economic benefits.

scholarly journals The effects of Pediococcus acidilactici and Saccharomyces cerevisiae on broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens induced subclinical necrotic enteritis

2021 ◽  
Vol 91 (4) ◽  
pp. 389-397
Author(s):  
Rachid Merati ◽  
◽  
Ali Alaa Abdel-Fattah Mohamed ◽  
Zahra Berrama ◽  
Hebib Aggad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Saccharomyces Cerevisiae ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Pediococcus Acidilactici ◽  
Lesion Score ◽  
Feed Conversion

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of Pediococcus acidilactici (P. acidilactici) and Saccharomyces cerevisiae (S. cerevisiae) on the growth performance, intestinal lesions and ileal Clostridium perfringens (C. perfringens) count of broiler chickens challenged with C. perfringens induced sub-clinical necrotic enteritis (NE). A total of 150 broiler chicks, allocated into five treatment groups (6 replicates of 5 chicks/cage), were reared in cages for 29 days: T0 (control group, not infected, not supplemented); T1 (infected with C. perfringens, not supplemented); T2 (infected with C. perfringens and coccidia, not supplemented); T3 (infected with C. perfringens and coccidia, supplemented with P. acidilactici); T4 (infected with C. perfringens and coccidia, supplemented with S. cerevisiae). The parameters analyzed were: body weight gain, feed intake, feed conversion ratio, mortality, intestinal lesion score and ileal C. perfringens enumeration by quantitative real-time PCR. The challenge resulted in impairment of growth performance, increased lesion score (≤ 2) and overgrowth of the C. perfringens population. However, the dietary inclusion of P. acidilactici or S. cerevisiae caused a significant improvement in feed conversion, net reduction of gut lesions, as well as a decrease in the intestinal C. perfringens population. In conclusion, these results suggest that dietary supplementation with probiotics (P. acidilactici or S. cerevisiae) could be beneficial to alleviate the negative effects of subclinical NE in broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Effects of Turmeric Powder on Clostridium Perfringens Load in Broiler Chickens

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 209-218
Author(s):  
MZ Ali ◽  
MM Islam ◽  
S Zaman
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Economic Problem ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Growth Promoter ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Control Groups ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Environment Control

Necrotic enteritis (NE) is a major economic problem in broiler industry globally and is caused by Clostridium perfringens. The aim of the study was to know the effects of turmeric on C. perfringens in broiler chickens. A total of 3000-day-old Cobb 500 broiler chicks were divided into 6 groups and reared in environment control sheds with similar management. Each group contains 500 chicks and again divided into two subgroups as control and treatment with 250 chicks. In treatment groups added 2gm/kg turmeric powder with basal feeds and reared up to 30 days and follow standard vaccine schedule. Intestinal samples were collected every week from each group to detect C. perfringens load. Bodyweight gain, feed conversion ratio (FCR) and mortality rates were also calculated. The findings were loads of C. perfringens in treatment groups decreased significantly compared to control groups. At 4th week average count of C. perfringens was 4.44±0.12 log CFU/g and 2.68±0.17 log CFU/g in control and treatment groups, respectively. Average chick’s mortality decreased significantly in treatment groups. The flock mortality was decreased significantly in treatment groups (1.40%) compared to control groups (2.17%). The FCR become significantly decreased in treatment groups (1.490) compared to control groups (1.571). Therefore, use of turmeric powder in broiler ration can reduce NE by decreasing C. perfringens loads and it could be a good source of non-antibiotic growth promoter in poultry towards reduce antibiotic resistance and consumer will get a pathogen free rich protein source. SAARC J. Agri., 18(1): 209-218 (2020)

scholarly journals Effect of Dietary Modulation of Selenium Form and Level on Performance, Tissue Retention, Quality of Frozen Stored Meat and Gene Expression of Antioxidant Status in Ross Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Doaa Ibrahim ◽  
Asmaa T.Y. Kishawy ◽  
Safaa I. Khater ◽  
Ahmed Hamed Arisha ◽  
Haiam A. Mohammed ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Frozen Storage ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Dietary Supplementation ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Fresh State

This study compares between different selenium forms (sodium selenite; SeS, selenomethionine; Met-Se or nano-Se) and levels on growth performance, Se retention, antioxidative potential of fresh and frozen meat, and genes related to oxidative stress in Ross broilers. Birds (n = 450) were randomly divided into nine experimental groups with five replicates in each and were fed diets supplemented with 0.3, 0.45, and 0.6 mg Se/kg as (SeS, Met-Se), or nano-Se. For overall growth performance, dietary inclusion of Met-Se or nano-Se significantly increased (p < 0.05) body weight gain and improved the feed conversion ratio of Ross broiler chicks at the level of 0.45 and 0.6 mg/kg when compared with the group fed the same level of SeS. Se sources and levels significantly affected (p < 0.05) its concentrations in breast muscle, liver, and serum. Moreover, Se retention in muscle was higher (p < 0.05) after feeding of broiler chicks on a diet supplemented with Met-Se or nano-Se compared to the SeS group, especially at 0.6 mg/kg. Additionally, higher dietary levels from Met-Se or nano-Se significantly reduced oxidative changes in breast and thigh meat in the fresh state and after a four-week storage period and increased muscular pH after 24 h of slaughter. Also, broiler’s meat in the Met-Se and nano-Se groups showed cooking loss and lower drip compared to the SeS group (p < 0.05). In the liver, the mRNA expression levels of glutathione peroxidase, superoxide dismutase, and catalase were elevated by increasing dietary Se levels from Met-Se and nano-Se groups up to 0.6 mg/kg when compared with SeS. Therefore, dietary supplementation with 0.6 mg/kg Met-Se and nano-Se improved growth performance and were more efficiently retained than with SeS. Both sources of selenium (Met-Se and nano-Se) downregulated the oxidation processes of meat during the first four weeks of frozen storage, especially in thigh meat, compared with an inorganic source. Finally, dietary supplementation of Met-Se and nano-Se produced acceptable Se levels in chicken meat offered for consumers.

Dietary resin acid composition as a performance enhancer for broiler chickens

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Kettunen ◽  
E. van Eerden ◽  
K. Lipiński ◽  
T. Rinttilä ◽  
E. Valkonen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Acid Composition ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Bacterial Species ◽  
Resin Acid ◽  
The Body ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Feed Conversion

SummaryResin acid composition (RAC) has previously been shown to inhibit the growth of the Gram-positive bacterial species Clostridium perfringens in vitro and to modulate the ileal microbiota of broiler chickens. The following trials examined the effect of RAC on broiler chickens in two experiments. In experiment 1, 1400 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers were divided into two coccidiostat treatments: chemical (CC) and ionophore (IC), which were further divided into two RAC dosages: 0 and 0.5 g/kg. All diets were supplemented with xylanase, β-glucanase and phytase feed enzymes. The birds were raised in a commercial-type environment without additional microbial challenge during the 42-day trial. RAC improved the body weight gain by 3.3% and feed conversion ratio by 5.7% with CC, and improved footpad lesion scores with IC but had no effect on the litter quality. Experiment 2 was a 35-day subclinical necrotic enteritis (NE) challenge trial with 510 male Ross 308 chickens. The dietary treatments included a non-challenged, non-supplemented control and four NE challenged treatments with dietary RAC supplementation at 0, 1, 2, and 3 g/kg. The birds were challenged with Eimeria maxima on day nine and C. perfringens on day 14. While RAC at 1 g/kg significantly increased bird weight gain during the challenge, it did not affect the microbial or short chain fatty acid (SCFA) profiles. In contrast, RAC at 3 g/kg reduced the abundance of the Lactobacillus group and tended to reduce the abundance of genus Bifidobacterium and the total numbers of eubacteria. These experiments suggest that dietary RAC at a moderate dose positively affected broiler performance. However, changes in caecal microbiota populations may not have influenced the observed performance effects of RAC.

scholarly journals Deepoxy-deoxynivalenol (DOM-1), a derivate of deoxynivalenol (DON), exhibits less toxicity on intestinal barrier function, Campylobacter jejuni colonization and translocation in broiler chickens

Gut Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Daniel Ruhnau ◽  
Claudia Hess ◽  
Barbara Doupovec ◽  
Bertrand Grenier ◽  
Dian Schatzmayr ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Weight ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Conversion Ratio ◽  
Feed Conversion Ratio ◽  
Intestinal Barrier Function ◽  
Epoxide Ring ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects

Abstract Background Intestinal epithelial cells are challenged by mycotoxins and many bacterial pathogens. It was previously shown that the mycotoxin deoxynivalenol (DON) as well as Campylobacter (C.) jejuni have a negative impact on gut integrity. Recently, it was demonstrated that DON increased the load of C. jejuni in the gut and inner organs. Based on this finding, it was hypothesized the DON metabolite (deepoxy-deoxynivalenol, DOM-1) should be able to reduce the negative effects of DON on colonization and translocation of C. jejuni in broilers, since it lacks the epoxide ring, which is responsible for the toxicity of DON. Methods A total of 180 broiler chickens were housed in floor pens on wood shavings with feed and water provided ad libitum. Birds were divided into six groups (n = 30 with 5 replicates/group): 1. Control, 2. DOM-1, 3. DON, 4. DOM-1 + C. jejuni, 5. DON + C. jejuni, 6. C. jejuni. At day 14, birds of groups 4, 5 and 6 were orally inoculated via feeding tube (gavage) with 1-ml of a PBS suspension containing 1 × 108 CFU of C. jejuni NCTC 12744. The performance parameters: body weight (BW), body weight gain (BWG), and feed intake of the birds were determined. At 7, 14, and 21 days post infection, samples from liver, spleen, duodenum, jejunum and cecum were aseptically collected and processed for bacteriological investigations. Finally, at each killing time point, segments of duodenum, jejunum and cecum were harvested and prepared for Ussing chamber studies to measure the paracellular mannitol fluxes. Results A significant decrease in body weight was observed for chickens receiving the DON diet with or without C. jejuni compared to the other groups. Furthermore, it was found that the co-exposure of birds to DON and C. jejuni resulted in a higher C. jejuni load not only in the gut but also in liver and spleen due to increased paracellular permeability of the duodenum, jejunum and cecum. On the contrary, DOM-1 supplementation in the feed improved the birds’ performance and led to a better feed conversion ratio throughout the trial. Furthermore, DOM-1 did not negatively affect gut permeability and decreased the C. jejuni counts in the intestine and internal organs. Conclusion Altogether, the presence of DOM-1 in the feed as a result of the enzymatic biotransformation of DON leads to a lower C. jejuni count in the intestine and better feed conversion ratio. Moreover, this study demonstrates that the detoxification product of DON, DOM-1, does not have negative effects on the gastrointestinal tract and reduces the Campylobacter burden in chickens and also the risk for human infection.

scholarly journals Oral immunization of broilers with chitosan nano-encapsulated extracellular and cell wall proteins of necrotic enteritis-induced Clostridium perfringens

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nour Muinis Ramadan ◽  
Gabriel Akerele ◽  
Sankar Renu ◽  
Gourapura Renukaradhya ◽  
Ramesh Selvaraj
Keyword(s):  
Cell Wall ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Neutralizing Antibodies ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Oral Immunization ◽  
Extracellular Proteins ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Cell Wall Proteins ◽  
Feed Conversion

AbstractCurrently, there is no commercial vaccine to control Clostridium perfringens (CP) or necrotic enteritis – a clinically and economically devastating disease. Two chitosan-nanoparticle encapsulated CP (CNP-CP) vaccines using extracellular proteins (ECP) and cell wall proteins (CWP) were synthesized: a CNP-CP ECP + CWP vaccine (SC vaccine) and a CNP-CP ECP + CWP surface-adsorbed CWP vaccine (SCC vaccine). The experiment comprised a complete randomized design of 3 treatments replicated 5 times: SC, SCC and nonimmunized control. Broilers orally gavaged with SC or SCC vaccine were primed and boosted with 70μg dose at 3- and 14-days post-hatch (dph). SDS-PAGE analysis revealed bands at 54.7 and 84.7 kDa in the ECP and 17 bands for CWP fraction. There were no differences in body weight gain, feed conversion ratio and mortality rate between treatments. At 17dph, serum of birds in the SC and SCC groups had higher neutralizing antibodies (P<0.01) compared to the control group. At 17dph, there was an increase in bile anti-ECP IgA levels in the SC vaccinated birds and a non-significant increase in SCC vaccinated birds compared to control. At 17dph, bile specific anti-CP CWP IgA levels were greater (P<0.05) in both immunized groups compared to control. At 17 and 21dph, serum anti-ECP and anti-CP CWP IgY levels in SC and SCC birds were comparable to the control. At 21dph, CD4+/CD8+ T-cell ratio in SC and SCC vaccinated groups were elevated (P ≤ 0.01) compared to control. At 17dph, SC and SCC vaccinated birds had a significant reduction (P ≤ 0.001) in α-toxin levels in caecal contents compared to control. Caecal α-toxin levels remained reduced at 21dph (P < 0.05) in SC birds and numerically reduced in SCC vaccinated birds compared to control. Jejunal CP load in SCC birds was significantly reduced by 1.4 Log10 copy numbers of CP/g compared to control and no differences were observed in liver CP load between immunized and non-immunized birds. SC and SCC immunization did not alter TNF-α, IL-10, iNOS, IL-6 or IL-17 mRNA expression. At 17 and 21dph, SC and SCC immunized birds demonstrated greater sera bactericidal activity compared to control. CNP-SC and CNP-SCC immunization induced specific immune response against C. perfringens and reduced CP colonization via oral route of administration.

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis PB6 improves intestinal health of broiler chickens challenged with Clostridium perfringens-induced necrotic enteritis

2013 ◽  
Vol 92 (2) ◽  
pp. 370-374 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathishkumar Jayaraman ◽  
Gokila Thangavel ◽  
Hannah Kurian ◽  
Ravichandran Mani ◽  
Rajalekshmi Mukkalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Necrotic Enteritis ◽  
Intestinal Health

scholarly journals Effect of Feed Additives as Alternatives to In-feed Antimicrobials on Production Performance and Intestinal Clostridium perfringens Counts in Broiler Chickens

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 240 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silje Granstad ◽  
Anja B. Kristoffersen ◽  
Sylvie L. Benestad ◽  
Siri K. Sjurseth ◽  
Bruce David ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clostridium Perfringens ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Probiotic Strain ◽  
Feed Additives ◽  
Production Performance ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Active Components ◽  
Eimeria Spp

Numerous non-antibiotic feed additives (alternatives to antibiotics, ATAs) have been marketed, but few have been evaluated under uniform testing conditions modelling commercial flocks. We compared 24 ATA treatments and the ionophorous coccidiostat narasin against a diet without any feed additives. Feed conversion ratio and body weight gain were registered from day 0 to 28 in Ross 308 chickens housed on litter floor. The chickens were challenged with Eimeria spp., and cecal Clostridium perfringens (CP) counts were investigated. Active components from all ATA classes had a positive impact on intestinal health or production performance. Whereas narasin had a strong CP-reducing effect in combination with performance-promoting impact, only two ATA treatments achieved significantly beneficial effects on CP counts as well as feed conversion during the time span following Eimeria challenge. Active components present in these two treatments include a Bacillus subtilis probiotic strain, short- and medium-chain fatty acids and Saccharomyces cerevisiae components. Different ATA classes had beneficial impact during distinct rearing phases and on specific performance targets, suggesting that optimizing combinations and use of active components can make ATAs even more useful tools in broiler rearing without the use of in-feed antimicrobials. Further studies of promising ATAs and ATA combinations are required.

scholarly journals Comparison of growth performance and immune responses of broiler chicks reared under heat stress, cold stress and thermoneutral conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Olfati ◽  
Ali Mojtahedin ◽  
Tayebeh Sadeghi ◽  
Mohsen Akbari ◽  
Felipe Martínez-Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Humoral Immune

This study was conducted to compare the effects of thermal stress on growth performance and some immunity variables of broiler chickens. Birds were randomly assigned to one of three thermal treatments as follows: cold stress (CS, 12±1°C), (b) heat stress (HS, 33±3 °C) and (c) thermoneutral (TN, 24±2 °C). Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), water intake (WI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. In order to evaluate the primary and secondary humoral immune responses, two birds per replicate were intravenously administrated with a suspension of 7% sheep red blood cell (SRBC) at 28 and 35 days. The heat-stressed broiler chickens had lower FI (-14.90%), BWG (-25.71%) and higher FCR (+13.06%) in comparison to broiler chickens reared under TN condition (p<0.001) from 1 to 42 days of age. The cold-stressed broiler chickens showed lower FI (-22.05%), BWG (-38.32%) and higher FCR (+22.47%) in comparison to birds reared under TN conditions (p<0.001). Stressed birds (CS and HS) showed decreased antibody titer against SRBC, lymphocyte count and the relative weights of lymphoid organs and increased heterophil count, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio and the serum concentration of corticosterone, in comparison to birds in TN group (p<0.001). In conclusion, HS and CS conditions have similar negative effects on performance and immunity of broiler chickens.

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