Chromium picolinate can ameliorate the negative effects of heat stress and enhance performance, carcass and meat traits in broiler chickens by reducing the circulatory cortisol level

2007 ◽  
Vol 88 (5) ◽  
pp. 787-796 ◽  
Author(s):  
Saikat Samanta ◽  
Sudipto Haldar ◽  
Vijay Bahadur ◽  
Tapan K Ghosh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Cortisol Level ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Negative Effects

scholarly journals Bacillus subtilis-Based Probiotic Improves Skeletal Health and Immunity in Broiler Chickens Exposed to Heat Stress

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1494
Author(s):  
Sha Jiang ◽  
Fei-Fei Yan ◽  
Jia-Ying Hu ◽  
Ahmed Mohammed ◽  
Heng-Wei Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Bacillus Subtilis ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Heat Waves ◽  
Stress Sensitivity ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Skeletal Health ◽  
Welfare Issue ◽  
And Performance

The elevation of ambient temperature beyond the thermoneutral zone leads to heat stress, which is a growing health and welfare issue for homeothermic animals aiming to maintain relatively constant reproducibility and survivability. Particularly, global warming over the past decades has resulted in more hot days with more intense, frequent, and long-lasting heat waves, resulting in a global surge in animals suffering from heat stress. Heat stress causes pathophysiological changes in animals, increasing stress sensitivity and immunosuppression, consequently leading to increased intestinal permeability (leaky gut) and related neuroinflammation. Probiotics, as well as prebiotics and synbiotics, have been used to prevent or reduce stress-induced negative effects on physiological and behavioral homeostasis in humans and various animals. The current data indicate dietary supplementation with a Bacillus subtilis-based probiotic has similar functions in poultry. This review highlights the recent findings on the effects of the probiotic Bacillus subtilis on skeletal health of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress. It provides insights to aid in the development of practical strategies for improving health and performance in poultry.

scholarly journals Splenic Gene Expression Signatures in Slow-Growing Chickens Stimulated in Ovo with Galactooligosaccharides and Challenged with Heat

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 474 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elzbieta Pietrzak ◽  
Aleksandra Dunislawska ◽  
Maria Siwek ◽  
Marco Zampiga ◽  
Federico Sirri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Expression ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Physiological Saline ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
In Ovo ◽  
Stress Related Genes ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Slow Growing ◽  
Resistance To Heat

Galactooligosaccharides (GOS) that are delivered in ovo improve intestinal microbiota composition and mitigate the negative effects of heat stress in broiler chickens. Hubbard hybrids are slow-growing chickens with a high resistance to heat. In this paper, we determined the impact of GOS delivered in ovo on slow-growing chickens that are challenged with heat. The experiment was a 2 × 2 × 2 factorial design. On day 12 of incubation, GOS (3.5 mg/egg) was delivered into the egg (n = 300). Controls (C) were mock-injected with physiological saline (n = 300). After hatching, the GOS and C groups were split into thermal groups: thermoneutral (TN) and heat stress (HS). HS (30 °C) lasted for 14 days (days 36–50 post-hatching). The spleen (n = 8) was sampled after acute (8.5 h) and chronic (14 days) HS. The gene expression of immune-related (IL-2, IL-4, IL-6, IL-10, IL-12p40, and IL-17) and stress-related genes (HSP25, HSP90AA1, BAG3, CAT, and SOD) was detected with RT-qPCR. Chronic HS up-regulated the expression of the genes: IL-10, IL-12p40, SOD (p < 0.05), and CAT (p < 0.01). GOS delivered in ovo down-regulated IL-4 (acute p < 0.001; chronic p < 0.01), IL-12p40, CAT and SOD (chronic p < 0.05). The obtained results suggest that slow-growing hybrids are resistant to acute heat and tolerant to chronic heat, which can be supported with in ovo GOS administration.

Influence of dietary vitamin E and zinc on performance, oxidative stability and some blood measures of broiler chickens reared under heat stress (35 °C)

2010 ◽  
Vol 27 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
Navid Hosseini-Mansoub ◽  
Saeid Chekani-Azar ◽  
Ali Tehrani ◽  
Alireza Lotfi ◽  
Mostaan Manesh
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Oxidative Stability ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Tocopheryl Acetate ◽  
Dietary Vitamin ◽  
Antioxidant Vitamin ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Ambient Temperatures

Influence of dietary vitamin E and zinc on performance, oxidative stability and some blood measures of broiler chickens reared under heat stress (35 °C)This study was conducted to determine the effects of vitamin E (αTA; dL-α-Tocopheryl acetate) and zinc (Zn; ZnCl2) on performance, oxidative stability and some blood measures of broiler chickens under normal and hot temperatures. One hundred sixty 10-day-old male chicks were assigned to four groups in four replicates. The birds received two diets, control and enriched with two levels of vitamin E and Zn (100 and 50 mg/kg of diet, respectively) under two ambient temperatures (22 °C and 35 °C). Although the diets enriched with the antioxidant vitamin and element compared with un-enriched diets resulted in the better performance of the birds, significant differences were related to temperature conditions, as the lowest feed conversion ratio (FCR) and the highest body weight (BW) were observed in the group fed the enriched diet under normal temperature. The serum malondialdehyde (MDA), cholesterol (C), triglycerides (TG), glucose (G), total protein (TP), and hematocrit and heterophil: lymphocyte ratio levels were significantly lower in birds reared under 22 °C compared with the group under 35 °C but the hematocrit was not significantly lower in groups fed enriched diets and exposed to normal conditions (P>0.05). It was concluded that a combination of 100 mg of vitamin E and 50 mg of Zn provides the better performance and the least blood C and TG levels accompanying the better oxidative stability in male broilers under normal temperature (22 °C) and that this combination can be considered as a protective strategy in broiler diets for reducing the negative effects of heat stress.

scholarly journals Organic Chromium and Vitamin E Enhance Physiological Performances, Humoral and Cellular Immune Responses in Heat-stressed Broiler Chickens

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abu Foisal Md. Hridoy ◽  
Md. Symon Hossain ◽  
Md. Iqramul Haque ◽  
Khaled Mahmud Sujan ◽  
Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Vitamin E ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Broiler Chicken ◽  
Chromium Picolinate ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Antibody Titers ◽  
Group B ◽  
Cellular Immune

Background: The use of chromium (Cr) and vitamin E (Vit-E) to overcome the detrimental effects of heat stress (HS) in broiler chickens has been studied by a few researchers. The study was designed to evaluate the effects of organic chromium picolinate (CrPic) and vit-E on physiological performances and immune responses in broiler chicken exposed to HS. Methods: A total of 120, day old chicks were reared and divided into four equal groups: A, B, C and D at day 13. Group A considered as non-treated control, Group B, C and D were treated with CrPic, Vit-E and both respectively. The birds were exposed heat to 35 ± 3°C for 6 hours for 22 days.Result: CrPic, Vit-E and combined groups had significantly higher live body weight and lower FCR (p less than 0.05). Hematological values were not varied among the groups. Liver enzymes AST but not ALT were increased significantly in the Vit-E group. Creatinine level was significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in CrPic and combined groups. Total protein, albumin and glucose were not differed between the treated and non-treated groups. Total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), HDL-c and LDL-c were significantly (p less than 0.05) higher in treated groups. The highest antibody titers against NDV were detected in birds of CrPic group followed by combined and Vit-E group. The cellular immune response assessed by CBH test revealed significant skin increased in CrPic and Vit-E supplemented birds. It concluded that the dietary CrPic and Vit-E are effective to enhance growth performance and immune responses in broiler chicken under heat-stress condition.

scholarly journals Comparison of growth performance and immune responses of broiler chicks reared under heat stress, cold stress and thermoneutral conditions

2018 ◽  
Vol 16 (2) ◽  
pp. e0505 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ali Olfati ◽  
Ali Mojtahedin ◽  
Tayebeh Sadeghi ◽  
Mohsen Akbari ◽  
Felipe Martínez-Pastor
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Immune Responses ◽  
Cold Stress ◽  
Growth Performance ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Body Weight Gain ◽  
Broiler Chicks ◽  
Feed Conversion ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Humoral Immune

This study was conducted to compare the effects of thermal stress on growth performance and some immunity variables of broiler chickens. Birds were randomly assigned to one of three thermal treatments as follows: cold stress (CS, 12±1°C), (b) heat stress (HS, 33±3 °C) and (c) thermoneutral (TN, 24±2 °C). Body weight gain (BWG), feed intake (FI), water intake (WI) and feed conversion ratio (FCR) were recorded. In order to evaluate the primary and secondary humoral immune responses, two birds per replicate were intravenously administrated with a suspension of 7% sheep red blood cell (SRBC) at 28 and 35 days. The heat-stressed broiler chickens had lower FI (-14.90%), BWG (-25.71%) and higher FCR (+13.06%) in comparison to broiler chickens reared under TN condition (p<0.001) from 1 to 42 days of age. The cold-stressed broiler chickens showed lower FI (-22.05%), BWG (-38.32%) and higher FCR (+22.47%) in comparison to birds reared under TN conditions (p<0.001). Stressed birds (CS and HS) showed decreased antibody titer against SRBC, lymphocyte count and the relative weights of lymphoid organs and increased heterophil count, heterophil to lymphocyte ratio and the serum concentration of corticosterone, in comparison to birds in TN group (p<0.001). In conclusion, HS and CS conditions have similar negative effects on performance and immunity of broiler chickens.

scholarly journals Characterization of Short-Term Heat Stress in Holstein Dairy Cows Using Altered Indicators of Metabolomics, Blood Parameters, Milk MicroRNA-216 and Characteristics

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 722
Author(s):  
Jang-Hoon Jo ◽  
Jalil Ghassemi Nejad ◽  
Dong-Qiao Peng ◽  
Hye-Ran Kim ◽  
Sang-Ho Kim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Dairy Cows ◽  
Milk Yield ◽  
Milk Fat ◽  
Blood Parameters ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Lactating Cows ◽  
Humidity Index ◽  
Holstein Dairy Cows

This study aims to characterize the influence of short-term heat stress (HS; 4 day) in early lactating Holstein dairy cows, in terms of triggering blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and composition, and milk microRNA expression. Eight cows (milk yield = 30 ± 1.5 kg/day, parity = 1.09 ± 0.05) were homogeneously housed in environmentally controlled chambers, assigned into two groups with respect to the temperature humidity index (THI) at two distinct levels: approximately ~71 (low-temperature, low-humidity; LTLH) and ~86 (high-temperature, high-humidity; HTHH). Average feed intake (FI) dropped about 10 kg in the HTHH group, compared with the LTLH group (p = 0.001), whereas water intake was only numerically higher (p = 0.183) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Physiological parameters, including rectal temperature (p = 0.001) and heart rate (p = 0.038), were significantly higher in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Plasma cortisol and haptoglobin were higher (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group, compared to the LTLH group. Milk yield, milk fat yield, 3.5% fat-corrected milk (FCM), and energy-corrected milk (ECM) were lower (p < 0.05) in the HTHH group than in the LTLH group. Higher relative expression of milk miRNA-216 was observed in the HTHH group (p < 0.05). Valine, isoleucine, methionine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, lactic acid, 3-phenylpropionic acid, 1,5-anhydro-D-sorbitol, myo-inositol, and urea were decreased (p < 0.05). These results suggest that early lactating cows are more vulnerable to short-term (4 day) high THI levels—that is, HTHH conditions—compared with LTLH, considering the enormous negative effects observed in measured blood metabolomics and parameters, milk yield and compositions, and milk miRNA-216 expression.

scholarly journals Evaluation of Three Formulations of Essential Oils in Broiler Chickens under Cyclic Heat Stress

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 1084
Author(s):  
Jared Ruff ◽  
Guillermo Tellez ◽  
Aaron J. Forga ◽  
Roberto Señas-Cuesta ◽  
Christine N. Vuong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Essential Oils ◽  
Broiler Chickens ◽  
Bone Mineralization ◽  
Body Core Temperature ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Group 4 ◽  
Body Core ◽  
Cyclic Heat ◽  
Group 2

The objective of the present research was to assess the dietary supplementation of three formulations of essential oils (EO) in chickens under heat stress (HS). Day-of-hatch Cobb 500 chicks (n = 500) were randomly distributed into four groups: 1. HS control + control diets; 2. HS + control diets supplemented with 37 ppm EO of Lippia origanoides (LO); 3. HS + control diets supplemented with 45 ppm LO + 45 ppm EO of Rosmarinus officinalis (RO) + 300 ppm red beetroot; 4. HS + 45 ppm LO + 45 ppm RO + 300 ppm natural betaine. Chickens that received the EO showed significant (p < 0.05) improvement on BW, BWG, FI, and FCR compared to control HS chickens. Average body core temperature in group 3 and group 4 was significantly (p < 0.05) reduced compared with the HS control group and group 2. Experimental groups showed a significant reduction in FITC-d at 42 days, a significant increase in SOD at both days but a significant reduction of IFN-γ and IgA compared with HS control (p < 0.05). Bone mineralization was significantly improved by EO treatments (p < 0.05). Together these data suggest that supplemental dietary EO may reduce the harmful effects of HS.

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